International Journal of Physiology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Comparative Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smokeless Tobacco Users and Smokers


Affiliations
1 Professor & Head of Dept. of Physiology, Dept. of Physiology, IGGMC, Nagpur
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in developing countries. Study was carried out in 400 males to evaluate&compare the cardio vascular disease risk factors in smokers&smokeless tobacco users- tobacco chewers&kharra chewers. Tobacco users had significantly higher cardiovascular disease risk factors- C reactive protein&lipid profile (except HDL) than non users. The C reactive protein&lipid profile differences between smokers&tobacco chewers were found to be non significant while kharra chewers had significantly lower values than smokers&tobacco chewers. The deleterious cardiovascular risk factors are considerably less in kharra chewers than cigarette smokers&tobacco chewers. Excessive risk in tobacco users than non users gives cause for preventive action.

Keywords

C Reactive Protein, Lipid Profile, Cardio Vascular Disease, Tobacco, Kharra
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Yusoff K (2002) Vitamine E in cardiovascular disease has the diet been cost? Asia pac j clinical Nutrition 11: 443-7.

  • M Rani S Bonu, P. Jha, S.N. Nguyen L Jamjoum (2003) Tobacco use in India, prevalence & prediction of smoking & chewing in a national cross sectional household survey. Tobacco Control 12e4 doi: 1136/tcc 12.4ee.

  • Pandey A, Patni N, Sarangi S, Singh M, Sharma K, Vellimana AK, Patra S (2009) Prevalence of smokeless tobacco users and tobacco Induced diseases. Tob Induc Dis 24; 5:15.

  • Abddulla ASM, Hustern CG (2004) Promotion of smoking cessation in developing countries: a frame work for urgent public health interventions. Thorax 59:623-630

  • Welty T. Rhoades D, Yeh F, Lee E.P, Cowan L.D., Febsitz R.R. et al (2002) changes in cardiovascular diseases risk factors among American Indians the strong heart study. Annual epidemiol 12:97-106.

  • Retnakar R, Anthony JG, Philip WC, Stewart BH, Bernard Z (2005) Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular risk factors among Aborigianl Canadian youth. CMAJ 173(8)

  • Hanley AJ, Harris SB, Gao XJ, Kwan J, Zinman B (1997) Serum immuoreactive leptin concentrations in Canadian Aboriginal population with high rates of NIDDM. Diabetes Care 20(9):1408-15.

  • Tucker LA (1989) use of smokeless tobacco, cigarette smoking and hypercholesterolemia. Am J Public Health 96(8):1048-1050.

  • Benowitz NL, Hall SM, Herning RI, Jacob P III, Jones RT, Osman AL (1983) Smokers of low yield cigarette do not consume less nicotine. N Engl J Med 09(3):139-42.

  • Russel MAH, Jarvis MJ, West RJ, et al (1985) Buccal absorption of nicotine from smokeless tobacco sachets. Lancet 2(8468):1370

  • Advisory committee to thr surgeon general: The health consequences of using smokeless tobacco: A report of the advisory committee to the surgeon general. Washington, DC: Govt Printing Office (Pub. NO. 86-2874),1986.

  • Bolinder G, Alfredsson L, Englund A, de Faire U (1994) Smokeless tobacco use & increase cardiovascular mortality among Swedish construction worker. American Journal of Public health 84(3):399-404.

  • Brischetto CS, Connor WE, Connor SL, Matarazzo JD (1983) Plasma lipid & lipoprotein profiles of cigarette smokers from randomly selected families enhancement of hyperlipidemia & depression of high density lipoproteins. Am. J. Cardiol 52(7):675-80.

  • Muscat JE, Harris RE et al (1991) Cigarette smoking and plasma cholesterol. Am Heart J 121:141-7

  • Simon LA, Simon J, Jones AS (1984) The interaction of body weight, age, cigarette smoking and hormone usage with blood pressure and plasma lipids in as Australian community. Aus NZ J Med 14:215-21.

  • Kershbaum A, Khorsandian R, Caplan RF, Bellet S, Feinberg LJ (1963) The role of catacholamines in the free fatty acid response to cigarette smoking. Circulation 28:52-7.

  • Kohout M, Kohoutova B, Heimberg M (1971) The regulation of hepatic triglyceride metabolism by free fatty acids. J Biol Chem 246:5067-74.

  • Goh EH, Heimberg M (1973) Stimulation of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by oleic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 55:382-8.

  • Ross T (1993) The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis a perspective for 1990s. Nature [362]: 801-809.

  • Libby P (1995) Molecular basis of acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 91: 2844-2856.

  • Ridker PM (1998) C Reactive protein & risk of future myocardial infarction & thrombotic stroke. Eur Heart J 19(1):1-3.

  • Lagrand WK, Visser CA, Hermens WT, Niessen HW, Verheugt FW, Wolbink GJ, Hack CE (1999) C reactive protein as a cardiovascular risk factor. Circulation 100: 96-102

  • Mendall M A, Patel P., Ballam L., Strachan D. North Field TC (1996) C reactive protein & its relation to cardiovascular risk factor a population based cross sectional study. BMJ 312: 1061 - 1065.

  • Kuller LH., Tracy RP, Shaten J., Meilhn EN (1996) Relation of C reactive protein & coronary Heart disease in the MRFIT nested case control study. Am. J. Epidemiology 144: 537 -547

  • Tracy RP, Lemaitre RN, Psaty PM, Ives DG, Evans RW, Cushman M, Meilahn EN, Kuller LH (1997) Relationship of C-reactive protein to risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Rural Health Promotion Project. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17(6):1121-7.

  • Castell J V, Andus T, Kunz D, Heinrich P C (1989) Interleukin - 6 - The major regulator of Acute Phase Protein synthesis in man & rat. Ann Ny Acad. Sci 557 : 87-10.

  • Neumann F. J. Ott I, Gawag M., Richard G. Holzapfel H. Jochum M. Schomi GA (1995) Cardiac release of cytokines & inflammatory responses in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 92 :748 - 755 .

  • Volanki’s JE (1982) Complement activation by C Reactive Protein complexes. Annual Ny Acad sci 389: 235-249 .

  • Huhtasari F, Asrplund K, Lundberg V, Stegmeyer B, Wester P O (1992) Tobacco & myocardial infarction : is snuff less dangerous than cigarette. B.M.J 305 (68, 64) 1252 - 1256.

  • Huhtasaari F, Lundberg V, Eliasson M, Janlert U, Asplund K (1999) Smokeless Tobacco as a possible risk factor for MI a population based study in middle aged men. J.Am. Coll Cardial 34 : 1784 - 1790.

  • D. Siegel, N. Benowitz ,VL Ernster, DG Graddy, W.W. Hauck (1992) Smokeless tobacco, Cardio vascular risk factor Nicotine & Cotinine levels in Progfessional baseball players. American Journal of public health 82 (3): 417-421.


Abstract Views: 450

PDF Views: 0




  • Comparative Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smokeless Tobacco Users and Smokers

Abstract Views: 450  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

V R Parate
Professor & Head of Dept. of Physiology, Dept. of Physiology, IGGMC, Nagpur

Abstract


Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in developing countries. Study was carried out in 400 males to evaluate&compare the cardio vascular disease risk factors in smokers&smokeless tobacco users- tobacco chewers&kharra chewers. Tobacco users had significantly higher cardiovascular disease risk factors- C reactive protein&lipid profile (except HDL) than non users. The C reactive protein&lipid profile differences between smokers&tobacco chewers were found to be non significant while kharra chewers had significantly lower values than smokers&tobacco chewers. The deleterious cardiovascular risk factors are considerably less in kharra chewers than cigarette smokers&tobacco chewers. Excessive risk in tobacco users than non users gives cause for preventive action.

Keywords


C Reactive Protein, Lipid Profile, Cardio Vascular Disease, Tobacco, Kharra

References