Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Efficiency of Antiscalants in Industrial Cooling Water Systems


Affiliations
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, VFSTR, Vadlamudi, Dist.: Guntur (A.P.), India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


In many industrial operations formation of deposits on heat exchanger surfaces and other cooling systems is a persistent problem. These deposits contain mineral scales (CaCO3, CaSO4, Ca3 (PO4)2, CaF2 etc.), corrosion products (Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Cuo etc.), particulate matter (clay, silt etc.) and microbiological mass. Deposition of these materials on heat exchange surfaces lead to loss of system efficiency, overheating, unscheduled shutdown and ultimately failure of heat exchangers. In cooling and boiler water systems, these deposits normally accumulate in low circulation areas and may become immobilized during upset conditions resulting in buildup of deposits on heat exchangers. An effective cooling water treatment must control scale, particulate matter and corrosion. Over the years, a variety of antiscaling agents have evolved including acid/chromate, zinc/chromate, stabilized phosphonate, phosphate/zinc/polymer and all organic. Phosphonates are excellent calcium carbonate inhibitors or antiscalants which reduce the scale formation in cooling water systems. Determination of efficiency of these antiscalants is also important before using them. Techniques (Boffardi, ONGC) presently used for determining their efficiency do not provide consistent results, these methods are time consuming and also difficult to execute. Industries are facing problem in finding the optimum dosage ofantiscalant in cooling water systemswith a peculiar composition. So, a technique based on the theoretical considerations has been given herein, which produces consistent results in an easy way and requires less time to perform using cooling system water.

Keywords

Antiscalant, Cooling System, TSOP, SHMP, STP, Turbidity.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Hsin-Hung O,Jien-Lein H. A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation on an Antiscalant for the Open-Loop Cooling Water System. China Steel Technical Report. 2014; 27: 50-56.

  • Kirboga S,Oner M. Effect of the Experimental Parameters on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation. Chemical Engineering Transactions.2007; 32: 2119-2124.

  • Warade AR. Surface Water Treatment Using Ultrafiltration. Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2010; 1(1): 27-30.

  • Shanmukha Prasad G, Subramanian VK, Palanisamy K. Synergistic Effect of EDTA and HEDP on the Crystal Growth, Polymorphism, and Morphology of CaCO3. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research.2015; 54(14): 3618-3625.

  • Prameela Rani K, Ravindhranath K. New Bio-Sorbents in the Control of Ammonia Pollution in Waste Waters. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2014; 7(5): 513-521.

  • Greenlee LF, Testa F, Lawler DF, Freeman BD, Moulin P. The Effect of Antiscalant Addition on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation for a Simplified Synthetic Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Concentrate. Water Research.2010; 44: 2957-2969.

  • David H, Brane S, Marko H, Bostjan P. The Use of the Cavitation Effect in the Mitigation of Caco3 Deposits. Journal of Mechanical Engineering.2013; 59: 203-215.

  • Vinod Kumar T, RajeshwarRao A, Srinivas B, Rajeshwari C. Assessment of Physico–Chemical Parameters of Priyadarshini Jurala Project Waters in Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, India. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2015; 8(8): 521524.

  • Reddy MM, Hoch AR. Calcite Crystal Growth Rate Inhibition by Polycarboxylic Acids. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2001; 235 (2), 365-370.

  • Asam A, Mohamed E, Pierre C, John C. Developments in High Recovery Brackish Water Desalination Plants as Part of the Solution to Water Quantity Problems. Desalination. 2002; 153: 237-243.

  • Tung AH, Ming AH, Andrew LR. Effects of Temperature on the Scaling of Calcium Sulphate in Pipes.Powder Technology.2007; 179: 31-37.

  • Thangavel K. Waste Water Treatment Via Constructed Wetland. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017; 10(9): 3107-3108.

  • Yang QF, Liu YQ, Gu AH. Investigation of Calcium Carbonate Scaling Inhibition and Scale Morphology by AFM. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2001; 240(2): 608-621.

  • Xu Y, Zhao L, Wang L, Xu S, Cui Y. Synthesis of Polyaspartic Acid–Melamine Grafted Copolymer and Evaluation of its Scale Inhibition Performance and Dispersion Capacity for Ferric Oxide. Desalination. 2012; 286: 285-289.

  • Srivastava AK, Ashish Kumar G, Mehrotra T, Ronit C, Rachana S. Physicochemical, Biochemical and Statistical Analysis of Beverages Industry Effluent. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016; 9(7):887-892.

  • ShenZH, Li JS, Xu K, Ding LL, Ren HQ. The Effect of Synthesized HydrolyzedPolymaleic Anhydride (HPMA) on the Crystal of Calcium Carbonate.Desalination.2012; 284:238-244.

  • Oussama M, AhlamH, Rim H. Analyze Study of Water in Emergency Departments at General Hospitals of the Syrian Coast. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017; 10(1): 01-04.

  • Kavitha AL, Vasudevan T, Gurumallesh H.Evaluation of Synthesized Antiscalants for Cooling Water System Application.Desalination.2011; 268: 38-45.

  • Dove PM, HochellaMF. Calcite Precipitation Mechanisms and Inhibition by Orthophosphate-In Situ Observations by Scanning Force Microscopy. GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa. 1993; 57(3): 705-714.

  • Jairaj KD, Momin KI, Ghorpade VK. Analytical Studies of the Microorganism Treatment on the Waste Waters and Industrial Effluents.Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry.3013; 6(2): 106-110.

  • Gryta M. Polyphosphates used for Membrane Scaling Inhibition During Water Desalination by Membrane Distillation. Desalination.2012; 285: 170-176.

  • Muryanto S, Bayuseno AP, Mamun H, Usamah M, Jotho.Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation in Pipes: Effect of Flow Rates, Temperature, and Malic Acid as Additives on the Mass and Morphology of the Scale.Procedia Chemistry.2014; 9: 69-76.

  • Hemant RB, Deepa T, Kalyani S, Tapan Kumar G, Kartik TN, Dulal Krishna T. Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Polyacrylamide Grafted Guar Gum and its Application as Flocculent for Waste Water Treatment. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2014; 7(4): 401-407.

  • Lin YP, Singer PC. Inhibition of Calcite Crystal Growth by Polyphosphates. Water Research. 2005; 39(19): 4835-4843.

  • Huntsman BE, Staples CA, Naylor CG, Williams JB.Treatability of NonylphenolEthoxylate Surfactants in On-Site Wastewater Disposal Systems.Water Environment Research.2006; 78(12): 2397-2404.

  • Suneetha M, Ravindhranath K. Removal of Nitrites from Waste Waters using Ashes of Some Herbal Plants as Bio-sorbents . Research Journal of Science and Technology. 2012; 4(3): 115121.

  • Tang YM, Yang WZ, Yin XS, Liu Y, Yin PW, Wang JT. Investigation of CaCO3 Scale Inhibition by PAA, ATMP and PAPEMP.Desalination.2008; 228 (1-3): 55-60.

  • Saifelnasr A, Bakheit M, Kamal K, Lila A. Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation, Prediction and Treatment. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy. 2013; 12: 47-58.

  • Vandana BP, Punam MT, Girisha P. Validation of Water Treatment System for Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2011; 4(10): 1536-1538.


Abstract Views: 229

PDF Views: 0




  • Efficiency of Antiscalants in Industrial Cooling Water Systems

Abstract Views: 229  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Ashok Kumar Popuri
Department of Chemical Engineering, VFSTR, Vadlamudi, Dist.: Guntur (A.P.), India

Abstract


In many industrial operations formation of deposits on heat exchanger surfaces and other cooling systems is a persistent problem. These deposits contain mineral scales (CaCO3, CaSO4, Ca3 (PO4)2, CaF2 etc.), corrosion products (Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Cuo etc.), particulate matter (clay, silt etc.) and microbiological mass. Deposition of these materials on heat exchange surfaces lead to loss of system efficiency, overheating, unscheduled shutdown and ultimately failure of heat exchangers. In cooling and boiler water systems, these deposits normally accumulate in low circulation areas and may become immobilized during upset conditions resulting in buildup of deposits on heat exchangers. An effective cooling water treatment must control scale, particulate matter and corrosion. Over the years, a variety of antiscaling agents have evolved including acid/chromate, zinc/chromate, stabilized phosphonate, phosphate/zinc/polymer and all organic. Phosphonates are excellent calcium carbonate inhibitors or antiscalants which reduce the scale formation in cooling water systems. Determination of efficiency of these antiscalants is also important before using them. Techniques (Boffardi, ONGC) presently used for determining their efficiency do not provide consistent results, these methods are time consuming and also difficult to execute. Industries are facing problem in finding the optimum dosage ofantiscalant in cooling water systemswith a peculiar composition. So, a technique based on the theoretical considerations has been given herein, which produces consistent results in an easy way and requires less time to perform using cooling system water.

Keywords


Antiscalant, Cooling System, TSOP, SHMP, STP, Turbidity.

References