Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Prevalence Study on Tobacco Smoking and Related Factors of Among Residents of a Suburb Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia


Affiliations
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Introduction: The smoking is social malice causing ill health in smokers its prevalence commonly associated with social and demographic factors associated with smoking, specifically people’s knowledge and attitude towards smoking. Purpose of this study is to explore the factors associated with the prevalence of smoking among the respondents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional community study involving 349 eligible residents aged 15 years and above in Kampung Gong Penaga sub-urban village in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Data were obtained via face-to-face interviews using a standardized, self-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistics regression with forwarding likelihood ratio method was applied to explore the factors associated with the prevalence of smoking among the respondents. Results: The overall prevalence of smoking was 27.2% (95% CI: 22.5, 31.9). The respondents’ knowledge score was ranged from 14 to 57 with mean score of 47.15 (6.89) meanwhile the attitude score was ranged from 50 to 133 with mean score of 102.13 (11.93) regarding tobacco smoking and its effect on health issues. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed being male (p <0.001), being employed (p =0.025), having smokers in the family (p =0.002), having colleague or friend smokers (p <0.001) and total attitude score were found to be significant associated with prevalence of smoking among the respondents. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among Malaysians aged 15 years and over, remains high despite the implementation of several anti-smoking measures over the past decades. Tobacco smoking and its effect on health among Malaysian residents were directly influenced by overall attitude and their peers and their family smoking behaviours. Having knowledge does not appear to be related to smoking behaviours. Thus the study recommends health care providers, and authorities should program their preventive measures that focus on attitudinal change among smokers which promote anti-smoking activities and curb this social malaise

Keywords

Tobacco, Smoking. Knowledge, Attitude, Other Factors.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Smoking - symptoms, average, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis. 2018 Dec 14. http://www.healthofchildren.com/S/Smoking.html

  • Henricksen W. Intended Injury: Transferred Intent and Reliance in Climate Change Fraud. Available at SSRN 3349178. 2019.

  • Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS medicine.2006:3(11); e442.

  • World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2017: monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies: World Health Organization; 2017.

  • Ministry of Health Malaysia. Global Adult Tobacco Survey : Fact Sheet Malaysia 2011. 2012; Available from: http://www.moh.gov.my/images/gallery/Report/GATS_Malaysia.pdf

  • Lim KH, Teh CH, Heng PP, Pan S, Ling MY, Yusoff M, Fadhli M, Ghazali SM, Kee CC, Shaharudin R, Lim HL. Source of cigarettes among youth smokers in Malaysia: Findings from the tobacco and e-cigarette survey among Malaysian school adolescents (TECMA). Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2018: 1; 16.

  • Lim HK, Ghazali SM, Kee CC, Lim KK, Chan YY, Teh HC, Yusoff AF, Kaur G, Zain ZM, Mohamad MH, Salleh S. Epidemiology of smoking among Malaysian adult males: prevalence and associated factors. BMC Public Health.2013:13(1); 8.

  • Hum WL, Hsien CC, Nantha YS. A review of smoking research in Malaysia: Med J Malaysia.2016:71; 29.

  • Huang CC, Chen TH. Moral Norm and the Two-Component Theory of Planned Behavior Model in Predicting Knowledge Sharing Intention: A Role of Mediator Desire. Psychology.2015: 6(13); 1685.

  • Ganley BJ, Rosario DI. The smoking attitudes, knowledge, intent, and behaviors of adolescents and young adults: implications for nursing practice. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2013: 3(1); 40.

  • Rampal L, Narasimman S. A community based study on the prevalence and factors affecting smoking in Kampong Jenderam Hilir, Sepang, Selangor. Medical Journal of Malaysia. 2003:8(1); 54-61.

  • Lekhraj Rampal G, Sanjay R, Azhar M, Kamil M. A Communitybased Study on the Prevalence and Factors Affecting Smoking in Terengganu State. Malaysian J Med Heal Sci Malaysian J Med Heal Sci Malaysian J Med Heal Sci [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018: ; 2(22); 61–9.

  • Chan YY, Teh CH, Lim KK, Lim KH, Yeo PS, Kee CC, Omar MA, Ahmad NA. Lifestyle, chronic diseases and self-rated health among Malaysian adults: results from the 2011 National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS). BMC Public Health. 2015: (1);754.

  • Fichtenberg CM, Glantz SA. Association of the California Tobacco Control Program with declines in cigarette consumption and mortality from heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000: 343(24); 1772-7.

  • World Health Organization. Global adult tobacco survey: Thailand report, 2011.

  • Lim KH, Jasvindar K, Cheong SM, Ho BK, Lim HL, Teh CH, Lau KJ, Suthahar A, Ambigga D. Prevalence of smoking and its associated factors with smoking among elderly smokers in Malaysia: findings from a nationwide population-based study. Tobacco induced diseases. 2016: (1); 8.

  • Lim HK, Ghazali SM, Kee CC, Lim KK, Chan YY, Teh HC, Yusoff AF, Kaur G, Zain ZM, Mohamad MH, Salleh S. Epidemiology of smoking among Malaysian adult males: prevalence and associated factors. BMC Public Health: 2013: (1); 8.

  • Orosová O, Gajdosová B, Madarasová-Gecková A, van Dijk JP. Rizikové Faktory Uzívania Drog Dospiev Ajúcimi. Ceskoslovenská psychologies.2007: 51(1); 32.

  • Roberts B, Stickley A, Gilmore AB, Danishevski K, Kizilova K, Bryden A, Rotman D, Haerpfer C, McKee M. Knowledge of the health impacts of smoking and public attitudes towards tobacco control in the former Soviet Union. Tobacco control, 2013: 22 (6):e12-.e12

  • Lim KH, Sumarni MG, Amal NM, Hanjeet K, Wan Rozita WM, Norhamimah A. Tobacco use, knowledge and attitude among Malaysians age 18 and above. Trop Biomed. 2009:26(1); 92-.9

  • Latif Z, Jamshed J, Khan MM. Knowledge, attitude and practice of cigarette smoking among university students in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study: International Journal. 2017: (9); 240.

  • AH NI, AR NA, AR NI. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Smoking among International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan Communities. International Medical Journal Malaysia.2016: 15(2).

  • AlQahtani JM. Knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco smoking among health colleges' students at Najran University, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Journal of Health Specialties. 2017: 5(1); 35.

  • Xu X, Liu L, Sharma M, Zhao Y. Smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, smoking cessation idea and education level among young adult male smokers in Chongqing, China. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2015: (2); 2135-49

  • 25. Joy T, Sathian B, Bhattarai C, Chacko J. Awareness of cervix cancer risk factors in educated youth: a cross- sectional, questionnaire based survey in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: 2011:12;1707-12.

  • Dawood OT, Rashan MA, Hassali MA, Saleem F. Knowledge and perception about health risks of cigarette smoking among Iraqi smokers. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences. 2016: (2):146.

  • Cheng HG, McBride O, Phillips MR. Relationship between knowledge about the harms of smoking and smoking status in the 2010 Global Adult Tobacco China Survey. Tobacco control. 2015: 24(1); 54-61.

  • Adeniyi BO, Ilesanmi OS, Babasola OM, Awokola BI, Kareem AO, Obaseki D, Erhabor GE. Knowledge of the health consequences of tobacco smoking among Nigerian smokers: A secondary analysis of the Global Tobacco Survey. African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine. 2017: 23(4); 113-21.

  • Minh An DT, Van Minh H, Huong LT, Bao Giang K, Thanh Xuan LT, Thi Hai P, Quynh Nga P, Hsia J. Knowledge of the health consequences of tobacco smoking: a cross-sectional survey of Vietnamese adults. Global health action. 2013: 6(1); 18707.

  • Ng M, Freeman MK, Fleming TD, Robinson M, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Thomson B, Wollum A, Sanman E, Wulf S, Lopez AD, Murray CJ. Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012. Jama. 2014: 311(2);183-92.

  • Wagathu R, Nursing O, Tel SK, Health C, Health R, Health N. Effect Of Giving Birth To A Child With Congenital Anomalies On Mothers In Newborn Unit , Kenyatta. 2018: 3(6); 69–80.

  • Hudson B, Zgaga P, Björn Å. Advancing quality cultures for teacher education in Europe: Tensions and opportunities. Umeå School of Education, Umeå University, Sweden; 2010.

  • Al-Haqwi AI, Tamim H, Asery A. Knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco smoking by medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Annals of thoracic medicine. 2010: (3);145.

  • Baig M, Bakarman MA, Gazzaz ZJ, Khabaz MN, Ahmed TJ, Qureshi IA, Hussain MB, Alzahrani AH, AlShehri AA, Basendwah MA, Altherwi FB. Reasons and motivations for cigarette smoking and barriers against quitting among a sample of young people in jeddah, saudi arabia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17:3483-7.

  • Hodgetts G, Broers T, Godwin M. Smoking behaviour, knowledge and attitudes among Family Medicine physicians and nurses in Bosnia and Herzegovina. BMC family practice. 2004:5(1);12.

  • Mullins R, Trotter L, Letcher T. Environmental tobacco smoke: public opinions and behaviour in 1998: 10; 15-36.

  • Brenner H, Born J, Novak P, et al. Smoking behaviour and attitude toward smoking regulations and passive smoking in the workplace: a study among 974 employees in the German metal industry. Prev Med 1997: 26; 138–43.

  • Patra J, Bhatia M, Suraweera W, Morris SK, Patra C, Gupta PC, Jha P. Exposure to second-hand smoke and the risk of tuberculosis in children and adults: a systematic review and metaanalysis of 18 observational studies. PLoS medicine. 2015: 12(6); e1001835.


Abstract Views: 222

PDF Views: 0




  • Prevalence Study on Tobacco Smoking and Related Factors of Among Residents of a Suburb Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract Views: 222  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Myat Moe Thwe Aung
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
San San Oo
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Azmi Bin Hassan
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Safiya Binti Amaran
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Megat Mustaqim Bin Megat Iskandar
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Aniza Binti Abd Aziz
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Rahmah Binti Mohd Amin
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Tengku Mohammad Ariff Bin Raja Hussin
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Vidya Bhagat
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract


Introduction: The smoking is social malice causing ill health in smokers its prevalence commonly associated with social and demographic factors associated with smoking, specifically people’s knowledge and attitude towards smoking. Purpose of this study is to explore the factors associated with the prevalence of smoking among the respondents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional community study involving 349 eligible residents aged 15 years and above in Kampung Gong Penaga sub-urban village in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Data were obtained via face-to-face interviews using a standardized, self-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistics regression with forwarding likelihood ratio method was applied to explore the factors associated with the prevalence of smoking among the respondents. Results: The overall prevalence of smoking was 27.2% (95% CI: 22.5, 31.9). The respondents’ knowledge score was ranged from 14 to 57 with mean score of 47.15 (6.89) meanwhile the attitude score was ranged from 50 to 133 with mean score of 102.13 (11.93) regarding tobacco smoking and its effect on health issues. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed being male (p <0.001), being employed (p =0.025), having smokers in the family (p =0.002), having colleague or friend smokers (p <0.001) and total attitude score were found to be significant associated with prevalence of smoking among the respondents. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among Malaysians aged 15 years and over, remains high despite the implementation of several anti-smoking measures over the past decades. Tobacco smoking and its effect on health among Malaysian residents were directly influenced by overall attitude and their peers and their family smoking behaviours. Having knowledge does not appear to be related to smoking behaviours. Thus the study recommends health care providers, and authorities should program their preventive measures that focus on attitudinal change among smokers which promote anti-smoking activities and curb this social malaise

Keywords


Tobacco, Smoking. Knowledge, Attitude, Other Factors.

References