Journal of Organization and Human Behaviour

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Essence and Consequences of Stress in the Workplace


Affiliations
1 Invertis Institute of Management Studies, Invertis University, Bareilly, UP., India
2 Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Aarhus University., Denmark
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Stress has been a popular field of research for many researchers working in the area of psychology, organizational behavior, health and medicine. Significant amount of empirical research has been done to analyze the relationship between various individual and organizational factors with job stress, moreover the consequences of job stress has also been analyzed by researchers. In the light of available literature, this paper attempts to discuss the key concepts in the field of job stress since its inception. Further, it attempts to propose a comprehensive theoretical model which explains relationship between individual and work related sources with job stress. The present work must be valued for documenting the advances in the field of job stress, and for depicting it's interactions with some of the important individual and organizational level variables. The model proposed can provide a foundation for further empirical research.

Keywords

Antecedents And Consequences of Stress, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Stress, Job Stress
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Anton, C. (2009). The Impact of Role Stress on Workers’Behaviour through Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Psychology, 44(3). pp. 187-194.

  • Asselt Kathryn Watkins Van, Senstock Tracy D. Baldo. (2009). Influence of Counselor Spirituality and Training on Treatment Focus and Self-Perceived Competence. Journal of Counseling & Development, 87.

  • Balzer, W., Kihm, J., Smith, P., Irwin, J., Bachiochi, P., Robie, C., Sinar, E. & Parra, L. (1997). Users’ Manual for the Job Descriptive Index and the Job in General (JIG) Scales. Ohio: Bowling Green State University.

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman.

  • Bauer, T. N. & Truxillo, D. M. (2000). Temp-To-Permanent Employees: A Longitudinal Study Stress and Selection Success. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3), pp. 337-346.

  • Beehr, T. A. (1996). Basic Organizational Psychology. Allyn and Bacon.

  • Beehr, T. A., Bowling, N. A. & Bennett, M. M. (2010). Occupational Stress and Failure of Social Support: When Helping Hurts. Journal of Occupational Heath Psychology. 15(1), pp. 45-59.

  • Beehr, T. A. (1984). Stress and Coping Research: Methodological Issues. In A. S. Sethi & R. S. Schuler (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Stress Coping Strategies. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company.

  • Beehr, T. A. & Bhagat, R. S. (1985). Human Stress and Cognition in Organizations: An Integrated Perspective. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

  • Beehr, T. A. (1998). Research on Occupational Stress: An Unfinished Enterprise. Personnel Psychology, 51.

  • Beehr, T. A., Jex, S. M. & Ghosh, P. (2001). The Management of Occupational Stress. In Johnson, C. Merle, Redmon, William K., Mawhinney, Thomas C. (ed.), Handbook of Organizational Performance Behavior Analysis and Management. New York: The Haworth Press.

  • Begley, T. M. & Czajka, J. M. (1993). Panel Analysis of Moderating Effects of Commitment on Job Satisfaction, Intent to Quit, and Health Following Organizational Change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, pp. 552-556.

  • Bernardi, R. A. (2001). A Theoretical Model for the Relationship among: Stress Locus of Control, and Longevity. Business Forum, 26, (3), pp. 4.

  • Boles, J. S., Wood, J. A. & Johnson, J. (2003). Interrelationships of Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, and Work-Family Conflict with Different Facets of Job Satisfaction and the Moderating Effects of Gender. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 23(2), pp. 99-113.

  • Boswell, G. H., Kahana, E. & Anderson, P. D. (2006). Spirituality and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors: Stress Counter-Balancing Effects on the Well-Being of Older Adults. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(4).

  • Brill, P. L. (1984). The Need for An Operational Definition of Burnout. Family and Community Health. The Journal of Health Promotion & Maintenance, 6(4), pp. 12-14.

  • Brown, S. A., Venkatesh,V., Kuruzovich, J. & Massey, A. P. (2008). Expectation Confirmation: An Examination of Three Competing Models. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105, pp. 52-66.

  • Budner, S. (1962). Intolerance of Ambiguity as A Personality Variable. Journal of Personality, 30 pp.29.

  • Butterfield, E. C. (1964). Locus of Control, Test Anxiety, Reactions to Frustration, and Achievement Attitudes. Journal of Personality, 32, pp. 355-370.

  • Caligiuri, P., Phillips, J., Lazarova, M. & TariqueIbraiz, B. P. (2001). The Theory of Met Expectations Applied to Expatriate Adjustment: The Role of Cross Cultural Training. The International Journal of Human Resources Management, 12(3), pp. 357-372.

  • Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S. French, Jr. & John, R. P. (1975). Relationships of Cessation of Smoking with Job Stress, Personality and Social Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), pp. 211-219.

  • Caplan, R. D. & Jones, K. W. (1975). Effects of Work Load, Role Ambiguity, and Type A Personality on Anxiety, Depression and Heart Rate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(6), pp. 713-719.

  • Cherniss, C. (1980). Staff Burnout: Job Stress in the Human Services, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

  • Coetzer, G. H., Hanson, B. & Trimble, R. (2009). The Mediating Influence of Role Stress on the Relationship between Adult Attention Deficit and Self-Efficacy. Journal of Business and Management, 15(2), pp. 111-128.

  • Collins, K. M. & Killough, L. N. (1989). Managing Stress in Public Accounting. Journal of Accountancy, May, pp. 92-98.

  • Cordes, C. L. & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A Review and Integration of Research on Job Burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18(4), pp. 621-656.

  • Dierendonck, D. V., Schaufeli, W. B. & Bunnk, B. P. (2001). Towards a Process Model of Burnout: Results from a Secondary Analysis. European Journal of Workload and Organizational Psychology, 10(1), pp. 41-52.

  • Diestel, S. & Schmidt, K. H. (2009). Mediator and Moderator Effects of Demands on Self-Control in the Relationship between Work Load and Indicator of Job Strain. Work & Stress, 23(1), pp. 60-79.

  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchinson, S. & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), pp. 500-507.

  • Ejere, E. I. (2010). Absence from Work: A Study of Teacher Absenteeism in Selected Public Primary Schools in Uyo, Nigeria. Journal of Business and Management, 5(9), pp. 115-123.

  • Fives, H., Hamman, D. & Olivarez, A. (2007). Does Burnout Begin with Student-Teaching? Analyzing Efficacy, Burnout, and Support During the Student-Teaching Semester. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23, pp. 916-934.

  • Fleming, R., Baum, A. & Singer, J. E. (1984). Toward an Integrative Approach to the Study of Stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), pp. 939-949.

  • Folkman, S. & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An Analysis of Coping in A Middle-Aged Community Sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, pp. 219-39.

  • Giga, S. I., Jain, A. K. & Cooper, C. L. (2009). Working Longer: Hours of Work and Health, In Cary L. Cooper, Usha Goswami, Barbara J. Sahakian (Eds). Mental capital and Well Being, November. UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

  • Gillespie, N. A., Walsh, M., Winefield, A. H., Dua, J. & Stough, C. (2001). Occupational Stress in Universities: Staff Perception of the Causes, Consequences and Moderators of Stress. Work & Stress, 15(1), pp. 53-72.

  • Glazer, S. & Beehr, T. A. (2005). Consistency of Implications of Three Role Stressors across Four Countries. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, pp. 467-487.

  • Greehaus, J. H. & Parasuraman, S. (1986). A Work-Non Work Interactive Perspective of Stress and its Consequences. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 8(2), pp. 37-60.

  • Griffith, R.W., Hom, P. W. & Gaertner, S. (2000). An Eta-Analysis of Antecedents and Correlates of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Implications for the Next Millennium. Journal of Management, 26, pp. 463-488.

  • Halbesleaben, J. R. B. & Buckley, M. R. (2004). Burnout in Organizational Life. Journal of Management, 30, pp. 859. Hobfoll, S. E. (2004). Stress, Culture, and Community: The Psychology and Philosophy of Stress. Springer.

  • House, J. S. (1981). Work Stress and Social Support. M.A: Addison-Wesley, Reading.

  • Houston, D. Meyer, L. H. & Paewai, S. (2006). Academic Staff Workloads and Job Satisfaction: Expectations and Values in Academe. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 28(1), pp. 17-30.

  • Iwata, N. & Suzuki, K. (1997). Role Stress-Mental Health Relations in Japanese Bank Workers: A Moderating Effect of Social Support. Applied Psychology: An international Review, 40, pp. 207-218.

  • Jackson, S. E., Schwab, R. L. & Schuler, R. S. (1986). Toward an Understanding of The Burnout Phenomenon. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(4), pp. 630-640.

  • Jain, A. K. & Sinha, A. K. (2005). General Health in Organizations: Relevance of Emotional Intelligence, Trust and Organizational Support. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(3), pp. 257 - 273.

  • Jain, A. K. & Cooper, C. L. (2012). Stress and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours in Indian Business Process Outsourcing Organisations, IIMB Management Review. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. iimb.2012.06.004

  • Jain, A. K., Giga, S. I. & Cooper, C. L. (2009). Control, Well-Being, and Commitment. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 30(3-4), pp. 256-273.

  • Jones, B., Flynn, D. M., & Kelloway, E. K. (1995), Perceptions of Support from the Organization in Relation to Work Stress, Satisfaction, and Commitment. In Sauter, S. L., & Murphy, L.R. (Eds.), Organizational Risk Factors for Job Stress. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

  • Karakas, F. (2010). Spirituality and Performance in Organizations: A Literature Review. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(1), pp. 89-106.

  • Karasek, R.A. & Theorell T. (1990). Healthy Work. New York: Basic Books.

  • Kemery, E. R., Bedeian, A. G., Mossholder, K. W. & Touliatos, J. (1985). Outcomes of Role Stress: A Multisample Constructive Replication. Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), pp. 363-375.

  • KrannerIlse, M. F. V., Beckett, R. P. & Seal, C. E. (2010). What is Stress? Concepts, Definitions and Applications in Seed Science. New Phytologist, 188, pp. 655-673.

  • Lane, M. S. & Klenke, K. (2004). The Ambiguity Tolerance Interface: A Modified Social Cognitive Model for Leading Under Uncertainty. , 10(3), pp. 69-81.

  • Lauriola, M. & Levin, I. P. (2001). Relating Individual Differences in Attitude toward Ambiguity to Risky Choices. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 14, pp. 107-122.

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological Stress and the Coping Process. McGraw-Hill.

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1993a). From Psychological Stress to the Emotions: A History of Changing Outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, pp. 1-22.

  • Lazarus, Richard S. (1993b). Coping Theory and Research: Past, Present and Future. Psychosomatic Medicine, 55, pp. 234-247.

  • Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Coping Theory and Research: Past, Present and Future. Psychosomatic Medicine, 55, pp. 234-247.

  • Leather, P., Lawrence, C., Beale, D. & Cox, T. (1998). Exposure to Occupational Violence and Buffering Effect of Intra-Organizational Support. Work and Stress, 12, pp. 161-178.

  • Lim, N., Kim, E. K., Kim, H. & Yang, E. (2010). Individual and Work-Related Factors Influencing Burnout of Mental Health Professionals: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Employment Counseling, June, 47.

  • Litt, M. D. (1988). Cognitive Mediators of Stressful Experience: Self-Efficacy and Perceived Control. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 12(3), pp. 241-260.

  • Locke, E. A. (1969). What is Job Satisfaction? Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 4(4), pp. 309-336.

  • Long, B. C., Kahn, S. E. & Schutz, R. W. (1992). Causal Model of Stress and Coping: Women in Management. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39(2), pp. 227-239.

  • Love, P. & Talbot, D. (1999). Defining Spiritual Development: A Missing Consideration for Student Affairs. NASPA Journal, 37(1).

  • Luthans, F. (1995). Organizational Behavior, (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

  • Mark, L. F., Jonathan, M. & Gregory, S. K. (2003). Eustress, Distress, and Interpretation in Occupational Stress. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(7), pp.726-744.

  • Maslach, C. & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The Measurement of Experienced Burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2. pp. 99 - 113.

  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), pp. 397-422.

  • McCormick, M. J. (2001). Self-Efficacy and Leadership Effectiveness: Applying Social Cognitive Theory to Leadership. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 8, pp. 22-33.

  • Meyer, J. P. & Allen, N. J. (1991). A Three Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resources Management Review, 1, pp. 61-89.

  • Motowidlo, S. J., Packard, J. S. & Manning, M. R. (1986). Occupational Stress: Its Causes and Consequences for Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(4), pp. 618-629.

  • Mowday, R., Porter, L. & Steers, R. (1982). Employee- Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover. New York: Academic Press.

  • Musgrave, C. F., Allen, C. E. & Allen, G. J. (2002). Spirituality and Health for Women of Color. American Journal of Public Health, 92, pp. 557-560.

  • Myers, J. E. & Williard, K. (2003). Integrating Spirituality Into Counsellor Preparation: A Developmental Wellness Approach. Counselling and Values, 47.

  • Nagar, K. (2012). Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction among Teachers during Times of Burnout. Vikalpa, 37(2).

  • Narayanasamy, A. (1999). A Review of Spirituality as Applied to Nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 36, pp. 117-125.

  • Nelson, D. L. & Quick, J. C. (1985). Professional Women: Are Distress and Disease Inevitable? Academy of Management Review, 10(2), pp. 206-218.

  • Ongori, H. & Agolla, J. E. (2008). Occupational Stress in Organizations and its Effects on Organizational Performance. Journal of Management Research, 8(3), pp. 123-135.

  • Parasuraman, S., Greenhaus, J. H. & Granrose, C. S. (1992). Role Stressors, Social Support, and Well Being among Two Career Couples. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, pp. 339-356.

  • Pestonjee, D. M. (1999). Stress and Coping: The Indian Experience (pp. 17). New Delhi: Sage Publications. Phares, J. E. (1976). Locus of Control in Personality, General Learning Press.

  • Powers, D. V., Cramer, R. J. & Grubka, J. M. (2007). Spirituality, Life Stress, and Affective Well-Being. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 35(3), pp. 235-243.

  • Rajendran, D. & Theiler, S. (2012). Spirituality at Work: An Employee Stress Intervention for Academics? International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(11).

  • Rajrajeshwari, S. (2010). Role Stress among The Aided and Self Financing College Teachers: A Discriminant Analysis. Global Management Review. 4(4). pp. 73-86.

  • Rehman, M. S. & Waheed, A. (2011). An Empirical Study of Impact of Job Satisfaction on Job Performance in the Public Sector Organizations. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 2(9), pp. 167-181.

  • Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J. & Lirtzman, S. I., (1970). Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), pp. 150-163.

  • Rogers, R. E. (1977). Components of Organizational Stress among Canadian Managers. The Journal of Psychology. 95, pp. 265-273.

  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized Expectancies for Interval Versus External Control of Reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(1), pp. 1-28.

  • Sackey, J. & Sanda, M. A. (2009). Influence of Occupational Stress on the Mental Health of Ghanaian Professional Women. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39(5), pp. 867-887.

  • Schaubroeck, J. & Merritt, D. E. (1997). Divergent Effects of Job Control on Coping with Work Stressors: The Key Role of Self-Efficacy. Academy of Management Journal, 40(3), pp. 738-754.

  • Schaufeli, W. B. & Buunk, B. P. (2002). Burnout: An Overview of 25 Years of Research and Theorizing. In Schabracq Marc J., Winnubst Jacques A. M., Cooper Cary L. (ed.), The Hanbook of Work and Health Psychology, (2nd Ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

  • Schwarzer, R. & Hallum, S. (2008). Perceived Teacher Self- Efficacy as a Predictor of Job Stress and Burnout: Mediation Analyses. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, pp. 152-171.

  • Selye, H. (1936). A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents. Nature, 138, 32.

  • Selye, H. (1956). The Stress of Life. New York: McGraw-Hill.

  • Sethi, V., King, R. C. & Quick, J. C. (2004). What Causes Stress in Information System Professional? Communications of the ACM, 47(3).

  • Slavin, L. A., Rainer, K. L., McCreary, M. L. & Gowda, K. K. (1991). Towards a Multicultural Model of the Stress Process. Journal of Counselling & Development, 70.

  • Smith, C. A. & Lazarus, R. S. (1990). Emotion and Adaptation. In Pervin, L. A., (Ed), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (pp. 609-637). New York: Guilford.

  • Sonnentag, S. & Frese, M. (2003). Stress in Organisations. In W. C. Borman, D. R.

  • Srivastava, A. K. (1999). Management of Occupational Stress (pp. 12). New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House.

  • Srivastava, S. (2009). Locus of Control as a Moderator for Relationship between Organizational Role Stress and Managerial Effectiveness. Vision-The Journal of Business Perspective, 13(4).

  • Tang, C. S. K., Tung, A. U. W., Schwarzer, R. & Schmits, G. (2001). Mental Health Outcomes of Job Stress among Chinese Teachers: Role of Stress Resource Factors and Burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, pp. 887-901.

  • Tella, A., Ayeni, C. O. & Poppoola, S. O. (2007). Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment of Library Personnel in Academic and Research Libraries in Oyo State. Library Philosophy and Practice. April.

  • Tsutsumi, A., Kayaba, K., Kario, K. & Ishikawa, S. (2009). Prospective Study on Occupational Stress and Risk of Stroke. Arch Intern Med., 169(1), pp. 56-61.

  • Ussahawanitchakit, P. (2008). Building Job Satisfaction of Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in Thailand: Effects of Role stress through Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, and Role Overload. Journal of Academy of Business and Economics, 8(2), pp. 12-22.

  • Van, A. K. W. & Baldo, S. T. D. (2009). Influence of Counselor Spirituality and Training on Treatment Focus and Self-Perceived Competence. Journal of Counselling & Development, 87.

  • Vegchel, N. V., Jonge, J. D. & Landsbergis, P. A. (2005). Occupational Stress in (Inter)Action: The Interplay between Job Demands and Job Resources. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, pp. 535-560.

  • Wanous, J. P., Poland, T. D., Premack, S. L. & Davis, S. (1992). The Effects of Met Expectations on Newcomer Attitudes and Behaviors: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(3), pp. 288-297.

  • Williams, E. S., Konrad, T. R., Scheckler, W. E., Pathman, D. E., Linzer, M., McMurry, J., Gerrity, M. & Schwartz, M. (2000). The Effects of Job Satisfaction and Perceived Stress on the Physical and Mental Health and Withdraw Intentions of Physicians. Academy of Management Proceedings, HCM: C1.

  • Wright, J. (2007). Stress in the Workplace: A Coaching Approach. Work, 28(3), pp. 279-284.


Abstract Views: 632

PDF Views: 0




  • Essence and Consequences of Stress in the Workplace

Abstract Views: 632  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Suneel Kumar
Invertis Institute of Management Studies, Invertis University, Bareilly, UP., India
Ajay K. Jain
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Aarhus University., Denmark

Abstract


Stress has been a popular field of research for many researchers working in the area of psychology, organizational behavior, health and medicine. Significant amount of empirical research has been done to analyze the relationship between various individual and organizational factors with job stress, moreover the consequences of job stress has also been analyzed by researchers. In the light of available literature, this paper attempts to discuss the key concepts in the field of job stress since its inception. Further, it attempts to propose a comprehensive theoretical model which explains relationship between individual and work related sources with job stress. The present work must be valued for documenting the advances in the field of job stress, and for depicting it's interactions with some of the important individual and organizational level variables. The model proposed can provide a foundation for further empirical research.

Keywords


Antecedents And Consequences of Stress, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Stress, Job Stress

References