Journal of Organization and Human Behaviour

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Construction and Standardization of Acculturative Stress Assessment Scale


Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The present paper focuses on the standardization of the Acculturative Stress Assessment Scale (ASAS). This scale helps to find the level of adjustment in another culture by using a specific acculturation style in migrated individuals. Acculturative stress assessment scale has total 35 items with 7 sections having 5 items each. These items were selected on the basis of experts' opinion and item analysis (correlation value). Items are scored both positively (4 to 1) and negatively (1 to 4) on 4 point scale-(Always (4), Frequently (3), Sometimes (2), and Never (1). The test-retest reliability of this scale is 0.93 (N=100) and Cronbach alpha coefficient is α=0.70 (N=300). Only those items were retained in scale with high correlation values and were internally consistent. So, the content validity of this scale was found to be high. The norms of this scale were established on 300 migrated adults. On the basis of norms it was found that high individual scores indicate preference for integrated acculturation style and experience less acculturative stress, and low scores indicate preference for marginalized acculturation style leading to feeling of acculturative stress.

Keywords

Acculturation, Acculturative Stress, Integration, Assimilation, Separation, Marginalized Acculturation Style
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Barankin, T., Kostantareas, M., & DeBosset, F. (1989). Adaptation of Soviet Jewish immigrants and their children to Toronto. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 512-518.

  • Barrette, G., Bourhis, S., Richard, Y., Personnaz, M., & Personnaz, B. (2004). Acculturation orientations of French and North African undergraduates in Paris. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28(5), 415-438.

  • Belizaire, L. S. & Fuertes, J. N. (2011). Attachment, coping, acculturative stress, and quality of life among Haitian immigrants. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(1), 89-97.

  • Berry, J. W. (1980). Acculturation varieties of adaptation. In A.M. Padilla (Ed.). Acculturation: Theory, Model, and Some New Finding, (9-25). Boulder, CO: Westview.

  • Berry, J. W. (2006). Acculturation: A conceptual overview. Acculturation and parent- child relationships: Measurement and development. 13-32. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

  • Berry, J.W., Kim, U., & Boski, M. (1988). Acculturation and mental health: A review. In P. Dasen, J.W. Berry, & Satorius (Eds.), Cross-cultural psychology and health. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

  • Berry, J.W., Kim, U., Minde, T. & Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturation stress. International Migration Review, 21, 491-511.

  • Berry, J.W., Kim, U., Power, S., Young, M., & Bujaki, M. (1989). Acculturation attitudes in plural societies. Applied Psychology, 38, 185-206.

  • Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (1998).The ecology of developmental processes. Theoretical models of human development, (5th ed., 1: Handbook of child psychology). 1. New York: Wiley.

  • Castro, V. S. (2003). Acculturation and Psychological Adaptation. Westport CT: Greenwood Press.

  • Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R., Blaine, B., & Broadnax, S. (1994). Collective self-esteem and psychological wellbeing among white, black, and Asian college students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 503-513.

  • Farver, J. A. M., Bhadha, B. R., & Narang, S. K. (2002). Acculturation and psychological functioning in Asian Indian adolescents. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 12, 113-120.

  • Ghorpade, J., Lackritz, J., & Singh, G. (2004). Psychological acculturation of ethnic minorities into white Anglo American Culture: Consequences and predictors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(6), 1208-1228.

  • Graves, T. D. (1967). Acculturation, access and alcohol in a tri-ethnic community .American Anthropologist, 69, 306-321.

  • Green, E.G.T. (2009). A multilevel analysis on public support for immigration criteria across 20 European countries. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12(1), 41-60.

  • Guinn, R., Vincent, V., Wang, L., & Villas, P. (2011). Acculturation tendencies in a border Latino popula tion. Hispanic Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 33(2), 170-183.

  • Harbour, Edwanike, C. (2009). Thirty years of racial/ethnic identity development research: An examination of Black college students racial / ethnic identity development and acculturation and how it affects their attitudes toward professional help-seeking. Dissertation Abstracts International, 70(11), 100.

  • Kang, S. M. (2006). Measurement of Acculturation, Scale Formats, and language Competence. Their implication for Adjustment. Retrieved from www.jcc.sage pub.com/cgi/content/short.

  • Kurian, G., & Ghosh, R. (1983). Child rearing in transition in Indian immigrant families in Canada. In G. Kurian & Srivastava (Eds.), Overseas Indians: A study in adaptation (128-140). New Delhi, India: Vikas.

  • Kus, L. & Ward, C. (2008). No love lost between each other-Interethnic relation in Estonia; A qualitative study. Paper presented at the XIX international Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27-31 July Germany.

  • La Fromboise, T., Coleman, H., & Gerton, J. (1993). Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 395-412.

  • Leonard-Spark, P. J., & Saran, P. (1980). The Indian immigrants in America. A demographic profile. In E. James & P. Saran (Eds.), The new ethnics: Asian Indians in the U.S. 136-162. New York, NY: Praeger.

  • Lin, E-Y. (2008). Family and social influences on identity conflict in overseas Chinese. International Journal of Intercultural relations, 32(2), 130-141.

  • Lopez, I. R., & Contreras, J. M. (2005). The best of both worlds: Biculturality, acculturation, and adjustment among young mainland puerto rican mothers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(2), 192-208.

  • Maria, C. W., & Wido, G. M. (2009). The relationship between acculturation orientations and work-related wellbeing: Differences between ethnic minority and majority employees. International Journal of Stress Management, 16(1), 1-24.

  • Masuda, M., Hasegawa, R., & Matsumoto, G. (1973). The ethnic identity questionnaire: A comparison of three Japanese age groups in Tachikawa, Japan, Honolulu, and Seattle. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 4, 229-244.

  • Nunnally, J. C. (1981). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.) New Delhi: TMH.

  • Patel, N., Power, T., & Bhavnagri, N. (1996). Socialization values and practices of Indian immigrant parents: Correlates of modernity and acculturation. Child Development, 67, 302-313.

  • Phinney, J., & Ong, A. (2002). Adolescent –parent disagreements and life satisfaction in families from Vietnamese and European American backgrounds. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(6), 556 -561.

  • Phinney, J. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: A review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499-514.

  • Phinney, J. (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure: A new scale for use with adolescents and youth adults from diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 156-176.

  • Phinney, J. S., Cantu, C. L., & Kurtz, D. A. (1997). Ethnic and American Identity as predictors of self-esteem among African American, Latino, and White adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26, 165-185.

  • Popham, W. J. (1999). Why standardized tests don’t measure educational quality. Educational Leadership, 56(6), 8–15.

  • Portnoy, R. (2007). Underemployed and satisfied: The moderating effects of immigrant status, family and acculturation style. Dissertation Abstracts International, 68 (11). (unpublished work).

  • Redfield, R., Linton, R., & Herskovits, M. J. (1936). Memorandom for the Study of Acculturation . American Anthropologist, New Series, 38(1), 149-152.

  • Sabatier, C. (2008). Ethnic and national identity among second-generation immigrant adolescent in France. The role of social context and family. Journal of Adolescent, 31(2), 185-205.

  • Salant, T., & Lauderdale, D. S. (2003). Measuring culture: A critical review of acculturation and health in Asian immigrant populations. Social Science and Medicine, 57, 71-90.

  • Sam, D. L. & Berry, J.W. (1995). Acculturative stress among young immigrants in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 36, 10-24.

  • Saran, P. (1985). The Asian Indian experience in the United States. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Press.

  • Sayegh, L., & Lasry, J. (1993). Immigrants adaption in Canada: Assimilation, acculturation and orthogonal cultural identification. Canadian Psychology, 34, 98-109.

  • Segal, U. (1991). Cultural variables in Asian Indian families. Families in Society, 72, 233-241.

  • Smith, R. S. (2008). The case of city where 1 in 6 residents is a refuse: Ecological factor and host community adaptation in successful resettlement. American Journal of Community Psycholog, 42(3-4), 328-342.

  • Tadmor, C. T., Tetlock, P. E. & Peng, K. (2009). Acculturation strategies and integrative complexity: The cognitive implication of biculturalism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(1), 105-139.

  • Telzer, E.H. (2010). Expanding the acculturation gap-distress model: An integrative review of research. Human Development, 53, 313-340.

  • Tesng, V. & Yoshikawa, H. (2008). Reconceptualizing acculturation: Ecological processes, historical context, and power inequities. Commentary for ICP special section on “The other side of acculturation: Changes Among host individuals and communities in their adaptation to immigrant populations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 42(3-4), 355-358.

  • Vang, C. (2009). The relationship among acculturation, cultural adjustment difficulties, and psychological symptoms among Hmong Americans. Dissertation Abstracts International, 70 (8), 137, DA3373887.

  • Wakil, S., Siddique, C., & Wakil, F. (1981). Between two cultures: A study in the socialization of children of immigrants. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, 929-940.

  • Ward, C. (2001). The ABC‘s of acculturation. In D Matsumoto (Ed), The handbook of culture and psychology: 411-416. New York, N Y: Oxford University Press.

  • Whitlock, J. (2007). The role of adults, public space, and power in adolescent community connectedness. Journal of Community Psychology, 35 (4), 499-518.

  • Yoon, E., Lee, R. M., & Goh, M. (2008). Acculturation, Social Connectedness, and Subjective Well- Being. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(3), 246-255.


Abstract Views: 765

PDF Views: 0




  • Construction and Standardization of Acculturative Stress Assessment Scale

Abstract Views: 765  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Khusboo
Department of Psychology, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India
Kamal Jeet Sandhu
Department of Psychology, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India

Abstract


The present paper focuses on the standardization of the Acculturative Stress Assessment Scale (ASAS). This scale helps to find the level of adjustment in another culture by using a specific acculturation style in migrated individuals. Acculturative stress assessment scale has total 35 items with 7 sections having 5 items each. These items were selected on the basis of experts' opinion and item analysis (correlation value). Items are scored both positively (4 to 1) and negatively (1 to 4) on 4 point scale-(Always (4), Frequently (3), Sometimes (2), and Never (1). The test-retest reliability of this scale is 0.93 (N=100) and Cronbach alpha coefficient is α=0.70 (N=300). Only those items were retained in scale with high correlation values and were internally consistent. So, the content validity of this scale was found to be high. The norms of this scale were established on 300 migrated adults. On the basis of norms it was found that high individual scores indicate preference for integrated acculturation style and experience less acculturative stress, and low scores indicate preference for marginalized acculturation style leading to feeling of acculturative stress.

Keywords


Acculturation, Acculturative Stress, Integration, Assimilation, Separation, Marginalized Acculturation Style

References