Wireless Sensor Network in Disaster Management

Background/Objectives: This paper proposes efficient disaster detection and alerting system to reduce losses due to the occurrence of natural disasters worldwide. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) helps in disaster management to reduce the mass destruction and huge loss due to climatic change by determining the amount of disaster occurred in a particular location. Based on the physical parameters measured by the sensors, appropriate remedial actions can be taken. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: In this paper, the utilization of the Heterogeneous Sensor Networks for Disaster Management (DM) is analyzed. Also, this paper reviews the types of disasters and the different sensors utilized for measuring their intensity. Heterogeneous clustering protocol is suggested for disaster management using wireless sensor networks. Moreover, utilizing heterogeneous clustering protocol increases the life time of the power constrained sensor node. Different types of Heterogeneous clustering protocols viz. SEP, DEEC, EDEEC, BEENISH are analyzed. Findings: Among these protocols, EDEEC and BEENISH protocols show better results when the number of parameters are increased. EDEEC protocol can be applied in the analysis of earthquake, storm and volcano and BEENISH protocol can be applied in the analysis of Tsunami. Application/Improvements: For disaster prone regions, these types of clustering protocols can be utilized efficiently in order to avoid huge loss for the society as well as for the human beings.