Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Chemical Constituents and Comparative Toxicity of Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D ADAMS LEAF Extracts Against Two Leafspot Fungal Isolates of PAW-PAW (Carica papaya L.)


Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Delta State University, PMB 1, Abraka, Nigeria
 

The toxicity of chloroform, Petroleum ether and Methanol leaf extracts of Aspilia africana against <I>Collectotrichum gloesporiodes</I> and <I>Curvularia lunatus</I>, the pathogens of leafspot disease of paw-paw was investigated. The fungi were cultured in potato dextrose-leaf extract agar medium at the concentrations of 20mg/ml, 40mg/ml, 80mg/ml, 160mg/ml, 320mg/ml and the mycelial extension growth rate were observed. All the extracts showed significant (p&#x003C;0.05) activity and concentration-dependent growth inhibition against the leafspot fungi with the percentage inhibition range from 35-100% at various concentrations. Only methanol extract gave 100% inhibition of fungal growth at 160mg/ml and 320mg/ml. C. lunatus was more sensitive to the extract than C. <I>gloeosporioides</I>. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, tannins and terpenes in varying degrees. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the extracts showed a complex mixture of compounds which included 8 in methanol and petroleum ether extracts and 7 in chloroform extract. The implication of these findings is that extracts of <I>A. africana</I> could be a good antifungal agent with potential applications in agriculture against foliar diseases of paw-paw so as to improve production.

Keywords

Chemical Constituents, Antifungal Activity, Aspilia africana, Leaf Extracts, Leafspot Fungi, Carica papaya
User

  • Ilondu E M (2011). Evaluation of some aqueous plant extracts used in the control of pawpaw fruit (carica papaya L.) rot fungi, Journal of Applied Biosciences, vol 37, 2419–2424.

  • Oluma H O A, and Oladiran A O (1993). Phythium aphanidermatum ischolar_main-rot of paw-paw (Carica papaya) in Nigeria, Mycopathology, vol 123(2), 111–115.

  • Adetunyi V O, and Salawu O T (2008). West African soft cheese processed with Calotropis procera and Carica papaya, A comparative assessment of nutritional values, African Journal of Biotechnology, vol 7(18), 3360–3362.

  • Krishna K L, Paridhavi M et al. (2008). Review of nutritional, medicinal and pharmacological properties of papaya (Carica papaya L.), National Product Radiance, vol 7(4), 364–373.

  • Oloyede O I (2005). Chemical profile of unripe pulp of Carica Papaya, Pakista Journal of Nutrition, vol 4(6), 379–381

  • Adodo A (2004). Nature Power, 3rd Edn., OSB Ewu-Esan, Nigeria.

  • Imaga N O A, Gbenle G O et al. (2009). Antisickling property of Carica Papaya leaf extract, African Journal of Biochemical Research, vol 3(4), 102–106

  • Indran M, Mahmood A A et al. (2008). Protective effect of Carica papaya L. leaf extract against alcohol induced acute gastric damage and blood oxidative stress in rats, West Indian Medical Journal, vol 57(4), 323–326.

  • Desmond Y O, and Ronald A H (2001). Blackspot papaya disease: New pest advisory notes. In: Horn C W (Ed), Pland Disease handbook, Agricultural Diagnostic Service Centre, College of Tropical Studies, Honolulu, Hawaii, 125–128.

  • Mehrotra R S, and Aggarwal A (2003). Plant Pathology, 2nd Edn, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.

  • Katsayal U A (2002). Pharmacognostic studies on the leaves of Aspilia Africana, Nigerian Journal of Botany, vol 15, 62–67.

  • Ilondu E M, Ayodele S M et al. (2010). Etiology and control of damping- off disease of pepper (Capsicum annum) with powdered leaves of three Asteraceous plants, Nigerian Journal of Plant Protection, vol 24, 75–81.

  • Rai M K, and Acharya D (1999). Screening of some Asteraceous plants for antimycotic activity, Compositae Newsletter, vol 34, 37–43.

  • Oyewale A O and Audu O T (2007). The medicinal potentials of aqueous and methanol extracts of six flora of tropical Africa, Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, vol 32(1), 150–155.

  • Evans W C, and Trease G E (1999). Pharmacognosy, W B Sunders Company Limited, Notingham, U.K. 310–315.

  • Onyeke C C, and Maduewesi J N C (2006). Evaluation of some plant extracts for the control of post-harvest fungal diseases of Banana (Musa sapientum L.) fruit in South-Eastern Nigeria, Nigerian Journal of Botany, vol 19(1), 129–137.

  • Adeniyi B A, and Odufowora RO (2000). In-vitro Antimicrobial properties of Aspilia africana (Compositae), African Journal of Biomedical Research, vol 3, 167–170.

  • Okigbo R N, and Odurukwe C N (2009). Occurrence and control of fungal rot pathogen of yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) with leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata, Carica papaya and Aspilia Africana, Nigerian Journal of Mycology, vol 2(1), 154–165.

  • Velanganni J, Kadamban D et al. (2011). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the stem of Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. Var. Philippensis (Euphorbiaceae), International Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol 3(Suppl.2), 160–163.

  • Del-Vechio-Vieira G, Sousa O V et al. (2009). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Ageratum fastigiatum (Asteraceae), Records of Natural Products, vol 3(1), 52–57.

  • Okungbowa F I, and Edema N E (2007). Antifungal activities of leaf extracts from six Asteraceous plants against Fusarium oxysporium, Nigeria Journal of Botany, vol 20(1), 45–49.

  • Okoi A I, and Afuo C O (2009). Effects of leaf extracts of three plant species on Cercospora arachidicola Hori, the causal fungus of leafspot disease of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.), Nigerian Journal of Plant Protection, vol 23, 63–70.

  • Agoramoorthy G, Chandrasekaran M et al. (2007). Antibacterial and Antifungal activities of fatty acid methyl esters of the Blind-your-eye Mangrove from India, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, vol 38, No. 4, 739–742.

  • Onifade A K (2002). Antifungal effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss extracts on Collectotricm lindemathianum, Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, vol 6(3), 423–428.

  • Akobundu I O, and Agyakwa C W (1998). A Handbook of West African Weeds, 2nd Edn., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

  • Lee J Y, Kim Y S et al. (2002). Antimicrobial synergistic effect of Linolenic acid and monoglyceride against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, vol 50(7), 2193–2199.

  • Vukovic N, Sukdolak S et al. (2011). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Teucrium arduini essential oil and cirsimarin from Montenegro, Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, vol 5(7), 1244–1250.

  • Ilondu E M (2012). Etiology and Management of leafspot disease of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) in Delta State, Nigeria Ph.D Thesis Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Delta State University, Asaba campus.

  • Yashihiro I, Toshiko H et al. (2005). Biphasic effects of Geranylgeraniol, Teprenone and Phytol on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol 49(5), 1770–1774.


Abstract Views: 467

PDF Views: 0




  • Chemical Constituents and Comparative Toxicity of Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D ADAMS LEAF Extracts Against Two Leafspot Fungal Isolates of PAW-PAW (Carica papaya L.)

Abstract Views: 467  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

E. M. Ilondu
Department of Botany, Delta State University, PMB 1, Abraka, Nigeria

Abstract


The toxicity of chloroform, Petroleum ether and Methanol leaf extracts of Aspilia africana against <I>Collectotrichum gloesporiodes</I> and <I>Curvularia lunatus</I>, the pathogens of leafspot disease of paw-paw was investigated. The fungi were cultured in potato dextrose-leaf extract agar medium at the concentrations of 20mg/ml, 40mg/ml, 80mg/ml, 160mg/ml, 320mg/ml and the mycelial extension growth rate were observed. All the extracts showed significant (p&#x003C;0.05) activity and concentration-dependent growth inhibition against the leafspot fungi with the percentage inhibition range from 35-100% at various concentrations. Only methanol extract gave 100% inhibition of fungal growth at 160mg/ml and 320mg/ml. C. lunatus was more sensitive to the extract than C. <I>gloeosporioides</I>. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, tannins and terpenes in varying degrees. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the extracts showed a complex mixture of compounds which included 8 in methanol and petroleum ether extracts and 7 in chloroform extract. The implication of these findings is that extracts of <I>A. africana</I> could be a good antifungal agent with potential applications in agriculture against foliar diseases of paw-paw so as to improve production.

Keywords


Chemical Constituents, Antifungal Activity, Aspilia africana, Leaf Extracts, Leafspot Fungi, Carica papaya

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst%2F2013%2Fv6i9%2F37147