Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Effects of Dual-Task Training with different Intensity of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function and Neurotrophic Factors in Chronic Stroke Patients


Affiliations
1 Department of Physical Therapy, Eunhye Hospital, 5-5, Geobukseongongwon 2-gil, Yeosu-si, Chonnam, 59676, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
2 Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Dongshin University 185, Gunjae-ro, Naju-si, Chonnam, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Background/Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dual-task training with different intensity of aerobic exercise on cognitive function (MMSE-K, Trail making test, and Stroop test) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF, IGF-1) in chronic stroke patients. Methods / Statistical analysis: The subjects were 27 stroke patients who met the study selection criteria, and were divided according to screening tests into the following: group I (low-intensity aerobic exercise plus dual-task training, n=9), group II (moderate-intensity aerobic exercise plus dual-task training, n=9), and group III (high-moderate-intensity aerobic exercise plus dual-task training, n=9). Subjects performed training 5 times a week, a total of 30 times in 6 weeks. Finding: The results of the study showed that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (p<.01) and high-intensity aerobic exercise (p<.001) showed significant differences between after training (p<.001). Significant differences between the groups were found after training, with a difference in MMSE-K between group I and III (p<.001) and between group II and III (p<.01). A significant difference was found between the groups in the Trail Making Test and the Stroop test (p<.001), with a difference after training between group I and III (p<.001) and between group II and III (p<.01). In addition, a significant difference was found between the groups in BDNF and IGF-1 levels (p<.001), with a difference between group I and III (p<.001) and between group II and III (p<.05). Improvements/Applications: Therefore, the present study found that the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for stroke patients can be enhanced by using differentiated aerobic exercise rather than limited desktop activity.

Keywords

Dual Task Training, Aerobic Exercise, Intensity, Cognitive Function, Neurotrophic Factor.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Mulder T. Motor imagery and action observation: cognitive tools for rehabilitation. J Neural Transm. 114(10); 2007: 1265-1278.

  • Huxhold O, Li SC, Schmiedek F, Lindenberger U. Dual-tasking postural control: aging and the effects of cognitive demand in conjunction with focus of attention. Brain Res Bulletin. 69(3); 2006: 294-305.

  • Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Motor control: translating research in to clinical practice: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.

  • Dimeo F, Bauer M, Varahram I, Proest G, Halter U. Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: a pilot study. Br J Sports Med. 35(2); 2001: 114-117.

  • Wollacott M, Shumway-Cook A. Attention and the control of posture and gait: A review of an emerging area of research. Gait and Posture. 16(1); 2002: 1-14.

  • Ai-Yahya E, Johansen-Berg H, Kischka U, Zarei M, Cockburn J, Dawes H. Prefrontal cortex activation while walking under dual-task conditions in stroke: A multimodal imaging study. Neruorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 30(6); 2016: 591-599.

  • Gage FH. Mammalian neural stem cells. Science. 287(5457); 2000: 1433-1438.

  • Phillips HS, Hains JM, Laramee GR, Rosenthal A, Winslow JW. Widespread expression of BDNF but not NT3 by target areas of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Science. 250(4978); 1990: 290-294.

  • Miyake K, Yamamoto W, Tadokoro M, Takagi N, Sasakawa K, Nitta A, Furukawa S, Takeo S. Alterations in hippocampal GAP-43, BDNF, and L1 following sustained cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. 935(1-2); 2002: 24-31.

  • Larsson E, Mandel RJ, Klein RL, Muzyczka N, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Suppression of insult-induced neurogenesis in adult rat brain by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Exp Neurol. 177(1); 2002: 1-8.

  • Neufelda G, Cohena T, Gengrinovitcha S, Poltorak Z. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and its receptors. FASEB Journal. 13(1); 1999: 9-22.

  • Woo MJ. The relationship between exercise and cognition: Literature review of brain studies. Korean Journal of Physical Education. 49(2); 2010: 133-146.

  • Yang YR, Chen YC, Lee CS, Cheng SJ, Wang RY. Dual-task related gait changes in individuals with stroke. Gait Posture. 25(2); 2007: 185-190.

  • Dennis A, Dawes H, Elsworth C, Collett J, Howells K, Wade DT, Izadi H, Cockburn J. Fast walking under cognitive motor interference conditions in chronic stroke. Brain Res. 1287; 2009: 104-110.

  • ACSM. ACSM`s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed, Mc Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilins. 2006.

  • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental State Examination. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 12(3); 1975: 189-198.

  • Karvonen MJ, Kentala E, Mustala O. The effect of training on heart rate: a longitudinal study. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn. 35(3); 1957: 307-315.

  • Kwon YC, Park JH. Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K) : Development of the test for the elderly. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 28(1); 1989: 125-135.

  • Radford KA, Lincoln NB. Concurrent validity of the stroke drivers screening assessment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 85(2); 2004: 324-328.

  • Strauss GP, Allen DN, Jorgensen ML, Cramer SL. Test-retest reliability of standard and emotional stroop tasks: an investigation of color-word and picture-word versions. Assessment. 12(3); 2005: 330-337.

  • Hall CD, Smith AL, Keele SW. The impact of aerobic activity on cognitive function in older adults: A new synthesis based on the concept of executive control. Eur J Cogn Psychol. 13(1-2); 2001: 279-300.

  • Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Scalf PE, Kim JS, Prakash R, McAuley E, Elavsky S, Marguez DX, Hu L, Kramer AF. Aerobic exercise training increased brain volume in aging humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 61(11); 2006: 1166-1170.

  • Schuit AJ, Feskens EJ, Launer LJ, Kromhout D. Physical activity and cognitive decline, the role of apolipoprotein ε4 allele. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 33(5); 2001: 772-777.

  • Ide K, Horn A, Secher NH. Cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol. 87(5); 1999: 1604-1608.

  • Voss MW, Vivar C, Kramer AF, van Praag H. Bridging animal and human models of exercise-induced brain plasticity. Trends Cogn Sci. 17(10); 2013: 525-544.

  • Piepmeier AT, Etnier JL. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a potential mechanism of the effects of acute exercise o n cognitive performance. J Sport Health Sci. 4(1); 2015: 14-23.

  • Ferris LT, Williams JS, Shen CL. The effect of acute exercise on serum brain-derived neuroptrophic factor levels and cognitive function. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 39(4); 2007: 728-734.

  • Griffin EW, Mullally S, Foley C, Warmington SA, O`Mara SM, Kelly AM. Aerobic exercise improves hippocampal function and increases BDNF in the serum of young adult males. Physiol Behav. 104(5); 2011: 934-941.

  • Cotman CW, Berchtold NC, Christie LA. Exercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation. Trends Neurosci. 30(9); 2007: 464-472.

  • Berchtold NC, Chinn G, Chou M, Kesslak JP, Cotman CW. Exercise primes a molecular memory for brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein induction in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience. 133(3); 2005: 853-861.

  • Tsai HH, Lin CP, Lin YH, Hsu CC, Wang JS. High- intensity interval training enhances mobilization functionality of endothelial progenitor cells and depressed shedding of vascular endothelial cells undergoing hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol. 116(11-12); 2016: 2375-2388.

  • Schmidt KM, Schädle S, Otterbein S, Thiel C, Doehring A, Lötsch J, Kaiser J. Kinetics of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor following low-intensity versus high-intensity exercise in men and women. Neuroreport. 23(15); 2012: 889-893.

  • Whang JS. Effect of exercise type on prefrontal cortex blood flow, cognitive function and neurotrophic factors. Ewha Womans University Graduate School, Doctoral Thesis. 2017.

  • Park JD. The effects of cognition-exercise program participation on the elderly cognitive function. Ulsan University Graduate School, Master Thesis 2017.


Abstract Views: 209

PDF Views: 0




  • Effects of Dual-Task Training with different Intensity of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function and Neurotrophic Factors in Chronic Stroke Patients

Abstract Views: 209  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Tae-Gon Kim
Department of Physical Therapy, Eunhye Hospital, 5-5, Geobukseongongwon 2-gil, Yeosu-si, Chonnam, 59676, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Sea-Hyun Bae
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Dongshin University 185, Gunjae-ro, Naju-si, Chonnam, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Kyung-Yoon Kim
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Dongshin University 185, Gunjae-ro, Naju-si, Chonnam, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of

Abstract


Background/Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dual-task training with different intensity of aerobic exercise on cognitive function (MMSE-K, Trail making test, and Stroop test) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF, IGF-1) in chronic stroke patients. Methods / Statistical analysis: The subjects were 27 stroke patients who met the study selection criteria, and were divided according to screening tests into the following: group I (low-intensity aerobic exercise plus dual-task training, n=9), group II (moderate-intensity aerobic exercise plus dual-task training, n=9), and group III (high-moderate-intensity aerobic exercise plus dual-task training, n=9). Subjects performed training 5 times a week, a total of 30 times in 6 weeks. Finding: The results of the study showed that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (p<.01) and high-intensity aerobic exercise (p<.001) showed significant differences between after training (p<.001). Significant differences between the groups were found after training, with a difference in MMSE-K between group I and III (p<.001) and between group II and III (p<.01). A significant difference was found between the groups in the Trail Making Test and the Stroop test (p<.001), with a difference after training between group I and III (p<.001) and between group II and III (p<.01). In addition, a significant difference was found between the groups in BDNF and IGF-1 levels (p<.001), with a difference between group I and III (p<.001) and between group II and III (p<.05). Improvements/Applications: Therefore, the present study found that the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for stroke patients can be enhanced by using differentiated aerobic exercise rather than limited desktop activity.

Keywords


Dual Task Training, Aerobic Exercise, Intensity, Cognitive Function, Neurotrophic Factor.

References