Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Effects of Salinity on some Physiological Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars


Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
2 Department of Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
 

The effect of salt stress on some physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications, under greenhouse condition. Salinity treatments carried out in four levels (1.3 dS m-1 as control, 5, 10, 15 dS m-1) via calcium chloride and sodium chloride with 1:10 (Ca2+:Na+ ratio). Wheat genotypes included four cultivars, Sistani and Neishabour as tolerant cultivars, and Tajan and Bahar as sensitive cultivars. Chlorophyll content (CHL), Leaf relative water content (RWC), sodium and potassium contents, and also K+/Na+ ratio were measured at tillering and flowering stages, Total grain yield and yield components were determined. Salinity stress decreased relative water content (RWC), K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio and grain yield; however Na+ content in all the genotypes and in both stages were increased. CHL content increased at tillering stage while it is decreased at flowering stage. Sistani and Neishabour cultivars had more amounts of K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio and RWC under salt conditions, at tillering stage Bahar and Tajan cultivars recorded higher CHL and sodium content at both stages. Bahar showed the highest Na+ content and the most reduction in yield, so it can be considered as more salt sensitive than Tajan genotype. Results showed that the salinity tolerance in tolerant cultivars as manifested by lower decrease in grain yield is associated with the lower sodium accumulation and higher K+/Na+ compared to the sensitive cultivars.

Keywords

Relative Water Content (RWC), Chlorophyll Content (chl), K+/Na+ Ratio, Salinity, Wheat
User

  • Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 24, 1-15.

  • Ashraf M and McNeilly T (1988) Variability in salt tolerance of nine spring wheat cultivars. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 160, 14-21.

  • Ashraf M and Oleary JW (1996) Responses of some newly developed salt-tolerant genotypes of spring wheat to salt stress. 1. Yield components and ion distribution. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 176, 91-101.

  • Ashraf M and Khanum A (1997) Relationship between ion accumulation and growth in two spring wheat lines differing in salt tolerance at different growth stage. J. Agron & Crop Sci. 179, 39-51.

  • Ashraf M (2004). Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora. 199, 361-376.

  • Asish Kumar P Bandhu and Das A (2005) Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety. 60, 324-349.

  • Farooq S and Azam AF (2006) The use of cell membrane stability (CMS) technique to screen for salt tolerant wheat varieties. J. Plant Physiol. 163, 629- 637.

  • Gupta S and Srivastava J (1990) Effect of salt stress on morphophysiological parameters in wheat. Indian J Plant Physiol 32, 162-171.

  • Jiang Y and Hung B (2001) Drought and stress injury to two cool-season turf grasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Sci. 41, 436-442.

  • Jones MM and Turner NC (1978) Osmotic adjustment in leaves of Sorghum in response to water deficits. Plant Physiol, 61, 122-126.

  • Khan MA, Ungar IA, Showalter AM (2000) Effects of sodium chloride treatments on growth and ion accumulation of the halophyte Haloxylon recurvum Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 31, 2763-2774.

  • Munns R (1993) Physiological processes limiting plant growth in saline soil: some dogmas and hypotheses. Plant Cell Environ. 16, 15-24.

  • Munns R (2002) Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ. 25, 659-151.

  • Ochiai K and Matoh T (2001) Mechanism of salt tolerance in the grass species, Anneurolepidium chinense. I. Growth response to salinity and osmotic adjustment. Soil Sci. Plant Nutrition. 47, 579-585.

  • Poustini K and Siosemardeh A (2004) Ion distribution in wheat cultivars in response to salinity stress. Field Crop Res. 85, 125-133.

  • Sairam RK, Veerabhadra Rao K and Srivastava GC (2002) Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Sci. 163, 1037-1046.

  • Salama S, Trivedi S, Busheva M, Arafa A A, Garab G and Erdei L (1994) Effects of NaCl salinity on growth, cation accumulation, chloroplast structure and function in wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. J. Plant Physiol. 144, 241-247.

  • Sharma SK (1996) Effects of salinity on uptake and distribution of Na+, Cl- and K+ in two wheat cultivars. Biologia plantarum. 38, 261-267.

  • Siddique MRB, Hamid A and Islam MS( 2000) Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 41, 35-39.

  • Sinclair TR and Ludlow MM (1985) Who thought plants thermodynamics? The unfulfilled potential of plant water potential. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 12, 213- 217.

  • Tandon HLS (1995) Estimation of sodium and potassium, in: Methods of Analysis of Soils, Plants, Water and Fertilisers, FDCO, New Delhi. 62-63.

  • Tattini M, Gucci R, Coradeschi MA, Ponzio C and Everard JD (1995) Growth gas exchange and ion content in Olea europaea plants during salinity and subsequent relief. Physiol. Plant. 95, 203-210.

  • Velegaleti RR, Kumar D, Marsh S, Reichenbach NG, Fleischman DE (1990) Some approaches to rapid and presymptoms diagnosis of chemical stress in plants. In: Plants for toxicity assessment ASTMSTP. Wang W, Gorsuch JW & Lower WR (Eds.), American Society for Testing and Materials; Philadelphia. pp: 333-345.

  • Weatherley PE (1950) Studies in water relations of cotton plants I. the field measurement of water deficit in leaves, New Phytol. 49, 81-87.

  • Wenxue W, Bilsborrow PE, Hooley P, Fincham DA, Lombi E and Forster BP (2003) Salinity-induced differences in growth, ion distribution and partitioning in barley between the cultivar Maythorpe and its derived mutant Golden Promise. Plant Soil. 250, 183- 191.

  • Winicov I and Seemann JR (1990) Expression of genes for photosynthesis and the relationship to salt tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cells. Plant Cell Physiol. 31, 1155-1161.

  • Zhu JK (2003) Regulation of ion homeostasis under salt stress. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 6, 441-445.


Abstract Views: 763

PDF Views: 318




  • Effects of Salinity on some Physiological Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

Abstract Views: 763  |  PDF Views: 318

Authors

E. Akbari Ghogdi
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
A. Izadi-Darbandi
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
A. Borzouei
Department of Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Abstract


The effect of salt stress on some physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications, under greenhouse condition. Salinity treatments carried out in four levels (1.3 dS m-1 as control, 5, 10, 15 dS m-1) via calcium chloride and sodium chloride with 1:10 (Ca2+:Na+ ratio). Wheat genotypes included four cultivars, Sistani and Neishabour as tolerant cultivars, and Tajan and Bahar as sensitive cultivars. Chlorophyll content (CHL), Leaf relative water content (RWC), sodium and potassium contents, and also K+/Na+ ratio were measured at tillering and flowering stages, Total grain yield and yield components were determined. Salinity stress decreased relative water content (RWC), K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio and grain yield; however Na+ content in all the genotypes and in both stages were increased. CHL content increased at tillering stage while it is decreased at flowering stage. Sistani and Neishabour cultivars had more amounts of K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio and RWC under salt conditions, at tillering stage Bahar and Tajan cultivars recorded higher CHL and sodium content at both stages. Bahar showed the highest Na+ content and the most reduction in yield, so it can be considered as more salt sensitive than Tajan genotype. Results showed that the salinity tolerance in tolerant cultivars as manifested by lower decrease in grain yield is associated with the lower sodium accumulation and higher K+/Na+ compared to the sensitive cultivars.

Keywords


Relative Water Content (RWC), Chlorophyll Content (chl), K+/Na+ Ratio, Salinity, Wheat

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst%2F2012%2Fv5i1%2F30953