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Sustaining Development Through Social Capital Among Tribes:Analysing State-Civil Society Interaction in Inclusive Governance
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State-civil society interaction can be a promoter of development. ‘The norms of cooperation and a network of civic engagement among citizens can be promoted by state institutions and used for developmental ends’.1 This argument is related to the two contemporary theories of development (state-led development) and social capital (civil society–centred development). ‘The developmental state perspective argues that the autonomous developmental oriented state with competent bureaucracy and weak civil society is responsible for a high level of economic and social development within a short span of time in countries like China and South East Asian countries’.2
The developmentally orientated political elite in these countries choose authoritarian political management to achieve superior performance and thereby legitimacy. The leadership in China and South East Asia is repressive (i.e. it forms its individual set of laws in the concentration of the mass) and compassionate (i.e. had the purpose of doing utmost welfare of citizens). The majority of the society realistically anticipates from an egalitarian approach to be translucent, ordered and decision-making, which will be comprehensive, liable and endow with realistic constant and permissible outcomes for sustainable development, which stay beneath check.
In case of India, it can be analysed that India’s democratic institutions were meticulously build over long years of the national movement for independence, with a distant-sighted idea and a contemporary, secular worldview, which was an attempt has been made to construct structures that would poise each other and give justice to tribal community, within this worldview which were comprised not only the legislature, executive and judiciary, but also an assortment of independent commissions and tribunals and media institutions. In accumulation, a range was provided for the execution of citizens and civil society groups and democratic people’s movements. For over three decades, inclusive governance comprises these two institutions that have survived as a framework within which tribal population is moving towards development. Hence, this paper attempts to study the sustenance of development vis-à-vis social capital and its various dimensions. It also looks into the initiatives taken economically, politically, and socially by Civil Society Organisations, which bring tribal community people together.
Keywords
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