![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_open_medium.gif)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_restricted_medium.gif)
Comparative Analysis of India, China, the United States, and the United Kingdom : Rising Leadership of India in Climate Change (1750 – 2020)
Subscribe/Renew Journal
This paper is a comparative study of 270 years (1750 – 2020) highlighting the impact of India, China, the United States, and the United Kingdom on the environment by assessing these countries on six parameters of cumulative CO2 emissions, production and consumption of CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions per unit, annual CO2 emissions, energy intensity, and share of these countries in global CO2 emissions. Further, the study showed, via empirical estimation of time series data by forming a linear regression model and using advanced statistical software, that even though India is developing at a fast pace, its income (GDP) elasticity of CO2 emissions is significantly low compared to other developing Asian countries (China) and developed economies (the United States and the United Kingdom), which grew at the cost of the environment. Henceforth, this paper provided an in-depth analysis of the sustainable ancient practices followed in India and discussed modern India’s pioneering policies, programs, and its transition from a linear to a circular economy to promote green economic growth and development, hence showing a path to the world to promote GDP without adverse impact on the climate and peaceful co-existence of humans and all other species on the planet.
Keywords
Sustainable Development, Environment-Friendly Practices, Positive Externalities.
JEL Classification Codes : Q2, Q3, Q5
Paper Submission Date : January 15, 2022 ; Paper sent back for Revision : May 24, 2022 ; Paper Acceptance Date : September 5, 2022 ; Paper Published Online : September 15, 2022
User
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
Font Size
Information
- Accenture Strategy. (2015, September 2015). The circular economy could unlock $4.5 trillion of economic growth, finds new book by Accenture. https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/the-circular-economy-could-unlock-4-5-trillion-of-economic-growth-finds-new-book-by-accenture.htm
- Batham, T. (2013). Building pillars of sustainability: An empirical investigation. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 6(8), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2013/v6i8/60021
- Bijli Bachao. (2022, September 5). Best dishwashers in India in 2022. https://www.bijlibachao.com/appliances/best-dishwasher-brand-models-ifb-boschsamsung-siemens-lg-prices-and-their-electricity-consumption-in-india.html
- Chauhan, S., Raghuram, S., & Aryan, I. (2022, March 10). Putting India on an accelerated path to build a circular economy. Business Today.In. https://www.businesstoday.in/opinion/columns/story/putting-india-on-an-accelerated-path-to-build-a-circular-economy-325489-2022-03-10
- Clark, D. (2011, April 21). Which nations are most responsible for climate change? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/apr/21/countries-responsibleclimate-change
- Cohen, B., & Winn, M. I. (2007). Market imperfections, opportunity and sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.12.001
- Coulson - Thomas, C. (2017). Theme paper. In, Singapore Global Convention on Corporate Ethics and Risk Management. https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/18168/7/18168%20COULSON-THOMAS_Singapore_GC_Theme%20Paper_2017.pdf
- Coulson-Thomas, C. (2012). Transforming public services… a quicker and more affordable route to high performance public organisations. Policy Publications. https://www.adaptation.ltd/transforming-public-services-a-quicker-and-affordable-route-to-high-performance-public-organisations/
- Dutta, S. (2015). Carbon credit and its relevance in the present scenario: A study from the Indian perspective. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 8(8), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2015/v8i8/75057
- Edenhofer, O. (2014). Climate change in 2014: Mitigation of climate change. Cambridge Press University.
- Evans, S. (2021, October 5). Analysis: Which countries are historically responsible for climate change? Carbon Brief: Clear on Climate. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-which-countries-are-historically-responsible-for-climate-change/
- FAO. (2013). Food wastage footprint impact on natural resources. https://www.fao.org/3/i3347e/i3347e.pdf
- FICCI. (2018). Accelerating India's circular economic shift. https://ficcices.in/pdf/FICCI-Accenture_Circular%20Economy%20Report_OptVer.pdf
- Gangadharan, S. (2021, November 10). How India's eco-entrepreneurs are leading the sustainable business charge. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/sap/2021/11/10/how-indias-eco-entrepreneurs-are-leading-the-sustainable-business-charge/?sh=6d2bdd4974eb
- Ge, M., Friedrich, J., & Damassa, T. (2014, November 25). 6 graphs explain the world's top 10 emitters. World Resources Institute. https://www.wri.org/insights/6-graphs-explain-worlds-top-10-emitters
- Global Change.gov. (n.d.). What's happening & why. https://www.globalchange.gov/climate-change/whats-happening-why
- How Indus Valley Civilization coped with climate change. (2017, January 30). The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/How-Indus-Valley-Civilisation-coped-with-climate-change/article17116673.ece
- Industrial revolution means UK has moral responsibility to lead on climate change, Michael Gove says. (2020, February 12). Carbon Brief, Clear on Climate. https://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/industrial-revolution-means-uk-has-moralresponsibility-to-lead-on-climate-change-michael-gove-says
- International Energy Agency. (2014). CO2 emissions from fuel combustion-highlights. France. https://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/04/CO2EmissionsFromFuelCombustionHighlights2014.pdf
- Kramer, K. (2021). Counting the cost 2021: A year of climate breakdown. Christian Aid. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/2429554/counting-the-cost-2021-a-year-of-climate-breakdown/3451146/
- McCarthy, J. (2021, April 14). India is poised to become a global climate leader. Here's how it can succeed. Global Citizen. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/india-climate-action-paris-climate-agreement/
- Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change. (2017). Climate friendly lifestyle practices in India. Government of India. http://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Lifestyle-Brochure_web_reordered.pdf
- Mooney, C. (2015, January 22). The U.S. has caused more global warming than any other country. Here's how the Earth will get its revenge. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2015/01/22/the-u-s-has-contributed-more-to-global-warming-than-any-other-country-heres-how-the-earth-will-get-its-revenge/
- Netburn, D. (2019, December 3). Q&A: Carbon emissions will reach record high in 2019, thanks to the burning of fossil fuels. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-12-03/carbon-dioxide-emissions-fossil-fuels-record-high-2019
- Our World in Data. (n.d.a). CO2 emissions. https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions
- Our World in Data. (n.d.b). Energy intensity. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/energy-intensity
- Prasadh, R. R., & Suresh, J. (2016). Green affinity: Evaluating the perceptions of youth on climate change and renewable energy. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 9(9), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2016/v9i9/101503
- Puri, H. S. (2019, July 24). India emerges global leader in fight against the climate change. Mint. https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/opinion-india-emerges-global-leader-in-fight-against-the-climate-change-1563909701055.html
- Rathi, A. (2019, May 4). The country behind the first industrial revolution is reckoning with the problem it created. Quartz. https://qz.com/1611713/uk-reckons-with-climate-change-role-in-industrial-revolution/
- Reid, M. V., & Goldemberg, J. (1988). Developing countries are combating climate change: Actions in developing countries that slow growth in carbon emissions. Energy Policy, 26(3), 233 – 237.
- Renugadevi, R. (2012). Environmental ethics in the Hindu Vedas and Puranas in India. African Journal of History and Culture, 4(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJHC11.042
- Sims R., Schaeffer, R., Creutzig, F., Cruz-Núñez, X., D'Agosto, M., Dimitriu, D., Figueroa Meza, M. J., Fulton, L., Kobayashi, S., Lah, O., McKinnon, A. Newman, P., Ouyang, M., Schauer, J.J., Sperling, D., & Tiwari, G. (2014). Transport. In, O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. Von Stechow, T. Zwickel, & J.C. Minx (eds.), Climate change 2014: Mitigation of climate change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.
- Singh, H. (n.d.). Environmental protection and religious and cultural heritage in India. In, Role of religion in environment. https://www.srcc.edu/sites/default/files/Role%20of%20religion%20in%20Environment-Unit%20VII-AECC-EVS-Harvinder%20Singh.pdf
- Timperley, J. (2020, June 19). Who is really to blame for climate change? BBC Future. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200618-climate-change-who-is-to-blame-and-why-does-it-matter
- Tiwari, G., & Jain, D. (2013). Promoting low carbon transport in India: NMT infrastructure in India. Investment, policy and design. http://airqualityandmobility.org/lowCarbon/PDFs/NMTInfrastructure_India.pdf
- World Environment Day: A look at the history of the sustainable architecture in ancient India. (2021, June 3). Financial Express. https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/science/world-environment-day-a-look-at-the-history-of-sustainable-architecture-in-ancient-india/2264327/
- Wuebbles, D.J., Fahey, D.W., Hibbard, K. A., DeAngelo, B., Doherty, S., Hayhoe, K., Horton, R., Kossin, J. P., Taylor, P. C., Waple, A.M., & Weaver, C.P. (2017). Executive summary. In, Climate science special report: Fourth national climate assessment (Volume I, pp. 12 – 34). U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA. DOI: 10.7930/J0DJ5CTG
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/abstractview.png)
Abstract Views: 184
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/pdfview.png)
PDF Views: 0