Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Estimation of Uranium and Related Health Risks Due to Consumption of Groundwater in Lower Himalayas


Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, G T Road Bye Pass, Jalandhar, Punjab 144 027, India
2 Nuclear Physics Division, Department of Physics, KTH- The Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
 

Exposure to uranium via ingestion of edible products may lead to serious health hazards when taken in quantities more than recommended limit. Hence, to assess the uranium content in groundwater and concerned health hazards 64 groundwater samples were collected from Hamirpur and Mandi districts of Himachal Pradesh. The samples were collected in pre monsoon season from the handpumps and bowries. The region lies in Lower Himalayan range which is storehouse of various granatic rocks. Presence of uranium deposits in Tileli (Mandi), Rajpura (Una), Lambehra (Hamirpur) makes the area more vulnerable for the study. The groundwater samples were analysed to measure concentration of uranium using LED Fluorimeter developed by Quantalase Private. Limited. The uranium concentration in groundwater samples varied from 0.25 to 17.29 µg L-1, with an average value of 1.97. Uranium concentration in none of the samples surpassed the limit of 30µg L-1 recommended by WHO(2011), 60µg L-1 set by AERB(2004). Health risks were estimated in terms radiological and chemical toxicity for different isotopes of uranium. The calculated average mortality and morbidity risks were lower than the actual prescribed limit. The average Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) was calculated as 0.04 and Hazard Quotient (HQ) below unity. Annual ingestion doses for different age groups were also measured which lies under safe limit. Thus, it is recommended that the groundwater is safe for consumption by public. Using Hair Compartment Model for uranium and mean daily uranium intake of 2.71µg for 60-year exposure period, organ specific doses due to uranium radioisotopes in prime organs/tissues and excretion rates via urine, faeces and hair pathway are estimated.

Keywords

Chemical Toxicity, Hair Compartment Model, Hazard Quotient, LED Fluorimeter, Lifetime Average Daily Dose, Radiological Toxicity.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Berlin M & Rudell B, Elsevier Science Publishers, 2nd Edn, Amsterdam, (1986) 623

  • Sasaki T, Koukami T, Kobayashi T, Kirishima A, Murakami H, Amano Y, Takashi Mizuno T, Iwatsuki T, Sasamoto H & Miyakawa K, J Nucl Sci Technol, 54 (2017) 373.

  • Arti & Mehra R, Environ Monit Assess, 195 (2023) 554.

  • Pandit P, Saini A, Chidambaram S, Kumar V, B,Ramanathan A L, Sahu N, Singh A K & Mehra R, Sci Rep, 12 (2022) 2286.

  • Chandershekhar T, Sabarathinam C, Viswanathan P M, Rajendiren T, Mathivanan M, Natesan D & Samayamanthula D R, Appl Water Sci, 11 (2021) 75.

  • Diwan V, Sar S S, Biswas S, Dewangan R & Baghel T, J Radioanal Nucl Chem, (2019). doi: 101007/s10967-019-06568-9.

  • Kale A, Bandela N & Kulkarni J, J Radioanal Nucl Chem, 323 (2019) 151.

  • Saini K, Singh P & Bajwa B S, Appl Radiat Isot, 118 (2016) 196.

  • Sharma M, Sharma Y C, Basu B & Chhabra J, Curr Sci, 17 (2000) 273.

  • Tripathi R M, Sahoo S K, Mahopatra S, Lenka P, Dubey J S & Puranik V D, J Radioanal Nucl Chem, 295 (2012) 1195.

  • Jakhu R, Mehra R & Mittal H M, Environ Sci Process Impacts, (2016). doi: 101039/C6EM00514D.

  • Kaur S & Mehra R, Environ Geochem Health, (2018). doi: 101007/s10653-018-01624(0123456789.

  • Stalder E, Blanc A, Haldimann M, Dudler V, Chemosphere, 86 (2011) 672.

  • Kurttio P, Auvinen A, Salonen L, Saha H, Pekkanen J, Mäkeläinen I, Väisänen B S, Penttilä I M & Komulainen H, Environ Health Perspect, 110 (2002) 337.

  • Sam K, Obaid F, Nickolette R, Franco S, Sharon W, Lisa I, Fernando L, Daneil P, David W & Gary D, Toxicological Profile of Uranium, Atlanta (GA): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US); 2013.

  • Kurttio P, Komulainen H, Leino A, Salonen L, Auvinen A & Saha H, Environ Health J, (2005).

  • Leggett R W & Harrison, J D, Health Phys, 68 (1995) 484.

  • Smedley P L, Smith, B, Abesser C & Lapworth D, British Geological Survey Groundwater Systems & Water Quality Programme Commissioned Report CR/06/050 British Geological Survey, Keyworth: Nottigham, (2006).

  • Vandenhove H, Hurtgen C & Payne T, Radionuclides in the environment: Uranium West Sussex: Wiley, (2010).

  • Li W B, Karpas Z, Salonen L, Kurttio P, Muikku M & Wahl W, Health Phys, (2009).

  • Ganassar A, Geology of Himalayas, Wiley and Blackwell Publications, (1964).

  • Central ground water board, Ground water information booklet Hamirpur, (2013).

  • Central ground water board, Ground water information booklet Mandi, (2013)

  • Report on Geology and mineral resources of Himachal Pradesh, (2012)

  • Sharma M, Sharma Y C, Basu B & Chhabra J, Curr Sci, 17 (2000) 273.

  • Survey document of District Mandi, Geological wing, Himachal Pradesh,Study on drainage system, mineral potential and feasilbility of mining in river/stream beds of district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, Government of Himachal Pradesh, (2017).

  • WHO, Guidelines for drinking water quality, 4th Edn, World health organization, Geneva, 1 (2011).

  • AERB, DAE, Drinking water specification in India, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai, (2004).

  • USEPA Draft guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment, Washington, (1999).

  • Shin D C, Kim Y S, Moon J Y, Park H S, Kim J Y & Park S K, J Environ Toxicol 17 (2000) 273.

  • ICRP Compendium of dose coefficients based on ICRP Publication 60 ICRP Publications, Ann ICRP 41 (Suppl), 119 (2012).


Abstract Views: 117

PDF Views: 90




  • Estimation of Uranium and Related Health Risks Due to Consumption of Groundwater in Lower Himalayas

Abstract Views: 117  |  PDF Views: 90

Authors

Abhishek
Department of Physics, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, G T Road Bye Pass, Jalandhar, Punjab 144 027, India
Sarabjot Kaur
Nuclear Physics Division, Department of Physics, KTH- The Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
Rohit Mehra
Department of Physics, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, G T Road Bye Pass, Jalandhar, Punjab 144 027, India

Abstract


Exposure to uranium via ingestion of edible products may lead to serious health hazards when taken in quantities more than recommended limit. Hence, to assess the uranium content in groundwater and concerned health hazards 64 groundwater samples were collected from Hamirpur and Mandi districts of Himachal Pradesh. The samples were collected in pre monsoon season from the handpumps and bowries. The region lies in Lower Himalayan range which is storehouse of various granatic rocks. Presence of uranium deposits in Tileli (Mandi), Rajpura (Una), Lambehra (Hamirpur) makes the area more vulnerable for the study. The groundwater samples were analysed to measure concentration of uranium using LED Fluorimeter developed by Quantalase Private. Limited. The uranium concentration in groundwater samples varied from 0.25 to 17.29 µg L-1, with an average value of 1.97. Uranium concentration in none of the samples surpassed the limit of 30µg L-1 recommended by WHO(2011), 60µg L-1 set by AERB(2004). Health risks were estimated in terms radiological and chemical toxicity for different isotopes of uranium. The calculated average mortality and morbidity risks were lower than the actual prescribed limit. The average Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) was calculated as 0.04 and Hazard Quotient (HQ) below unity. Annual ingestion doses for different age groups were also measured which lies under safe limit. Thus, it is recommended that the groundwater is safe for consumption by public. Using Hair Compartment Model for uranium and mean daily uranium intake of 2.71µg for 60-year exposure period, organ specific doses due to uranium radioisotopes in prime organs/tissues and excretion rates via urine, faeces and hair pathway are estimated.

Keywords


Chemical Toxicity, Hair Compartment Model, Hazard Quotient, LED Fluorimeter, Lifetime Average Daily Dose, Radiological Toxicity.

References