Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Prediction of Apical Extent Using Ensemble Machine Learning Technique in the Root Canal through Biomechanical Preparation: In-vitro Study


Affiliations
1 System Dynamics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453 552, India
2 Solid Mechanics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore Madhya Pradesh-453 552, India
3 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Science and Hospital Rau, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453 331, India
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh- 482005, India
 

This work aims to evaluate the dimensions of the apical extent after preflaring with the primary treatment and retreatment on human extracted teeth during endodontic treatment with the help of an ensemble machine learning model. The endodontic file ensures this procedure. It is a medical instrument utilized to eliminate the debris and smear layer as a pulp from the root canal during root canal treatment (RCT). Inadequate biomechanical RCT preparation frequently leads to post-operative apical periodontitis. This results in severe gum inflammation that harms the soft tissues, if left untreated, may harm the bones of the root canals supporting teeth. Therefore, to obtain the proper RCT instrumentation and endodontic treatment, the dimension of the apical extent has been analyzed using a machine learning model in this work. For this study, digital intraoral radiographic images have been recorded with the help of the Kodak Carestream Dental RVG sensor (RVG 5200). The RVG sensor is directly coupled with the CS imaging software (Carestream Dental LLC, NY) to acquire radiographs. Furthermore, the recorded images have been used to measure the dimensions of apical length. The machine learning ensemble classifiers are used in this study to classify the apical condition, such as apical extent, beyond the apical, and up to apical or perfectly RCT. The ensemble bagged, boosted, and RUSboosted trees classifiers are used in this analysis. The maximum accuracy obtained through the ensemble bagged trees model is 94.2 %, the highest among the models. The machine learning approaches can improve the treatment practice, improve RCT results, and provide a suitable decision support system.

Keywords

Root Canal Treatment, Endodontics, Radiographic Analysis, Apical Extent, Machine Learning.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Hulsmann M, Peters O A & Dummer P M H, Endod Top, 10 (2005) 30.

  • Peters L B, Wesselink P R, Buijs J F & Winkelhoff A J V, J Endod, 27 (2001) 76.

  • Metzger Z, Teperovich E, Cohen R, Zary R, Paqué F & Hülsmann M, J Endod, 36 (2010) 697.

  • Thakur V S, Kankar P K, Parey A, Jain A & Jain P K, Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H J Eng Med, 236 (2022) 329.

  • McGuigan M B, Louca C & Duncan H F, Br Dent J, 214 (2013) 341.

  • Taubman M & Spielman A I, J Dent Res, 86 (2007) 922.

  • Nayak A, Kankar P K, Jain P K & Jain N, Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H J Eng Med, 233 (2019) 839.

  • Ibelli G S, Barroso J M, Capelli A, Spanó J C E & Pécora J D, Braz Dent J, 18 (2007) 102.

  • Gesi A, Mareschi P, Doldo T & Ferrari M, Int J Dent, 2014 (2014) 4.

  • Kumar A R P, Shemesh H, Loveren C V, Latha S J, Shireen F, Bharathi R V & Kishen A, Int Endod J, 52 (2019) 1283.

  • Hung M, Voss M W, Rosales M N, Li W, Su W, Xu J, Bounsanga J, Ruiz-Negrón B, Lauren E & Licari F W, Gerodontology, 36 (2019) 395.

  • Boreak N, J Contemp Dent Pract, 21 (2020) 926.

  • Thakur V S, Kankar P K, Parey A, Jain A & Jain P K, Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H J Eng Med, 236 (2022) 121.

  • Garg A G N, Textbook of ENDODONTICS 3rd Edn, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, 2014.

  • Molina B, Glickman G, Vandrangi P & Khakpour M, J Endod, 41 (2015) 1701.

  • Schäfer E, Irrigation of the root canal, Endod Pract Today, 1 (2019) 11.

  • Cohen B R S, Pathways of the Pulp, 6th Edn., Mosby-Year Book, 1987.

  • Harikrishnan P, J Hand Microsurg, 8 (2016) 181.

  • Ilić D V & Stojanović L S, Vojnosanit Pregl, 69 (2012) 81.

  • Shan J, Tucker A W, Gaalaas L R, Wu G, Platin E, Mol A, Lu J & Zhou O, Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 44 (2015) 1.

  • Yoshiura K, Nakayama E, Shimizu M, Goto T K, Chikui T, Kawazu T, Okamura K, Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 34 (2005) 140.

  • Kumar A, Parey A & Kankar P K, Indian J Pure Appl Phys, 60 (2022) 339.

  • Mörch C M, Atsu S, Cai W, Li X, Madathil S A, Liu X, Mai V, Tamimi F, Dilhac M A & Ducret M, J Dent Res, 100 (2021) 1452.

  • Qu Y, Lin Z, Yang Z, Lin H, Huang X & Gu L, J Dent, 118 (2022) 103947.

  • Nayak A, Kankar P K, Jain N & Jain P K, J Dent Sci, 13 (2018) 184.

  • Sharma S, Rajkumar V, Sarin S, Sarin S, Chugh C S & Harmeet K, HECS Int J Commun Heal Med Res, 3 (2017) 89.

  • Grossman D D S, Oral Med Oral Pathol, 28 (1969) 746.

  • Nair P N R, Sjögren U, Krey G, Kahnberg K E & Sundqvist G, J Endod, 16 (1990) 580.


Abstract Views: 130

PDF Views: 103




  • Prediction of Apical Extent Using Ensemble Machine Learning Technique in the Root Canal through Biomechanical Preparation: In-vitro Study

Abstract Views: 130  |  PDF Views: 103

Authors

Vinod Singh Thakur
System Dynamics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453 552, India
Pavan Kumar Kankar
System Dynamics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453 552, India
Anand Parey
Solid Mechanics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore Madhya Pradesh-453 552, India
Arpit Jain
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Science and Hospital Rau, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453 331, India
Prashant Kumar Jain
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh- 482005, India

Abstract


This work aims to evaluate the dimensions of the apical extent after preflaring with the primary treatment and retreatment on human extracted teeth during endodontic treatment with the help of an ensemble machine learning model. The endodontic file ensures this procedure. It is a medical instrument utilized to eliminate the debris and smear layer as a pulp from the root canal during root canal treatment (RCT). Inadequate biomechanical RCT preparation frequently leads to post-operative apical periodontitis. This results in severe gum inflammation that harms the soft tissues, if left untreated, may harm the bones of the root canals supporting teeth. Therefore, to obtain the proper RCT instrumentation and endodontic treatment, the dimension of the apical extent has been analyzed using a machine learning model in this work. For this study, digital intraoral radiographic images have been recorded with the help of the Kodak Carestream Dental RVG sensor (RVG 5200). The RVG sensor is directly coupled with the CS imaging software (Carestream Dental LLC, NY) to acquire radiographs. Furthermore, the recorded images have been used to measure the dimensions of apical length. The machine learning ensemble classifiers are used in this study to classify the apical condition, such as apical extent, beyond the apical, and up to apical or perfectly RCT. The ensemble bagged, boosted, and RUSboosted trees classifiers are used in this analysis. The maximum accuracy obtained through the ensemble bagged trees model is 94.2 %, the highest among the models. The machine learning approaches can improve the treatment practice, improve RCT results, and provide a suitable decision support system.

Keywords


Root Canal Treatment, Endodontics, Radiographic Analysis, Apical Extent, Machine Learning.

References