Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

The Impact of Diabetes Distress on the Treatment Outcome


Affiliations
1 University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2 RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3 RSUD DOK II Jayapura, Indonesia
4 University of Cendrawasih, Jayapura, Indonesia
5 RSUD Dr. Abdul Aziz Singkawang, Indonesia
6 University of Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Objective. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is getting increased in Indonesia. The treatment and disease complexity may cause patients distress. The objective of this study is to determine the association between diabetes-related distress and the treatment outcome of T2D patients. Methods. This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from diabetes patients at Abdul Azis Hospital, Singkawang, Meranti Hospital, Meranti County and DOK II Hospital Jayapura during 2017 and 2018. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with T2DM, aged over 18, and under outpatient treatment at the hospitals in the aforementioned period. The clinical and socio-demographic data were taken from the patients’ medical record. The Diabetes- Distress Scale (DDS) was used to measures the patients’ distress. Results. The patient characteristic of this research showed that the mean of patients’age was 57.14 years old (SD = 9.4). Almost 59% among them was female, 92.6% was married, and 62.2% had a higher level of education. Around 54% of patients had a HbA1C of more than 7.5 with a mean 8.68 (SD=2.58). It also showed from the plasma glucose which 53% had more than 200 mg/dL (the average 219.64 (SD=85.11)), and 71% had 2-hours postprandial more than 200mg/dL. The significant associations were seen between all domains of distress and random blood glucose (p<0.05). The emotional and management related distress had the significant association with HbA1C (p<0.05). Conclusion. All the distress domains are related to the high level of random blood glucose. Furthermore, the emotional and management related distress is related with the HbA1C. The combination between pharmacological and psychological intervention is suggested to improve the clinical outcome.

Keywords

Distress, Diabetes, Glycemic, Control, Indonesia.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Health M of. Basic Health Research. 2013 2013. http://labmandat.litbang.depkes.go.id/riset-badan-litbangkes/menu-riskesnas/menu-riskesdas/374-rkd-2013 (accessed August 20, 2018).

  • Jannoo Z, Wah YB, Lazim AM, Hassali MA. Examining diabetes distress, medication adherence, diabetes self-care activities, diabetes-specific quality of life and health-related quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2017;9:48–54. doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2017.07.003.

  • Cummings DM, Lutes LD, Littlewood K, Solar C, Hambidge B, Gatlin P. Impact of Distress Reduction on Behavioral Correlates and A1C in African American Women with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: Results from EMPOWER. Ethn Dis 2017;27:155–60. doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.155.

  • Polonsky, W.H., Fisher, L., Earles, J. E Al. Assessing Psychosocial Distress in Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:626–31.

  • Fisher L, Glasgow RE, Strycker LA. The relationship between diabetes distress and clinical depression with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1034–6. doi:10.2337/dc09-2175.

  • Ehrmann D, Kulzer B, Haak T, Hermanns N. Longitudinal relationship of diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms: analyzing incidence and persistence. Diabet Med 2015;32:1264– 71. doi:10.1111/dme.12861.

  • Chew BH, Mukhtar F, Sherina MS, Paimin F, Hassan NH, Jamaludin NK. The reliability and validity of the Malay version 17-item Diabetes Distress Scale. Malaysian Fam Physician Off J Acad Fam Physicians Malaysia 2015;10:22–35.

  • Aljuaid MO, Almutairi AM, Assiri MA, Almalki DM, Alswat K. Diabetes-Related Distress Assessment among Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Diabetes Res 2018;2018:7328128. doi:10.1155/2018/7328128.

  • Farm BAS, Perwitasari DA, Thobari JA, Cao Q, Krabbe PFM, Postma MJ. Translation, Revision, and Validation of the Diabetes Distress Scale for Indonesian Type 2 Diabetic Outpatients with Various Types of Complications. Value Heal Reg Issues 2017;12:63–73. doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2017.03.010.

  • Fisher L, Hessler DM, Polonsky WH, Mullan J. When is diabetes distress clinically meaningful?: establishing cut points for the Diabetes Distress Scale. Diabetes Care 2012;35:259–64. doi:10.2337/dc11-1572.

  • Faulenbach M, Uthoff H, Schwegler K, Spinas GA, Schmid C, Wiesli P. Effect of psychological stress on glucose control in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2012;29:128–31. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03431.x.

  • Wiesli P, Schmid C, Kerwer O, Nigg-Koch C, Klaghofer R, Seifert B, et al. Acute psychological stress affects glucose concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes following food intake but not in the fasting state. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1910–5.

  • van Son J, Nyklicek I, Pop VJ, Blonk MC, Erdtsieck RJ, Pouwer F. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with diabetes and emotional problems: long-term follow-up findings from the DiaMind randomized controlled trial. J Psychosom Res 2014;77:81–4. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.03.013.

  • Chew BH, Vos RC, Metzendorf M-I, Scholten RJ, Rutten GE. Psychological interventions for diabetes-related distress in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;9:CD011469. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011469.pub2.

  • Baumeister H, Hutter N, Bengel J. Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with diabetes mellitus and depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;12:CD008381. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008381.pub2.


Abstract Views: 154

PDF Views: 0




  • The Impact of Diabetes Distress on the Treatment Outcome

Abstract Views: 154  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Dyah Aryani Perwitasari
University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Imaniar Noor Faridah
University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Woro Supadmi
University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Mentari Yulistika
RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Sitti Nurdjaja Soltief
RSUD DOK II Jayapura, Indonesia
Elfride Irawati Sianturi
University of Cendrawasih, Jayapura, Indonesia
Nurul Masyitoh
RSUD Dr. Abdul Aziz Singkawang, Indonesia
Ajeng Diantini
University of Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract


Objective. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is getting increased in Indonesia. The treatment and disease complexity may cause patients distress. The objective of this study is to determine the association between diabetes-related distress and the treatment outcome of T2D patients. Methods. This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from diabetes patients at Abdul Azis Hospital, Singkawang, Meranti Hospital, Meranti County and DOK II Hospital Jayapura during 2017 and 2018. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with T2DM, aged over 18, and under outpatient treatment at the hospitals in the aforementioned period. The clinical and socio-demographic data were taken from the patients’ medical record. The Diabetes- Distress Scale (DDS) was used to measures the patients’ distress. Results. The patient characteristic of this research showed that the mean of patients’age was 57.14 years old (SD = 9.4). Almost 59% among them was female, 92.6% was married, and 62.2% had a higher level of education. Around 54% of patients had a HbA1C of more than 7.5 with a mean 8.68 (SD=2.58). It also showed from the plasma glucose which 53% had more than 200 mg/dL (the average 219.64 (SD=85.11)), and 71% had 2-hours postprandial more than 200mg/dL. The significant associations were seen between all domains of distress and random blood glucose (p<0.05). The emotional and management related distress had the significant association with HbA1C (p<0.05). Conclusion. All the distress domains are related to the high level of random blood glucose. Furthermore, the emotional and management related distress is related with the HbA1C. The combination between pharmacological and psychological intervention is suggested to improve the clinical outcome.

Keywords


Distress, Diabetes, Glycemic, Control, Indonesia.

References