Journal of Entrepreneurship & Management

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Role of Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Competencies in Improving Performance Among Women Entrepreneurs


Affiliations
1 Department of Commerce, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial competencies and learning on performance among women entrepreneurs. Further, the study intends to explore the significant role of entrepreneurial education. Data were collected from 200 women entrepreneurs working in Jodhpur city of Rajasthan (western India) on the basis of purposive sampling. Statistical techniques like confirmatory factor analyses, structural equation modelling, and hierarchical regression were used to analyse the data. Further, reliability and validity tests were also performed. The study finds that entrepreneurial competency is indirectly related with performance through entrepreneurial learning. Furthermore, it was found that entrepreneurial education act as a moderator to improve the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and learning/performance. The study is limited to Jodhpur city only. It is one of the limited numbers of studies that have empirically addressed the role of entrepreneurial education among women entrepreneurs. This study will be helpful for women entrepreneurs in enhancing their performance through effective learning for running a successful venture. The results extend the understanding of the important role of entrepreneurial education in improving entrepreneurial learning and performance among women entrepreneurs. It further establishes the indirect relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and performance through entrepreneurial learning that creates value and competitive advantages for them.

Keywords

Entrepreneurial Competencies, Entrepreneurship Education, Women Entrepreneur, Performance.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Ahmed, P. K., Rafiq, M., & Saad, N. M. (2003). Internal marketing and the mediating role of organisational competencies. European Journal of Marketing, 37(9), 1221-1241.

  • Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R., & Ray, S. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business venturing, 18(1), 105-123.

  • Arthur, S. J., Hisrich, R. D., & Cabrera, A. (2012). The importance of education in the entrepreneurial process: a world view. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(3), 500-514.

  • Baum, J. R., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 587.

  • Baum, J. R., Locke, E. A., & Smith, K. G. (2001). A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of

  • Management Journal, 44(2), 292-303.

  • Bechard, J. P., & Toulouse, J. M. (1998). Validation of a didactic model for the analysis of training objectives in entrepreneurship. Journal of business venturing, 13(4), 317-332.

  • Bird, B. (1995). Towards a theory of entrepreneurial competency. Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth, 2(1), 51-72.

  • Bird, B. (2002). Learning entrepreneurship competencies: The self-directed learning approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 1(2), 203-227.

  • Carrier, C. (2005). Pedagogical challenges in entrepreneurship practice. In P. Kyro, & C. Carrier, (Eds.), The dynamics of learning entrepreneurship in a cross-cultural university context (pp. 136-158). Finland: University of Tampere, Faculty of Education, Research Centre for Vocational and Professional Education.

  • Carrier, C. (2007). Strategies for teaching entrepreneurship: What else beyond lectures, case studies and business plans. Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education, 1, 143-159.

  • Churchill, N. C., & Lewis, V. (1983). The five stages of small business growth. Harvard Business Review, 61(3), 30-50.

  • Cope, J. (2005). Toward a dynamic learning perspective of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(4), 373-397.

  • Cope, J., & Watts, G. (2000). Learning by doing-an exploration of experience, critical incidents and reflection in entrepreneurial learning. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 6(3), 104-124.

  • Deakins, D., & Freel, M. (2012). Entrepreneurship and small firms. McGraw Hill Higher Education.

  • Dickson, P. H., Solomon, G. T., & Weaver, K. M. (2008). Entrepreneurial selection and success: does education matter? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2), 239-258.

  • Dollinger, M. J. (2008). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and resources. Marsh Publications.

  • Down, S. (1999). Owner-manager learning in small firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 6(3), 267-280.

  • Dubois, A., Hulthen, K., & Pedersen, A.-C. (2004). Supply chains and interdependence: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 10(1), 3-9.

  • Erikson, T. (2003). Towards a taxonomy of entrepreneurial learning experiences among potential entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(1), 106-112.

  • Fayolle, A. (2013). Personal views on the future of entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(7-8), 692-701.

  • Fiet, J. O. (2002). The systematic search for entrepreneurial discoveries. ABC-CLIO.

  • Finkle, T. A., Kuratko, D. F., & Goldsby, M. G. (2006). An examination of entrepreneurship centers in the United States: A national survey. Journal of Small Business Management, 44(2), 184-206.

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.

  • Gao, S., Mokhtarian, P. L., & Johnston, R. A. (2008). Non-normality of data in structural equation models. Transportation Research Board’s 87th Annual Meeting.

  • Grubbs, F. E. (1969). Procedures for detecting outlying observations in samples. Technometrics, 11(1), 1-21.

  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Analise multivariada de dados. Bookman Editora.

  • Henry, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship education in HE: Are policy makers expecting too much?. Education+Training, 55(8/9), 836-848.

  • Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2003). Entrepreneurship education and training. Aldershot: Ashgate.

  • Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught? Part II. Education+ Training, 47(3), 158-169.

  • Herron, L., & Sapienza, H. J. (1992). The entrepreneur and the initiation of new venture launch activities. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 17(1), 49-55.

  • Hessels, J., Van Gelderen, M., & Thurik, R. (2008). Entrepreneurial aspirations, motivations, and their drivers. Small Business Economics, 31(3), 323-339.

  • Hmieleski, K. M., & Baron, R. A. (2009). Entrepreneurs’ optimism and new venture performance: A social cognitive perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 52(3), 473-488.

  • Honig, B. (2004). Entrepreneurship education: Toward a model of contingency-based business planning. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(3), 258-273.

  • Hynes, B. (1996). Entrepreneurship education and trainingintroducing entrepreneurship into non-business disciplines. Journal of European Industrial Training, 20(8), 10-17.

  • Inman, R. A., Sale, M. L., & Green, K. W. (2009). Analysis of the relationship among TOC use, TOC outcomes and organizational performance. International Journal of Operations and Product Management, 29(4), 341-356.

  • Jones, C., & Matlay, H. (2011). Understanding the heterogeneity of entrepreneurship education: Going beyond Gartner. Education+ Training, 53(8/9), 692-703.

  • Jones, C., & Penaluna, A. (2013). Moving beyond the business plan in enterprise education. Education+Training, 55(8/9), 804-814.

  • Karlan, D., & Valdivia, M. (2011). Teaching entrepreneurship: Impact of business training on microfinance clients and institutions. Review of Economics and statistics, 93(2), 510-527.

  • Kayes, D. A. (2002). Experiential learning and its critics: preserving the role of experiential learning in management learning and education. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 1, 137-149.

  • Kirby, D. A. (2004). Entrepreneurship education: can business schools meet the challenge?. Education+training, 46(8/9), 510-519.

  • Kourilsky, M. (1995). Entrepreneurship education: Opportunity in search of curriculum. Business Education Forum, 50(10), 11-15.

  • Kuratko, D. F. (2005). The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends, and challenges. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(5), 577-598.

  • Lado, A. A., & Vozikis, G. S. (1996). Transfer of technology to promote entrepreneurship in developing countries: An integration and proposed framework. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 21(2), 55-73.

  • Lans, T., Hulsink, W., Baert, H., & Mulder, M. (2008). Entrepreneurship education and training in a small business context: Insights from the competence-based approach. Journal of enterprising culture, 16(4), 363-383.

  • Lans, T., Wesselink, R., Biemans, H. J., & Mulder, M. (2004). Work‐related lifelong learning for entrepreneurs in the agri‐food sector. International Journal of Training and Development, 8(1), 73-89.

  • Laukkanen, M. (2000). Exploring alternative approaches in high-level entrepreneurship education: Creating micromechanisms for endogenous regional growth. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 12(1), 25-47.

  • Lerner, M., & Almor, T. (2002). Relationships among strategic capabilities and the performance of women‐ owned small ventures. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2), 109-125.

  • Lim, B.-C., & Ployhart, R. E. (2006). Assessing the convergent and discriminant validity of goldberg’s international personality item pool: A multi-trait multimethod examination. Organisational Research Methods, 9(1), 29-54.

  • Locke, E. A. (2000). The prime movers. New York: Amacom.

  • Low, M. B., & MacMillan, I. C. (1988). Entrepreneurship: Past research and future challenges. Journal of management, 14(2), 139-161.

  • Malhotra, N. K. (2007). Marketing research: An applied orientation. New Delhi: Pearson Education.

  • Man, T. W. Y. (2012). Developing a behaviour-centred model of entrepreneurial learning. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(3), 549-566.

  • Man, T. W., Lau, T., & Chan, K. F. (2002). The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies. Journal of business venturing, 17(2), 123-142.

  • Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of multivariate squeness and kurtosis with applications,” Biometrika, 36, 519-530.

  • Meyer, G. D. (2011). The reinvention of academic entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 1-8.

  • Minniti, M., & Bygrave, W. (2001). A dynamic model of entrepreneurial learning. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 25(3), 5-5.

  • Mitchelmore, S., & Rowley, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial competencies: A literature review and development agenda. International journal of entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 16(2), 92-111.

  • Montoro-Sanchez, A., Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M., & Romero-Martinez, A. M. (2009). The decision to use alliances as corporate entrepreneurship: The role of resources and skills. Group Decision and Negotiation, 18(5), 431-448.

  • Munoz, C. A., Mosey, C. S. & Binks, M. (2011). Developing opportunity-identification capabilities in the classroom: Evidence for changing mental frames. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 10(2), 277-295.

  • Munoz-Bullon, F., & Sanchez-Bueno, M. J. (2011). Is there new evidence to show that product and international diversification influence SMEs’ performance?. EuroMed Journal of Business, 6(1), 63-76.

  • Neck, H. M., & Greene, P. G. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: known worlds and new frontiers. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 55-70.

  • Omerzel Gomezelj, D., & Kusce, I. (2013). The influence of personal and environmental factors on entrepreneurs’ performance. Kybernetes, 42(6), 906-927.

  • Pavlou, P. A., Liang, H. & Xue, Y. (2007), Understanding and mitigating uncertainty in online exchange relationships: A principal-agent relationship. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 31(1), 105-136.

  • Pittaway, L., & Cope, J. (2007). Simulating entrepreneurial learning: Integrating experiential and collaborative approaches to learning. Management learning, 38(2), 211-233.

  • Pittaway, L., & Rose, M. (2006). Learning and relationships in small firms: Introduction to the special issue.

  • International Small Business Journal, 24(3), 227-231.

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioural research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903.

  • Politis, D. (2008). Does prior start-up experience matter for entrepreneurs’ learning? A comparison between novice and habitual entrepreneurs. Journal of small business and Enterprise Development, 15(3), 472-489.

  • Rae, D., & Carswell, M. (2001). Towards a conceptual understanding of entrepreneurial learning. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 8(2), 150-158.

  • Ramos-Rodriguez, A. R., Medina-Garrido, J. A., Lorenzo-Gomez, J. D., & Ruiz-Navarro, J. (2010). What you know or who you know? The role of intellectual and social capital in opportunity recognition. International Small Business Journal, 28(6), 566-582.

  • Rasmussen, E. A., & Sorheim, R. (2006). Action-based entrepreneurship education. Technovation, 26(2), 185-194.

  • Ravasi, D., & Turati, C. (2005). Exploring entrepreneurial learning: A comparative study of technology development projects. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1), 137-164.

  • Ronstadt, R. (1990). The educated entrepreneurs: A new era of entrepreneurial education is beginning. Entrepreneurship education: Current developments, future directions, 69-88.

  • Ruskovaara, E., & Pihkala, T. (2013). Teachers implementing entrepreneurship education: Classroom practices. Education+ training, 55(2), 204-216.

  • Sanchez, A. (2010). Capitalism, violence and the state: crime, corruption and entrepreneurship in an Indian company town. Journal of Legal Anthropology, 1(2), 165-188.

  • Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13(2), 257-279.

  • Shaver, K & Scott, L. (1991) Person, process, choice: The psychology of new venture creation. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 16(2), 23-45.

  • Solomon, G. (2007). An examination of entrepreneurship education in the United States. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 14(2), 168-182.

  • Solomon, G. T., Duffy, S., & Tarabishy, A. (2002). The state of entrepreneurship education in the United States: A nationwide survey and analysis. International journal of entrepreneurship education, 1(1), 65-86.

  • Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business venturing, 22(4), 566-591.

  • Storen, L. A. (2014). Entrepreneurship in higher education. Education & Training, 56(8/9), 795-802.

  • Sullivan, A., & Margaritis, D. (2000). Public sector reform and indigenous entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 6(5), 265-275.

  • Taatila, V. P. (2010). Learning entrepreneurship in higher education. Education+ Training, 52(1), 48-61.

  • Taylor, D. W., & Thorpe, R. (2004). Entrepreneurial learning: A process of co-participation. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 11(2), 203-211.

  • Thorpe, R., Gold, J., Holt, R., & Clarke, J. (2006). Immaturity: The constraining of entrepreneurship. International Small Business Journal, 24(3), 232-250.

  • Tien, S. W., Wang, M. L., & Tsai, C. H. (2005). An evaluation of the relationship between origins of corporate competencies and business performance of Taiwan’s SMEs. Asian Journal on Quality, 6(3), 153-172.

  • Unger, J. M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of business venturing, 26(3), 341-358.

  • Van der Sluis, J., Van Praag, C. M., & Van Witteloostuijn, A. (2006). Why are the returns to education higher for entrepreneurs than for employees? Working paper. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.

  • Van Praag, C. M., & Versloot, P. H. (2007). What is the value of entrepreneurship? A review of recent research. Small Business Economics, 29(4), 351-382.

  • Von Graevenitz, G., Harhoff, D., & Weber, R. (2010). The effects of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(1), 90-112.

  • Young, J. E. (1997). Entrepreneurship education and learning for university students and practicing entrepreneurs. In Entrepreneurship 2000, ed. D. L. Sexton and R. W. Smilnor, 215-238. Chicago: Upstart Publishing Company.

  • Young, J. E., & Sexton, D. L. (1997). Entrepreneurial learning: A conceptual framework. Journal of Enterprising culture, 5(3), 223-248.

  • Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2010). The relationship of personality to entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of management, 36(2), 381-404.


Abstract Views: 459

PDF Views: 0




  • Role of Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Competencies in Improving Performance Among Women Entrepreneurs

Abstract Views: 459  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Tisha
Department of Commerce, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India

Abstract


The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial competencies and learning on performance among women entrepreneurs. Further, the study intends to explore the significant role of entrepreneurial education. Data were collected from 200 women entrepreneurs working in Jodhpur city of Rajasthan (western India) on the basis of purposive sampling. Statistical techniques like confirmatory factor analyses, structural equation modelling, and hierarchical regression were used to analyse the data. Further, reliability and validity tests were also performed. The study finds that entrepreneurial competency is indirectly related with performance through entrepreneurial learning. Furthermore, it was found that entrepreneurial education act as a moderator to improve the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and learning/performance. The study is limited to Jodhpur city only. It is one of the limited numbers of studies that have empirically addressed the role of entrepreneurial education among women entrepreneurs. This study will be helpful for women entrepreneurs in enhancing their performance through effective learning for running a successful venture. The results extend the understanding of the important role of entrepreneurial education in improving entrepreneurial learning and performance among women entrepreneurs. It further establishes the indirect relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and performance through entrepreneurial learning that creates value and competitive advantages for them.

Keywords


Entrepreneurial Competencies, Entrepreneurship Education, Women Entrepreneur, Performance.

References