Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Educating Parents on Hazards of Adolescence that Can Enable them to Grow their Teens as a Healthy Adult


Affiliations
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
2 London College of Clinical Hypnosis Asia, Malaysia
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Adolescence characterized the highest rate of neurodevelopment; their levels of cognitive, social and emotional capacities relatively at the peak. Transiting from childhood to adulthood intensively preparing for the responsibilities of adulthood is challenging for adolescents. It is a period of stress and storms the pressures of modern day life can affect a child’s mental and emotional wellbeing. Thus, there is a need for parental awareness regarding various biological and psychological factors involved in their adaption process. The current review study aims to explore different aspects of an adaption process and need for parental awareness. This literature review was completed using electronic databases. The current study had analyzed 70 articles from the years 1933 to 2018. Reviewed articles had explored an adolescent behavior from different a perspective and also learned the need for parental awareness to stand beside adolescents to promote their identity formation process. The study concludes in its place of stigmatizing adolescents are weird conceptualize the wonderful part of them. Further, the study suggests that governmental and non-governmental organizations conduct should conduct awareness programs for the parents and teachers, and educators to promote adolescent health and wellbeing. The current review study had analyzed that weirdness and wonderfulness in adolescents’ behavior. Further study concludes parents and teachers should be aware of these lifespan developmental facts that adolescents’ undergo. Developing awareness among parents and educators can change their perspective towards adolescence. Parents and teachers need to conceptualize wonderful qualities in adolescents like neuronal plasticity, ability to flex, quick learning and adaptability may help to mend adolescents to grow as a healthy adult.

Keywords

Adolescence, Adaption Process, Identity Formation, Parental Awareness.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Arnett JJ. Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist. 2000: 55(5); 469.
  • Medlin NM. Adolescent psychological separation-individuation and the identity formation process, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. 1992: 3226-3226. https://search.proquest.com/docview/303950403?accountid=5021
  • Steinberg L. Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in cognitive sciences. 2005: 9(2); 69-74.
  • Steinberg L. Risk taking in adolescence: what changes, and why? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2004: 1021(1); 51-8.
  • Selman RL. The growth of interpersonal understanding: Developmental and clinical analyses. Academic Press, New York. 1980.
  • Mazor A and Enright RD. The development of the individuation process from a social-cognitive perspective. Journal of Adolescence. 1988:11(1); 29-47.
  • Bronfenbrenner U. Reaction to social pressure from adults versus peers among Soviet day school and boarding school pupils in the perspective of an American sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1970:15(3); 179.
  • Kandel D. Inter‐and intragenerational influences on adolescent marijuana use. Journal of Social Issues. 1974:30(2); 107-35
  • United States Science, Technology Office, United States. President's Science Advisory Committee. Panel on Youth. Youth: Transition to Adulthood; Report of the Panel on Youth of the President's Science Advisory Committee. Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President; 1973.
  • Steinberg L. A dual systems model of adolescent risk‐taking. Developmental Psychobiology: The Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology. 2010: 52(3); 216-24.
  • Eaton DK. et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2005. Journal of school health. 2006:76(7); 353-72.
  • Turner RA.et al. Autonomy, relatedness, and the initiation of health risk behaviors in early adolescence. Health Psychology. 1993:12(3); 200.
  • Resnick MD.et al. Protecting adolescents from harm: findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. Jama.1997: 278(10); 823-32.
  • Deci E, Ryan RM. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Science & Business Media, Springer.1985.
  • Grolnick WS., Deci EL and Ryan RM. Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 1997.
  • Bogin B. Adolescence in evolutionary perspective. Acta Paediatrica. 1994: 83; 29-35.
  • Botvin GJ.et al. Long-term follow-up results of a randomized drug abuse prevention trial in a white middle-class population. Jama.1995: 273(14); 1106-12.
  • Nelson RC., Dandeneau CJ and Schrader MK. Working with Adolescents: Building Effective Communication and Choice-making Skills. Educational Media Corporation. 1994.
  • Sabatelli RM and Mazor A. Differentiation, individuation, and identity formation: The integration of family system and individual developmental perspectives. Adolescence. 1985.
  • Bowen M. Theory in the practice of psychotherapy. Family therapy: Theory and practice. 1976: 4(1); 2-90.
  • Freud S. New introductory lessons on psychoanalysis. In J. Strachey (Ed. &Trans.).The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud London: Hogarth Press. 22, 1-182. 1933.
  • Lewis ME. Child and adolescent psychiatry: A comprehensive textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers, 2002.
  • Stortelder F and Ploegmakers-Burg M. Adolescence and the reorganization of infant development: a neuro-psychoanalytic model. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry. 2010: 38(3); 503-31.
  • Mayes LC. Interface between psychoanalytic Developmental Theory and Other Disciplines. Textbook of psychoanalysis: Arlington, American Psychiatric Publishing. 2005
  • Kandel ER. Biology and the future of psychoanalysis: a new intellectual framework for psychiatry revisited. American Journal of Psychiatry.1999: 156(4); 505-24.
  • Gergely G and Unoka Z. The development of the unreflective self. Mentalization. Theoretical considerations, research findings and clinical implications. Analytic Press, New York. 2008: 57-102.
  • Dennett D. Intentional systems theory: The Oxford handbook of philosophy of mind. MIT Press, Cambridge MA. 2009: 339-50.
  • Schore AN. Affect regulation and the repair of the self (norton series on interpersonal neurobiology).WW Norton & Company; Norton, New York. 2003.
  • Stortelder F, Ploegmakers-Burg M. Adolescence and the reorganization of infant development: a neuro-psychoanalytic model. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry. 2010 Sep; 38(3):503-31.
  • Freud, A. Adolescence. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. New York: Int.1958.
  • Blakemore SJ and Choudhury S. Development of the adolescent brain: implications for executive function and social cognition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2006:47(34); 296-312.
  • Freud A. Normality and pathology in childhood. International Universities Press, New York.1965.
  • Larson R., Csikszentmihalyi M and Graef R. Mood variability and the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence.1980: 9(6); 469-90.
  • Freud A. Acting out. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis.1968: 49; 165-70.
  • Buchanan CM. et al. Parents' and teachers' beliefs about adolescents: Effects of sex and experience. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 1990:19(4); 363-94
  • Hall GS. Adolescence: Its Psychology and Its Relations to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, R. Biblio Life, Llc; 1904.
  • Eccles JS.et al. Development during adolescence: The impact of stage-environment fit on young adolescents' experiences in schools and in families. American Psychologist. 1993: 48(2); 90.
  • Moos C. et al. Interaction of C-protein with myosin, myosin rod and light meromyosin. Journal of Molecular Biology. 1975:97(1); 1-9.
  • Erikson EH. Childhood and Society, Norton, New York. 1950
  • Erikson EH. Youth: Identity and crisis. Norton, New York, NY: WW. 1968.
  • Mishra AK., Akoijam AB, and Misra G. Social psychological perspectives on self and identity. Psychology in India. Social and Organizational Processes.2009: 2; 53-103.
  • O’Brien C. Eriksonian identity theory in counterterrorism. Journal of Strategic Security. 2010: 3(3); 27-38. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol3/iss3/3
  • Sokol JT. Identity development throughout the lifetime: An examination of Eriksonian theory. Graduate Journal of Counseling Psychology.2009:1(2); 14.
  • Kumru A and Thompson RA. Ego identity status and self-monitoring behavior in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research.2003:18(5); 481-95.
  • Erikson EH. Childhood and society (2nd Eds): NY: Norton, New York. 1963.
  • Erikson EH and Erikson JM. The life cycle completed (extended version). WW Norton & Company, New York/London.1998.
  • Sowell ER.et al. Development of cortical and subcortical brain structures in childhood and adolescence: a structural MRI study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2002: 44(1); 4-16.
  • Paus T. Mapping brain maturation and cognitive development during adolescence. Trends in cognitive sciences.2005: 9(2); 60-8.
  • Giedd J. et. al. Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nature neuroscience.1999: 2(10); 861.
  • Casey BJ. Et al. Sensitivity of prefrontal cortex to changes in target probability: a functional MRI study. Human brain mapping.2001: 13(1); 26-33.
  • Miller EK and Cohen JD. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual review of neuroscience. 2001: 24(1); 167-202.
  • Power JD, et al. The development of human functional brain networks. Neuron. 2010: 67(5); 735-48.
  • Yurgelun-Todd DA, and Killgore WD. Fear-related activity in the prefrontal cortex increases with age during adolescence: a preliminary fMRI study. Neuroscience Letters. 2006: 406(3); 194-9.
  • Yurgelun-Todd D. Emotional and cognitive changes during adolescence. Current opinion in neurobiology. 2007:17(2); 251-7
  • Rubia K, et al. Progressive increase of frontostriatal brain activation from childhood to adulthood during event‐related tasks of cognitive control. Human Brain Mapping. 2006: 27(12); 973-93.
  • Durston S, et al. A shift from diffuse to focal cortical activity with development. Developmental Science. 2006: 9(1); 1-8.
  • Giedd JN, et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of human brain development: ages 4–18. Cerebral Cortex. 1996: 6(4); 551-9.
  • Baxter MG, et al. Control of response selection by reinforce value requires interaction of amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience.2000: 20(11); 4311-9.
  • Grace AA, et al. Regulation of firing of dopaminergic neurons and control of goal-directed behaviors. Trends in Neurosciences. 2007: 30(5); 220-7.
  • Gogtay N, et al. Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2004:101(21); 8174-9.
  • Wahlstrom D, et al. Developmental changes in dopamine neurotransmission in adolescence: behavioral implications and issues in assessment. Brain and Cognition.2010:72(1); 146-59.
  • Casey BJ, et al. imaging the developing brain: what have we learned about cognitive development? Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2005: 9(3); 104-10.
  • Fuster JM. Frontal lobe and cognitive development. Journal of Neurocytology.2002: 31(3-5); 373-85.
  • Spear LP. The developing brain and adolescent-typical behavior patterns: An evolutionary approach. Adolescent psychopathology and the developing brain: Integrating brain and prevention science. Oxford University Press, New York. 2007: 9-30.
  • Galvan A, et al. Risk‐taking and the adolescent brain: Who is at risk? Developmental Science. 2007:10(2); F8-14.
  • Steinberg L. A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review. 2008: 28(1); 78-106.
  • McGinnis JM, and Foege WH. Actual causes of death in the United States. Jama. 1993:270(18); 2207-12.
  • Turner RA.et al. Autonomy, relatedness, and the initiation of health risk behaviors in early adolescence. Health Psychology.1993:12(3); 200.
  • Williams GC, et al. Extrinsic Life Goals and Health‐Risk Behaviors in Adolescents 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2000: 30(8); 1756-71.
  • Kalsbeek A. et al. Development of the dopaminergic innervation in the prefrontal cortex of the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1988: 269(1); 58-72.
  • Spear LP. Effects of adolescent alcohol consumption on the brain and behavior. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2018 Apr; 19(4):197.

Abstract Views: 171

PDF Views: 0




  • Educating Parents on Hazards of Adolescence that Can Enable them to Grow their Teens as a Healthy Adult

Abstract Views: 171  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Vidya Bhagat
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Nordin Bin Simbak
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Sheila Menon
London College of Clinical Hypnosis Asia, Malaysia

Abstract


Adolescence characterized the highest rate of neurodevelopment; their levels of cognitive, social and emotional capacities relatively at the peak. Transiting from childhood to adulthood intensively preparing for the responsibilities of adulthood is challenging for adolescents. It is a period of stress and storms the pressures of modern day life can affect a child’s mental and emotional wellbeing. Thus, there is a need for parental awareness regarding various biological and psychological factors involved in their adaption process. The current review study aims to explore different aspects of an adaption process and need for parental awareness. This literature review was completed using electronic databases. The current study had analyzed 70 articles from the years 1933 to 2018. Reviewed articles had explored an adolescent behavior from different a perspective and also learned the need for parental awareness to stand beside adolescents to promote their identity formation process. The study concludes in its place of stigmatizing adolescents are weird conceptualize the wonderful part of them. Further, the study suggests that governmental and non-governmental organizations conduct should conduct awareness programs for the parents and teachers, and educators to promote adolescent health and wellbeing. The current review study had analyzed that weirdness and wonderfulness in adolescents’ behavior. Further study concludes parents and teachers should be aware of these lifespan developmental facts that adolescents’ undergo. Developing awareness among parents and educators can change their perspective towards adolescence. Parents and teachers need to conceptualize wonderful qualities in adolescents like neuronal plasticity, ability to flex, quick learning and adaptability may help to mend adolescents to grow as a healthy adult.

Keywords


Adolescence, Adaption Process, Identity Formation, Parental Awareness.

References