International Journal of Physiology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Relationship between Smoking and Obstructive Airways Disease


Affiliations
1 Department of Physiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
2 Department of Health Services, Manipur
3 DR TB Center, JNIMS Hospital, Imphal, Manipur, India
4 Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Obstructive airways disease is an important cause of mortality and morbidity around the world and smoking has a significant role in the development and progression of the disease. Objective: To analyse the relationship between smoking and obstructive airways disease. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 patients with obstructive airways disease attending Respiratory Medicine outpatient services in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal from January 2015 to September 2016. Patients aged 18-67 were included in the study after obtaining Ethical approval from the Research Ethics Board, RIMS, Imphal. Computerized Spirometer Helios 401 was the instrument used to measure lung volumes and capacities. Results and observation: The present study was conducted on 100 patients with obstructive airways disease. The lung function test values of OAD patients showed that FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC values were within normal limits. But FEF25-75%, and PEFR were lower suggesting that smaller airways were affected in obstructive airway disease. In our study we found that OAD was strongly associated with smoking status(p<0.001), smoking pack-years(p=0.000), and smoking duration(p<0.001). Conclusion: From the study results we conclude that that Obstructive airway disease was strongly associated with smoking. Smoking cessation is the best and most effective solution to this problem. Other measures such as screening with spirometric tests in high risk individuals especially the smokers in age group of 40-55 should be considered to reduce the mortality and morbidity due to Obstructive airway disease.

Keywords

Obstructive Airways Disease (OAD), Smoking, Spirometric Test.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Weinberger SE, Rosen IM. Disturbances of respiratory function. In: Loscalzo J, editor. Harrison`s Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill; 2010. p. 25-35.

  • Asher MI, Montefort S, Björkstén B, Lai CK, Strachan DP, Weiland SK, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergy rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC phases one and three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet 2006;368(9537):733-43.

  • Celli BR, MacNee W, Agusti AA, Anzueto A, Berg B, Buist AS, et al. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J 2004;23(6):932-46.

  • Bellamy D. Spirometry in practice: a practical guide to using spirometry in primary care. 2nd ed. London: BTS COPD Consortium; 2005.

  • Koshak EA. Classification of asthma according to revised 2006 GINA: Evolution from severity to control. Ann Thorac Med 2007;2(2):45-6.

  • Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2006). Available at: http://www.goldcopd.org. Accessed September 19, 2016.

  • Razi E, Ehteram H, Akbari H, Chavoshi V, Razi A. Evaluation of high-sensitivity C reactive protein in acute asthma. Tanaffos 2012;11(1):32-7.

  • Halvani A, Tahghighi F, Nadooshan HH. Evaluation of correlation between airway and serum inflammatory markers in asthmatic patients. Lung India 2012;29(2):143-6.

  • Perez-Padilla R, Fernandez R, Lopez Varela MV, Montes de Oca M,Muin ̃o A, Ta ́lamo C, et al. Airflow obstruction in never smokers in five Latin American cities: the PLATINO study. Arch Med Res2012;43(2):159-165

  • Lo ́pez Varela MV, Montes de Oca M, Halbert R, Muin ̃o A, Ta ́lamoC, Pe ́rez-Padilla R, et al. Comorbidities and health status in individuals with and without COPD in five Latin American cities: the PLATINO study. Arch Bronconeumol 2013;49(11):468-474.

  • Lopez Varela MV, Montes de Oca M, Halbert RJ, Muin ̃o A, Perez-Padilla R, Ta ́lamo C, et al. Gender related difference in COPD in five Latin American cities: The PLATINO study. Eur Respir J 2010;36(5):1034-1041.

  • Llorde ́s M, Jae ́n A, Almagro P, Heredia JL, Morera J, Soriano JB, Miravitlles M. Prevalence, risk factors and diagnostic accuracy of COPD among smokers in primary care. COPD 2015;12(4):404-412.

  • Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Agarwal R, Kumar R, Kaur T, Chaudhry K, Shah B. Indian study on epidemiology of asthma, respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in adults (INSEARCH). Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:1270-77.

  • Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Agarwal R, Kumar R, Kaur T, Chaudhry K, Shah B. Indian study on epidemiology of asthma, respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in adults (INSEARCH). Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:1270-77.

  • Agrawal S. Effect of indoor air pollution from biomass and solid fuel combustion on prevalence of self-reported asthma among adult men and women in India: findings from a nationwide large-scale cross-sectional survey. J Asthma 2012; 49:355-65


Abstract Views: 581

PDF Views: 0




  • Relationship between Smoking and Obstructive Airways Disease

Abstract Views: 581  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

M. Karthika
Department of Physiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
Prakash Chandra Bhardwaj
Department of Health Services, Manipur
Laimayum Amarnath Sharma
DR TB Center, JNIMS Hospital, Imphal, Manipur, India
W. Kanan
Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
W. Asoka Singh
Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India

Abstract


Obstructive airways disease is an important cause of mortality and morbidity around the world and smoking has a significant role in the development and progression of the disease. Objective: To analyse the relationship between smoking and obstructive airways disease. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 patients with obstructive airways disease attending Respiratory Medicine outpatient services in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal from January 2015 to September 2016. Patients aged 18-67 were included in the study after obtaining Ethical approval from the Research Ethics Board, RIMS, Imphal. Computerized Spirometer Helios 401 was the instrument used to measure lung volumes and capacities. Results and observation: The present study was conducted on 100 patients with obstructive airways disease. The lung function test values of OAD patients showed that FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC values were within normal limits. But FEF25-75%, and PEFR were lower suggesting that smaller airways were affected in obstructive airway disease. In our study we found that OAD was strongly associated with smoking status(p<0.001), smoking pack-years(p=0.000), and smoking duration(p<0.001). Conclusion: From the study results we conclude that that Obstructive airway disease was strongly associated with smoking. Smoking cessation is the best and most effective solution to this problem. Other measures such as screening with spirometric tests in high risk individuals especially the smokers in age group of 40-55 should be considered to reduce the mortality and morbidity due to Obstructive airway disease.

Keywords


Obstructive Airways Disease (OAD), Smoking, Spirometric Test.

References