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Glucagon-like Peptide 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Targets and New Therapies


Affiliations
1 Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
 

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone which is released from gut. It stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion and the combined effects on insulin and glucagon secretion result in inhibition of hepatic glucose production, which importantly contributes to the glucose lowering effect of the hormone. It seems GLP-1 can be used in treatment of diabetic patient but because of its rapid elimination by DPP-4, is not suitable for clinical use. Therefore two strategies have been used to exploit the beneficial actions of the hormone (i) development of more stable activators of the GLP-1 receptor so-called GLP-1 mimetics like exenatide, Liraglutide and (ii) inhibitors of DPP-4 like sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin. These components can be used in monotherapy or in combination with metformin, insulin, sulphonylurea. The pathophysiological bases of these therapeutics are reviewed in this article.

Keywords

GLP-1, Diabetes, GLP-1 Mimetics, DPP-4 Inhibitor
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  • Glucagon-like Peptide 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Targets and New Therapies

Abstract Views: 435  |  PDF Views: 121

Authors

Robab Sheikhpour
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Abstract


Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone which is released from gut. It stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion and the combined effects on insulin and glucagon secretion result in inhibition of hepatic glucose production, which importantly contributes to the glucose lowering effect of the hormone. It seems GLP-1 can be used in treatment of diabetic patient but because of its rapid elimination by DPP-4, is not suitable for clinical use. Therefore two strategies have been used to exploit the beneficial actions of the hormone (i) development of more stable activators of the GLP-1 receptor so-called GLP-1 mimetics like exenatide, Liraglutide and (ii) inhibitors of DPP-4 like sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin. These components can be used in monotherapy or in combination with metformin, insulin, sulphonylurea. The pathophysiological bases of these therapeutics are reviewed in this article.

Keywords


GLP-1, Diabetes, GLP-1 Mimetics, DPP-4 Inhibitor

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst%2F2012%2Fv5i6%2F30482