Magneto-Hybrid Nanofluid (Al 2 O 3 / Cu−Oil) Flow in a Porous Square Enclosure with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flow Model-Sensitivity Analysis

The rheological behaviour of nanofluids is an important specification that has a substantial impact on the system performance. The effect of an inclined magnetic field on mixed convection in a square cavity through a porous medium has been numerically investigated in the current paper. Various levels of thermal conductivity have been maintained on each wall throughout the system. Additionally, the Cattaneo-Christov heat flow model is influenced in the energy equation. The conservation equations for primary, secondary, and mass momentum, energy, and nanoparticles with wall boundary conditions are dimensionless and coupled to proper scaling transformations. To address the dimensionless nonlinear coupled boundary value problem, a finite-difference computing methodology known as the Harlow-Welch Marker and Cell (MAC) method is used. The fundamental goal of this research is to look at the rheological behaviour of nanoparticles as base fluids in the aforementioned effects. The influence of factors on the physical framework such as Richardson number (Ri), Hartmann number (Ha), Darcy number (Da), Reynolds number (Re), and Prandtl number (Pr) is investigated graphically. The MATLAB software is used to obtain streamlined and isothermal contours. The findings indicate an enhancement in the average Nusselt number with an increase in the parameters. Furthermore, the presence of nanoparticles raises the average Nusselt number for low values of the Reynolds number. The system is analyzed with three convection stages of Richardson number, and it is also found that for mixed convection, the system holds better results. The obtained outcomes are compared with well-known existing findings to validate the present work.