Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
pH-Responsive Polymers and its Application in Drug Delivery System and Pharmaceutical Field
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Stimuli-sensitive polymers which are also called as ‘smart polymers' are rapidly acquiring popularity in the field of self-regulated and control release drug delivery system. Control drug delivery system is used which enable to obtain better drug product with greater safety, efficacy, and reliability. Stimuli-responsive polymers (smart polymers) are the large molecules which in response to environmental factor like, light, heat, ionic and magnetic field reveals peculiar physiochemical changes. The review summarizes the recent development explaining different types of synthesis, its characteristics, the principle of working, and its application in various fields. Several polymers with its potential uses in control drug delivery, personal, human care, biological and membrane science as well as its application in the pharmaceutical field are explained below. They have been playing a vital role in various fields since last three decades. In the field of chemistry and biology, pH-sensitive materials having multi-characteristics nature makes a promising role. It also describes about an important use of pH-sensitive polymer in different therapy like gene therapy and the applicability of system as insulin delivery in consideration of physiochemical properties of these smart polymers. Apart of drug delivery, It has also an important application in purification and separation of molecules like enzyme, protein, peptides (Chromatographic studies).
Keywords
pH-Sensitive Polymer, Liposomes, Drug Delivery, Polymethacrylic Acid, Poly (Acrylic Acid).
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Balamuralidhara V et al., pH-sensitive sensitive drug delivery system. American Journal of Drug Discovery and Development.2011; 1(1):24-48.
- Ying-Jie Zhu and Feng Chen. pH - Responsive Drug-Delivery Systems. Chemistry An Asian Journal.2014;10:1-23.
- Panja N, Chattopadhyam A.K., New oil modified acrylic polymer for pH sensitive drug release: Experimental results and statistical analysis. Journal of advance in natural science, 2014;3.
- Shaik MR, Korsapati M, Panati D. Polymers in Controlled Drug Delivery systems International journal of pharma science.2012; vol.2 :112-116.
- Vilar G, Tulla-puche j and Alberico Fernando. Polymer and Drug Delivery System. Current Drug Delivery. 2012; 9:000-000.
- Nakamura et al., Uptake and Release of Budesonide from Mucoadhesive. pH sensitive Copolymers and their Application to Nasal delivery. Control Release Journal.1999; 61:329-335.
- Iwata, McGinity M and J.W. Dissolution, Stability, and Morphological Properties of Conventional and Multiphase poly (DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres containing water-soluble Compounds. Pharmaceutical Research journal.1993; 10:1219-1227.
- Vaida C et al., Microparticles for Drug Delivery based on Functional Polycaprolactones with Enhanced Degradability Loading of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Active compounds. Macromolecular Bioscience. 2010; 10: 925-933.
- Yoshida Takayuki (PhD), Lai Tsz chung , Skwon Glen, and Kazuhiro. pH- and Ion-Sensitive Polymers for Drug Delivery. Expert Opinion of Drug Delivery. 2013 November; 10(11): 1497–1513.
- Kocak, G, Tuncer, C, Butun V. pH responsive polymer. Polymer Chemistry. 2016; 8: 144-176.
- Reyes-ortega F. Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Spain and Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nano-medicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain. Woodhead Publishing. 2014; 1:47- 55.
- Melendez - ortiz, Ivan H, Varca HC. State of Smart Polymers: from Fundamentals to final Application. Polymer Science: Research Advances, Practical Application and Educational Aspects. Formatex research Center . 2016; 1:476-487.
- Kang SI. and Bae YH. pH - Induced Solubility Transition of Sulfonamide Based Polymers. Journal of Controlled Release. 2002; 80:145–155.
- Zhao Y et al., Self-assembled pH Responsive Hydrogels Composed of the RATEA16 peptide. Biomacromolecules. 2008; 9:1511–1518.
- Vyas SP, k.khar Roop. Controlled drug delivery concept and advances. Edition 2002. Vallabh prakashan, 21. November 2001;105.
- Sonia T A. and Sharma CP. An overview of Natural Polymers for Oral Insulin delivery. Drug Discovery Today. 2012; 17: 784–792.
- Hoffman AS, Synthetic Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Advance Drug Delivery Reviews. 2012; 64: 18–23.
- Alvarez-Lorenzo et al., Multi-Response Optimization in the Formulation of a Topical Cream from Natural Ingredients. Advance Drug Delivery Reviews.2013; 65: 1148–1171.
- Samal SK et al., Cationic Polymers and their Therapeutic Potential. American Chemical Society Review. 2012; 41:7147–7194.
- Santos J.R, Alves N.M and Mano J.F, Properties and in vitro drug release of pH- and temperature-sensitive double cross-linked interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid/poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) for transdermal delivery of luteolin. Bioactive Journal of Compatible Polymer. 2010; 25: 169–184.
- Cao N et al., Dendritic porous SNO2/ SiO2 @polymer nanospheres/pH controlled styptic drug releaseJournal of Industrial Engineering Chemistry., 2016; 34: 9–13.
- Mansour Heidi M et al.,. Materials for Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 15 September 2010; 11:3302.
- Wei L et al., Dual-drug delivery system based on hydrogel/ micelle composites. Biomaterials. 2009; 30: 2606–2613.
- Sawayanagi,Y., Nambu N and Nagai T. Direct compressed tablets containing chitin Chemistry of Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 1982; 30(11): 4216.
- Upadrashta S.M., Katikaneni P. R. and Nuessle N.O. Chitin and Chitosan as Disintegrants in Paracetamol Tablets. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 1992 ; 18:1701.
- Ozbas-Turan, Akbuga S, Aral JC. Controlled Release of Interleukin-2 from Chitosan microspheres. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2002; 91:1245–1251.
- Chena Sung-Ching et al., A novel pH-sensitive hydrogel composed of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan and alginate cross-linked by genipin for protein drug delivery. Journal of Controlled Release. 2004;2: 286.
- Hu S. G. Jou C. H. and Yang M. C. Protein adsorption, fibroblast activity and antibacterial properties of poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) grafted with chitosan and chitooligosaccharide after immobilized with hyaluronic acid. Biomaterials. 2003 ;24: 2685–2693.
- Hillyard I W. Doczi J. and Kierman P. B. Carbohydrate Polymers. Proceedings of the Society for experimental Experimental biology and medicine. 1964; 115:1108.
- Acikgoz M et al., Chitosan microspheres of diclofenac sodium. Pharmazie. 1995; 50:273.
- DAyala, G.G; Malinconico M, Laurienzo P. Marine derived polysaccharides for biomedical applications: chemical modification approaches. Molecules .2008; 13(9): 2069–2106.
- Pajic-Lijakovic I et al., Investigation of Ca-alginate hydrogel rheological behaviour in conjunction with immobilized yeast cell growth dynamics. Journal of Microencapsulation. 2007; 24:420–429.
- Yang L. and Liu H. Stimuli-responsive magnetic particles and their applications in biomedical field. Powder Technology. 2013; 240: 54–65.
- El-Sherbiny IM. Enhanced pH-responsive carrier system based on alginate and chemically modified carboxymethyl chitosan for oral delivery of protein drugs: Preparation and in-vitro assessment. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2010; 80: 1125–1136.
- Silva C M et al., Alginate microspheres prepared by internal gelation: development and effect on insulin stability. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2006; 311: 1–10.
- Liao YH et al., Hyaluronan: pharmaceutical Characterization and drug delivery. Drug Delivery. 2005; 12: 327–342.
- Kang JY et al., Novel porous matrix of hyaluronic acid for the three-dimensional culture of chondrocytes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2009; 369: 114–120.
- Malafaya PB, Silva GA, Reis RL. Natural-origin polymers as carriers and scaffolds for biomolecules and cell delivery in tissue engineering applications. Advance Drug Delivery Review. 2007; 59: 207–233.
- Collins MN and Birkinshaw C. Hyaluronic acid based scaffolds for tissue Engineering – a review. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2013; 92: 1262–1279.
- Khademhosseini A Ji C and Dehghani F. Enhancing cell penetration and proliferation in chitosan hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials. 2011; 32: 9719–9729.
- Guragain S et al., Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Materials. Chemistry European Journal. 2015; 21:13164–13174.
- Wang L et al ., Triple-responsive hydrogels: Synthesis and controlled drug delivery. Reactive and Functional Polymer. 2010; 70: 159–167.
- Jiang FJ et al., Polymer. Frontiers of Physics. 2016; 83: 85–91.
- Achilleos DS. and Vamvakaki M.. Multiresponsive Spiropyran-Based Copolymers Synthesized by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules. 2010; 43(17):7073–7081.
- Wu W et al., Multifunctional Hybrid Nanogel forIntegration of Optical Glucose Sensing and Self-Regulated Insulin Release at Physiological pH . American Chemical Society Nano. 2010; 4:4831–4839.
- Jiang G et al., Preparation of multi-responsive micelles for controlled release of insulin. Colloid Polymer Science. 2015; 293: 209–215.
- Ma et al., Construction of N-halamine labeled silica/zinc oxide hybrid nanoparticles for enhancing antibacterial ability of Ti implants Polymer. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 2011; 49: 2725–2733.
- Kim SJ et al., Electrical response characterization of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels as an actuator Sensitive Actuators, American Chemical Society Journal 2004; 115:146–150.
- Wei CA, Guo J. and Wang CC. Preparation and Characterization of Polyfluorene-Based Supramolecular π-Conjugated Polymer Gels.Macromolecular chemistry and physics. Rapid Communication. 2011; 32: 451–455.
- Li DW, Bu YZ, Zhang LN, Wang X, Yang YY, Zhuang YP, Yang F, Shen H. and Wu DC. Facile Construction of pH- and Redox- Responsive Micelles from a Biodegradable Poly(β-hydroxyl amine) for Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules. 2016; 17: 291–300.
- Kashyap S et al., Enzyme and Thermal Dual Responsive Amphiphilic Polymer Core-Shell Nanoparticle for Doxorubicin Delivery to Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules. 2016; 17: 384–398.
- Wang B, Liu HJ, Jiang TT, Li QH. and Chen Y. Thermo-, and pH dual-responsive poly(N-vinylimidazole): Preparation, characterization and its switchable catalytic activity. Polymer. 2014; 55: 6036–6043.
- Liu Y et al., Self-assembled micellar nanoparticles of a novel star copolymer for thermo and pH dual-responsive drug release. Journal of Colloid Interface Science. 2009; 329: 244–252.
- González N, Elvira C. and Román JS. Novel Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Polymers Derived from Ethylpyrrolidine. Macromolecules. 2005; 38: 9298–9303.
- Schilli CM et al., A New Double-Responsive Block Copolymer Synthesized via RAFT Polymerization: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(acrylic acid). Macromolecules. 2004; 37, 7861–7866.
- Zhang W et al., Micellization of Thermo- and pH-Responsive Triblock Copolymer of Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Macromolecules, 2005; 38:8850–8852.
- Zhang Y, Wu T. and Liu S. Micellization Kinetics of a Novel Multi – Responsive Double Hydrophillic Diblock Copolymer Studied by Stopped Flow. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 2007; 208:2492–2501.
- Taktak FF. and Butun V. Synthesis and physical gels of pH-and thermo-responsive tertiary amine methacrylate based ABA triblock copolymers and drug release studies Polymer, 2010; 51(16):3618– 3626.
- Han X et al., Effect of Composition of PDMAEMA-b-PAA Block Copolymers on Their pH- and Temperature-Responsive Behaviors. Langmuir .2013; 29:1024–1034.
- Butun V, Billingham NC and Armes SP., Synthesis and aqueous solution properties of novel hydrophilic–hydrophilic block copolymers based on tertiary aminemethacrylates. Chemical Communication.1997; 671–672.
- Butun V, Armes SP and Billingham NC. Polymer, Synthesis and aqueous solution properties of near-monodisperse tertiary amine methacrylate homopolymers and diblock copolymers. Polymer, 2001; 42(14): 5993–6008
- Ge ZS and Liu SY. Facile Fabrication of Multistimuli‐Responsive Metallo Supramolecular Core Cross‐Linked Block Copolymer Micelles Macromolecular Rapid Communication. 2013; 34: 922–930.
- Li CH et al., Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Coil−Rod Double Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymer with Dually Responsive Asymmetric Centipede-Shaped Polymer Brush as the Rod Segment. Macromolecules, 2009; 42: 2916–2924.
- Liu L et al., Independent temperature and pH dual-stimuli responsive yolk/shell polymer microspheres for controlled release: Structural effect. European Polymer Journal. 2015; 69: 540–551.
- Zhang YF et al., Cationic methacrylate copolymers containing primary and tertiary amino side groups: Controlled synthesis via RAFT polymerization, DNA condensation, and in vitro gene transfection Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 2008; 46: 2379–2389.
- Deng L et al., Synthesis of well-defined poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(L-glutamic acid) by a versatile approach and micellization Journal of Colloid Interface Science. 2008; 323:169–175.
- Tuncer C et al., Multi-responsive microgel of a water-soluble monomer via emulsion polymerization. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2015; 132: 42072.
- Butun V et al., Abstract Paper. American Chemical Society. 1999; 218, U443–U443.
- Butun V, Armes SP and Billingham NC. Selective quaternization of 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate residues in tertiary amine methacrylate diblock copolymers. Macromolecules.2001; 34:1148–1159.
- Butun V. Selective betainization of 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate residues in tertiary amine methacrylate diblock copolymers and their aqueous solution properties . Polymer, 2003; 44: 7321–7334.
- Webster OW et al., Group-transfer polymerization. 1. A new concept for addition polymerization with organosilicon initiators. Journal of American Chemical Society. 1983; 105: 5706–5708.
- Sheng Dai, a Palaniswamy Ravib and Kam Chiu Tam. pH-Responsive polymers: synthesis, properties and applications. The royal society of chemistry. 2007; 4: 435-436.
- Odian G, Principles of Polymerization, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,Hoboken. New York. 4th edn. Volume 1 2004.
- Matyjaszewski K and Davis T.P., Handbook of Radical Polymerization, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hoboken. South wales. 2002.
- Tan BH et al., Microstructure and rheological properties of pH-responsive core–shell particles. Polymer. 2005; 46: 10066–10076.
- Tirtaatmadja V, Tam KC and R. D. Jenkins RD. Rheological Properties of Model Alkali-Soluble Associative (HASE) Polymers: Effect of Varying Hydrophobe Chain Length Macromolecules. 1997; 30: 3271–3282.
- Dai S et al., Light Scattering of Dilute Hydrophobically Modified Alkali-Soluble Emulsion Solutions: Effects of Hydrophobicity and Spacer Length of Macromonomer. Macromolecules, 2000; 33: 7021–7028.
- Tan BH et al., Microstructure of Dilute Hydrophobically Modified Alkali Soluble Emulsion in Aqueous Salt Solution. Advance Colloid Interface Science. 2005; 113: 111–120.
- T. Fonseca et al., Preparation and Surface Characterization of Polymer Nanoparticles Designed for Incorporation into Hybrid Materials. Langmuir. 2007; 23:5727–5734.
- Patrickios CS et al., ABC triblock polymethacrylates: Group transfer polymerization synthesis of the ABC, ACB, and BAC topological isomers and solution characterization. Journal of Polymeric Science Part A: Polymeric Chemistry. 1998; 36, 617–631.
- Butun V et al., Synthesis and characterization of branched water-soluble homopolymers and diblock copolymers using group transfer polymerization. Macromolecules, 2005; 38(12):4977–4982.
- Amalvy JI et al., Synthesis of sterically stabilized polystyrene latex particles using cationic block copolymers and macromonomers and their application as stimulus-responsive particulate emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions. Langmuir. 2004; 20: 4345–4354.
- Butun V, Top RB and Ufuklar S. Synthesis and characterization of novel “schizophrenic” water-soluble triblock copolymers and shell cross-linked micelles. Macromolecules. 2006; 39(3), 1216–1225.
- Butun V, Taktak FF and Tuncer C. Tertiary Amine Methacrylate-Based ABC Triblock Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Self-Assembly in both Aqueous and Nonaqueous Media Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 2011; 212(11):1115–1128.
- Tuncer C and Butun V. Highly cross-linked soluble star copolymers with well controlled molecular weights. European Polymer journal.2015; 67: 292–303.
- Stavrouli N et al., Controlled and Living Polymerization. Macromolecular Rapid Communication. 2007; 28: 560–566.
- Patrickios CS et al., Diblock, ABC triblock, and random methacrylic polyampholytes: synthesis by group transfer polymerization and solution behaviour. Macromolecules. 1994; 27: 930–937.
- Matyjaszewski K. Controlled radical polymerization: state of the art in 2008.In: Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization: Progress in ATRP. American Chemical Society. 2009; 1023: 3–13.
- Lee SB, Russell AJ and Matyjaszewski K. ATRP Synthesis of Amphiphilic Random, Gradient, and Block Copolymers of 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate and n-Butyl Methacrylate in Aqueous Media. Biomacromolecules. 2003; 4: 1386–1393.
- P. Zhou P et al., Self-assemblies of the six-armed star triblock ABC copolymer: pH- tunable morphologies and drug release. Polymer Chemistry. 2015; 6: 2934–2944.
- Zhang WD et al. Miktoarm star copolymers via combination of RAFT arm‐first technique and aldehyde–aminooxy click reaction. Journal of Polymeric. Science. Part A: Polymeric Chemistry. 2009; 47: 6304–6315.
- Yang YQ et al., pH-sensitive micelles self-assembled from multi-arm star triblock co-polymers poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) for controlled anticancer drug delivery. Acta Biomaterialia. 2013; 9: 7679–7690.
- Medel S et al., Thermo- and pH responsive gradient and block copolymers based on 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization and the formation of thermoresponsive surfaces. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2011; 49 (3): 690-700.
- Gao T et al., Grafting polymer brushes on graphene oxide for controlling surface charge states and templated synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2013; 127(4):3074–3083.
- Abu-Lail NI et al., Micro-cantilevers with end-grafted stimulus-responsive polymer brushes for actuation and sensing.Sensors and Actuators B. 2006; 114(1): 371–378.
- Hu H et al., Synthesis and characterization of the environmental‐sensitive hyperbranched polymers as novel carriers for controlled drug release. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2006; 101(1): 311–316.
- Meijs GF, E. Rizzardo E and Thang SH. Radical addition-fragmentation chemistry in polymer synthesis. Polymer Bulletin journal. 1990; 24:501–505.
- Meijs GF, Rizzardo E and Thang SH. Preparation of controlled-molecular-weight, olefin-terminated polymers by free radical methods. Chain transfer using allylic sulfides Macromolecules. 1988; 21:3122–3124.
- Cacioli P et al., Copolymerization of ω-Unsaturated Oligo(Methyl Methacrylate): New Macromonomers. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A. 1986; 23: 839–852.
- Gregory A. and Stenzel M H. Complex polymer architectures via RAFT polymerization: From fundamental process to extending the scope using click chemistry and nature’s building blocks. Progress in Polymer Science (Oxford). 2012; 37:38–105.
- Smith A E. Xu X. and Mccormick C L. Stimuli-responsive amphiphilic (co)polymers via RAFT polymerization. Progress in Polymer Science. 2010; 35: 45–93.
- Lowe A B. and Mccormick C L. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization and the synthesis of water- soluble(co)polymers under homogeneous conditions in organic and aqueous media. Progress in Polymer Science. 2007; 32: 283–351.
- Lovett JR et al., pH-Responsive Non-Ionic Diblock Copolymers: Ionization of Carboxylic Acid End-Groups Induces an Order–Order Morphological Transition. Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English) .2015; 54:1279–1283.
- Dupin D et al., Efficient synthesis of sterically stabilized pH-responsive microgels of controllable particle diameter by emulsion polymerization. Langmuir . 2006; 22(7): 3381–3387.
- Saunders BR, Crowther HM and B. Vincent B. Poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(methacrylic acid)] Microgel Particles: Swelling Control Using pH, Cononsolvency, and Osmotic Deswelling. Macromolecules. 1997; 30: 482–487.
- Deka SR et al., Acidic pH-responsive nanogels as smart cargo systems for the simultaneous loading and release of short oligonucleotides and magnetic nanoparticles. Langmuir, 2010; 26:10315– 10324.
- Liechty WB, Scheuerle RL and Peppas NA. Tunable responsive nanogels containing t-butyl methacrylate and 2-(tbutylamino)ethyl methacrylate. Polymer. 2013; 54: 3784–3795.
- Almeida Hugo, Helena Amaral Maria and Lobão Paulo. Temperature and pH stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications in controlled and selfregulated drug delivery. Journal of pharmaceutical science. 2012; 2(6): 01-10.
- Aguilar MR et al., Aguilar t al. Smart Polymers and Their Applications as Biomaterials. Topics in Tissue Engineering. Eds. N Ashammakhi, R Reis and E Chiellini. Woodhead Publishing. 2007; 3.
- Chourasia MK, Jain SK. Pharmaceutical approaches to colon targeted drug delivery systems. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2003; 6: 33-66.
- Chourasia MK, Jain SK. Polysaccharides for colon targeted drug delivery. Drug Delivery 2004; 11(12):9-148.
- Ashish J. Colon Targeting Using pH Sensitive Materials. Advance Research of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2018; 8(5): 555748.
- Mishra S. Formulation and evaluation of pH sensitive nanoparticles for colon targeted drug delivery system, 3rd International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmaceutics and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Hilton Chicago/Northbrook, USA. 2013; 2(2):169.
- Jain A. Quasi emulsion spherical crystallization technique based environmentally responsive Tulsion® (pH dependent) microspheres for colon specific delivery. Journal of applied biomedicine. 2016; 14(2):147-155.
- Shi X et al. In vitro and in vivo study of pH-sensitive and colon-targeting P(LE-IA- MEG) hydrogel microspheres used for ulcerative colitis therapy. European Journal of Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics. 2017; 122: 70-77.
- Agrawal D et al., Formulation and charecterisation of colon targeted pH dependent microspheres of capecitabine for colorectal cancer. Journal of drug delivery and Therapeutics. 2013; 3(6): 215-222.
- Gil ES, Hudson SM. Stimuli-responsive polymers and their bioconjugates. Progression Polymer Science. 2004; 29(12):1173-1222.
- Ruel-Gariépy E, Leroux J. In situ-forming hydrogels-review of temperature-sensitive systems. European Journal of Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics. 2004; 58(2):409-426.
- Godbey WT, Mikos AG. Recent progress in gene delivery using non-viral transfer complexes. Journal of Control Release. 2001; 72:115-125.
- Borchard G. Chitosans for gene delivery. Advance Drug Delivery Review 2001; 52: 145-150.
- Leong KW et al., DNA-polycation nanospheres as non-viral gene delivery vehicles. Journal of Control Release. 1998; 53: 183-193.
- Henry SM et al., pH-responsive poly (styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) alkylamide copolymers for intracellular drug delivery. Biomacromolecules. 2006; 7: 2407–2414.
- Pack DW et al., Design and development of polymers for gene delivery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2005; 4: 581–593.
- Grainger ST and El-Sayed MEH. Stimuli-sensitive particles for drug delivery. Biologically-responsive hybrid biomaterials: a reference for material scientists and bioengineers. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, Danvers. 2010; 171-189.
- Jeong B, Gutowska A. Lessons from Nature: stimuli-responsivepolymers and their biomedical applications. Trends Biotechnology. 2002; 20 (7):305-310.
- Hu J and Liu S. Responsive Polymers for Detection and Sensing Applications: Current Status and Future Developments. Macromolecules, 2010; 43: 8315–8330.
- Kulkarni SS., Aloorkar NH. Smart polymers in drug delivery: an overview. Journal of pharmaceutical Research. 2010; 3(1):100-108.
- Fogueri LR, Singh S. Smart polymers for controlled delivery of proteins and peptides: A review of patents. Recent Patent Drug Delivery Formulation. 2009; 3(1):40-48.
- Torres-Lugo M. and Peppas NA. Transmucosal delivery systems for calcitonin:A review. Biomaterials. 2000; 21: 1191–1196.
- Herber S et al., Miniaturizedcarbon dioxide gas sensor based on sensing of pH-sensitive hydrogel swelling with a pressure sensor. Biomedical Microdevices. 2005; 7:197–204.
- Morishita M et al., Elucidation of the mechanism of incorporation of insulin in controlled release systems based on complexation polymers. Journal of Control Release. 2002; 81(1-2):25-32.
- Foss AC et al., Development of acrylic-based copolymers for oral insulin delivery. European Journal of Pharmacy and Biopharmaceuticals. 2004; 57(2):163-169.
- Terefe NS et al., Application of stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Sustainable Ion Exchange Chromatography. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2014; 92: 208–225.
Abstract Views: 246
PDF Views: 0