Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Phenyl Propanoid Glycoside, An Eleutheroside derivative in the Regulation Carbohydrate Metabolism in Hepatic Tissues in T2DM experimental Rats


Affiliations
1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The enzymes that control glucose metabolism in the liver tissue are considered as potential targets forthe maintenance of normal glycemic control in diabetic individuals. Search for new drugs with more efficacies and without side effects preferably from plant origin continues. Phenyl propanoid glycoside, an eleutheroside derivative is one such phyto secondary metabolite which lacks scientific validation for its folklore use. In the present study it was aimed to systematically study the efficacyof phenyl propanoid glycoside (syringin) (5mg/kg.b.w./rat for 30 days) in the regulation of glucose homeostasis modulating theactivities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in hepatic tissues of T2DM in rats. The assay of activities of carbohydrate metabolizing key enzymes of glycolysis, and pentose phosphate and gluconeogenic pathways in hepatic tissues were performed. The altered activities of key enzymes of these pathways in hepatic tissues of diabetic rats were significantlyreverted to near normalcy upon oral treatment with syringin. In addition, oral administration of syringin to experimental diabetic groups of rats showed significant reduction in the levels of fasting bloodglucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and increased level of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. Thus, thepresent data validated that the oral administration of syringin to diabetic rats regulates glucosehomeostasis by regulating the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes.

Keywords

Diabetes, Hemoglobin, Insulin, Streptozotocin, Syringin.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Peter M, Thulé (2012) Mechanisms of current therapies for diabetes mellitus type 2. Adv Physiol Educ 36: 275–283. Link: https://goo.gl/xo5Z2y

  • Egea J, Fabregat I, Frapart YM, Ghezzi P, Görlach A, Kietzmann T, Daiber A. Redox Biology European contribution to the study of ROS : A summary of the fi ndings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 ( EU-ROS ), 2017; 13(May): 94–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.007.

  • Huang W, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Huang W, Cai Y. Natural Phenolic Compounds From Medicinal Herbs and Dietary Plants : Potential Use for Cancer Prevention and Dietary Plants : Potential Use for Cancer Prevention, Nutrition and Cancer, 2017; 62: 1-20 https://doi.org/10.1080/01635580903191585.

  • Iranshahy M, Javadi B, Iranshahi M, Jahanbakhs SP, Mahyari S, Hassani FV, Karimi G. A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Portulaca oleracea L. J Ethnopharmacol, 2017; 205(May): 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.004.

  • Liu Y, Wang H, Cai X. Optimization of the extraction of total flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi using the response surface methodology. J Food Sci Technol, 2015; 52(4): 2336–2343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1275-0.

  • Tafesse TB, Hymete A, Mekonnen Y, Tadesse M. Antidiabetic activity and phytochemical screening of extracts of the leaves of Ajuga remota Benth on alloxan-induced diabetic mice, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017; 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1757-5.

  • Gibson EL, Wardel J, Watts CJ (1998) Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Nutritional Knowledge and Beliefs in Mothers and Children. Appetite 31: 205- 228. Link: https://goo.gl/fes7Ym.

  • Mahadeva Rao US, Mohd KS, Abd Halim SZ, et al. Secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of Malaysian Mengkudu using various solvent extracts. International Medical Journal 2014; 21(3): 96-100.

  • Yakubo S, Ueda Y, Tanekura N, et al. Thermogenic effect of Bofu-Tsusho-San on human interscapular adipose tissue. International Medical Journal 2012; 19(4): 378- 381.

  • Khan J, Mohammed NI. Mechanisms of obesity induced higher intestinal permeability. International Medical Journal 2012; 19(4): 307-308.

  • Yang EJ, Kim SI, Ku HY, Lee DS, Lee JW, Kim YS, et al. Syringin from stem bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla protects Abeta(25-35)-induced toxicity in neuronal cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2010;33(4):531-8.

  • Kim NY, Pae HO, Ko YS, Yoo JC, Choi BM, Jun CD, et al. In vitro inducible nitric oxide synthesis inhibitory active constituents from Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Planta Med 1999; 65:656-8.

  • Kim SJ, Kwon do Y, Kim YS, Kim YC. Peroxyl radical scavenging capacity of extracts and isolated components from selected medicinal plants. Arch Pharm Res. 2010; 33(6):867-73.

  • Kim HC, An RB, Jeong GS, Oh SH, Kim YC. 1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging compounds of Fraxini Cortex. Nat Prod Sci. 2005; 11:150-4.

  • Muhammad Abdurrazak, Khamsah Suryati Mohd, Bashir Ado Ahmad, US Mahadeva Rao. In vitro α-Glucosidase inhibitory potential of parts of various extracts of Musa paradisiaca. International J. of Integrative Biology. 2015: 16(1); 1-6.

  • Muhammad Abdurrazak, U.S.Mahadeva Rao and Khamsah Suryati Mohd. Biochemical evaluation of antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of methanolic tepal extract of Musa paradisiaca studied in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015; 7(8):837-846.

  • Bashir Ado Ahmad, Khamsah Suryati Mohd, Muhammad Abdurrazak, U.S.Mahadeva Rao, Thant Zin. Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity Of Pure Syringin In Comparison To Various Solvents Extracts Of Musa Paradisiaca (Banana) (Fruit And Flower) And Total Phenolic Contents. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015; 7(5): 242-7.

  • U.S. Mahadeva Rao, Muhammad Abdurrazak, Khamsah Suryati Mohd. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and phenolic content assays of various solvent extracts of tepal of Musa paradisiaca. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences. 2016; 20 (5): 1181 – 1190. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2005-25 .

  • Srinivasan K, Viswanad B, Asrat L, Kaul CL, Ramarao P (2005) Combination of high-fat diet-fed and low-dose streptozotocin-treated rat: a model for type 2 diabetes and pharmacological screening. Pharmacol Res 52: 313-320. Link: https://goo.gl/8b3c1z

  • Conn JW (1940) Interpretation of the glucose tolerance test: necessity of standard preparatory diet. Am J Med Sci 199: 555–564. Link: https://goo.gl/9Jy33j

  • Sasaki T, Masty S, Sonae A (1972) Effect of acetic acid concentration on the colour reaction in the Otoluidine boric acid method for blood glucose estimation. Rinshbo Kagaku 1: 346-353. Link: https://goo.gl/VwhtuQ

  • Drabkin DL, Austin JH (1932) Spectrophotometric constants for common hemoglobin derivatives in human, dog and rabbit blood. J Biol Chem 98: 719–733. Link: https://goo.gl/BQ14QW

  • Nayak SS, Pattabiraman TN (1981) A new colorimetric method for the estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin. Clin Chim Acta 109: 267-274. Link: https://goo.gl/6XWLum

  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265-275. Link: https://goo.gl/mmwxZ8

  • Natelson S, Scott ML, Beffa C (1951) A rapid method for the estimation of urea in biologic fl uids. Am J Clin Pathol 21: 275-281. Link: https://goo.gl/9y8u9K

  • Shang S, Harton M, Tamayo MH, Shanley C, Palanisamy GS, et al. (2011) Increased Foxp3 expression in guinea pigs infected with W-Beijing strains of M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 91: 378-385. Link: https://goo.gl/UUo6eR

  • Brod J, Sirota JH (1948) The renal clearance of endogenous “creatinine” IN MAN. J Clin Invest 27: 645-654. Link: https://goo.gl/EbNaTa

  • King J (1965a) The transaminases: alanine and aspartate transaminases, In: Practical Clinical Enzymology (Ed.) Van D. Nostrand Co., London, 1965a 363-395.

  • King J (1965b) The hydrolases-acid and alkaline phosphatases, In: Practical clinical enzymology. (Ed.) Van D. Nostrand Co., London, 199-208. Link: https://goo.gl/rsyxfq

  • Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, et al. (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 28: 412-419. Link: https://goo.gl/W4yRCP

  • Panserat S, Capilla E, Gutierrez J, Frappart PO, Vachot C, et al. (2001) Glucokinase is highly induced and glucose-6-phosphatase poorly repressed in liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by a single meal with glucose. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 128: 275-283. Link: https://goo.gl/kdrGJ8

  • Pogson CI, Denton RM (1967) Effect of alloxan diabetes, starvation and refeeding on glycolytic kinase activities in rat epididymal adipose tissue. Nature 216: 156-157. Link: https://goo.gl/7X3LBQ

  • Ells HA, Kirkman HN (1961) A colorimetric method for assay of erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 106: 607-609. Link: https://goo.gl/KaNNcs

  • Koide H, Oda T (1959) Pathological occurrence of glucose-6-phosphatase in serum in liver diseases. Clin Chim Acta 4: 554-561. Link: https://goo.gl/LwK7iP

  • Gancedo JM, Gancedo C (1971) Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from fermenting and non-fermenting yeasts. Arch Mikrobiol 76: 132-138. Link: https://goo.gl/8ZoHYF

  • Leloir LH, Goldemberg SH (1962) Glycogen synthetase from rat liver: (Glucose)n + (UDPG)?(Glucose)n+1 +UDP, In: Colowick SP, Kalpan NO (Eds.), Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press, New York 145–147. Link: https://goo.gl/bS1jUd

  • Cornblath M, Randle PJ, Parmeggiani A, Morgan HE (1963) Regulation of glycogenolysis in muscle. Effects of glucagon and anoxia on lactate production, glycogen content, and phosphorylase activity in the perfused isolated rat heart. J Biol Chem 238: 1592-1597. Link: https://goo.gl/ZDhy7u

  • King J (1959) A routine method for the estimation of lactic dehydrogenase activity. J Med Lab Technol. 16: 265-272. Link: https://goo.gl/qEMduX

  • Morales MA, Jabbagy AJ, Terenizi HR (1973) Mutation effecting accumulation of glycogen. Neurospora Newsletter 20: 24-25. Link: https://goo.gl/LYbxx8

  • Mahadeva Rao US, Subramanian S, Biochemical evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effects of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Med Chem Res, 2008, 18, 433 446.

  • Sorimuthu Pillai Subramanian and US Mahadeva Rao. Amelioration of diabetic dyslipidemia by Morinda citrifolia fruits on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Pharmacy Research 2010, 3(1),843-848.

  • U.S.Mahadeva Rao, M Haque, Atif AB. Insulin Stimulative and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Persea americana Fruit Extract on Streptozotocin Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences. 2011; 4 (1): 1-10.

  • U. S. Mahadeva Rao and Bizuneh Adinew. Remnant Β-Cell-Stimulative And Anti-Oxidative Effects Of Persea Americana Fruit Extract Studied In Rats Introduced Into Streptozotocin - Induced Hyperglycaemic State. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2011) 8(3): 210‐217.

  • Goldstein DE, Little RR, Wiedmeyer HM, England JD, McKenzie EM (1986) Glycated hemoglobin: methodologies and clinical applications. Clin Chem 32: B64–70. Link: https://goo.gl/3U162y

  • Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ (2005) The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 365: 1415-1428. Link: https://goo.gl/837Rnq

  • Sunmonu TO, Afolayan AJ (2013) Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity and Associated Toxicity of Artemisia afra Aqueous Extract in Wistar Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013: 929074. Link: https://goo.gl/FndjR3

  • Liu Z, Que S, Xu J, Peng T (2014) Alanine aminotransferase-old biomarker and new concept: a review. Int J Med Sci 11: 925-935. Link: https://goo.gl/wSzvQp

  • Olaoluwa T, Osilesi O, Adebawo OO, Onajobi FD, Oyedemi SO et al. (2015) Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Activities in Selected Tissues of Rats Fed on Processed Atlantic Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 6: 139-152. Link: https://goo.gl/yedFR9

  • Akanji MA (1993) Effect of chronic consumption of metabisulphite on the integrity of the rat kidney cellular system. Toxicology 81: 173–179. Link: https://goo.gl/TRXgzq

  • Raddatz D, Ramadori G (2007) Carbohydrate metabolism and the liver: actual aspects from physiology and disease. Z Gastroenterol 45: 51-62. Link: https://goo.gl/t2WyFG

  • Laakso M, Malkki M, Deeb SS (1995) Amino acid substituents in hexokinase II among patients with NIDDM. Diabetes44 :330-334. Link: https://goo.gl/bYVebm

  • O‘Doherty RM, Lehman DL, Telemaque-Potts S, Newgard CB (1999) Metabolic impact of glucokinase overexpression in liver: lowering of blood glucose in fed rats is accompanied by hyperlipidemia. Diabetes 48: 2022-2027. Link: https://goo.gl/Lg7Sey

  • Gupta D, Raju J, Prakash J, Baquer NZ (1999) Change in the lipid profi le, lipogenic and related enzymes in the livers of experimental diabetic rats: effect of insulin and vanadate. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 46: 1-7. Link: https://goo.gl/VDPhmy

  • Gupta, Vibhor, Bamezai, Rameshwar NK (2010) “Human pyruvate kinase M2: A multifunctional protein”. Protein Science 19: 2031–2044. Link: https://goo.gl/PrTdyz

  • Ainscow EK, Zhao C, Rutter GA (2000) Acute overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase-A perturbs beta-cell mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion. Diabetes 49: 1149-1155. Link: https://goo.gl/szfzQh

  • Nordlie RC, Foster JD, Lange AJ (1999) Regulation of glucose production by the liver. Annu Rev Nutr 19: 379-406. Link: https://goo.gl/Njiwef

  • Aoki K, Saito T, Satoh S, Mukasa K, Kaneshiro M, et al. (1999) Dehydroepiandrosterone suppresses the elevated hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities in C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice: comparison with troglitazone. Diabetes 48: 1579-1585. Link: https://goo.gl/ZeUy66

  • Jain M, Cui L, Brenner DA, Wang B, Handy DE, et al. (2004) Increased myocardial dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion in mice lacking glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Circulation 109: 898-903. Link: https://goo.gl/LWsT68

  • Pederson BA, Cope CR, Schroeder JM, Smith MW, Irimia JM, et al. (2005) Exercise capacity of mice genetically lacking muscle glycogen synthase: in mice, muscle glycogen is not essential for exercise. J Biol Chem 280: 17260- 17265. Link: https://goo.gl/EHdae1


Abstract Views: 210

PDF Views: 0




  • Phenyl Propanoid Glycoside, An Eleutheroside derivative in the Regulation Carbohydrate Metabolism in Hepatic Tissues in T2DM experimental Rats

Abstract Views: 210  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

U. S. Mahadeva Rao
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract


The enzymes that control glucose metabolism in the liver tissue are considered as potential targets forthe maintenance of normal glycemic control in diabetic individuals. Search for new drugs with more efficacies and without side effects preferably from plant origin continues. Phenyl propanoid glycoside, an eleutheroside derivative is one such phyto secondary metabolite which lacks scientific validation for its folklore use. In the present study it was aimed to systematically study the efficacyof phenyl propanoid glycoside (syringin) (5mg/kg.b.w./rat for 30 days) in the regulation of glucose homeostasis modulating theactivities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in hepatic tissues of T2DM in rats. The assay of activities of carbohydrate metabolizing key enzymes of glycolysis, and pentose phosphate and gluconeogenic pathways in hepatic tissues were performed. The altered activities of key enzymes of these pathways in hepatic tissues of diabetic rats were significantlyreverted to near normalcy upon oral treatment with syringin. In addition, oral administration of syringin to experimental diabetic groups of rats showed significant reduction in the levels of fasting bloodglucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and increased level of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. Thus, thepresent data validated that the oral administration of syringin to diabetic rats regulates glucosehomeostasis by regulating the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes.

Keywords


Diabetes, Hemoglobin, Insulin, Streptozotocin, Syringin.

References