Pulsatile Flow of Jeffrey Hybrid Nanofluid in a Vertical Channel with Entropy Generation

This study examines the hydrodynamic pulsatile flow of Jeffrey hybrid (Au+Al₂O₃/Blood) nanofluid in a vertical channel with entropy production. The literature shows that the investigations are only related to the pulsating flow of nanofluid. Any study related to the pulsating flow of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid in a vertical channel with Joule heating, thermal radiation, and heat source/sink did not report so far. The novelty of the present work is the investigation of entropy generation on pulsatile flow of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid with Joule heating, thermal radiation and heat source/sink effects in a vertical channel. The transformation of the governing partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations are made by applying the perturbation method and then numerically solved by fourth-order Runge-Kutta method aided by bvp4c shooting technique built-in MATLAB software. This work is useful for chemical engineering, blood cancer treatment, nano-drug delivery, pharmaceutical process, and biomedical aspects. The effects of various emerging parameters and variables on velocity, temperature, entropy generation, and the Bejan number are displayed through graphs. The consequences of physical parameters on heat transfer rate are prearranged in a table. This analysis demonstrates that the temperature of hybrid nanofluid increases with an increment in radiation parameter, and Eckert number. The entropy generation is an increasing function of Eckert number and radiation parameter whereas it decelerates with a rise in Hartmann number. The heat transfer rate has a higher impact in the case of (Au+Al₂O₃/Blood) hybrid nanofluid as compare to mono nanofluid.