Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Potential in Vitro and in Vivo Bioactivities of Schleichera Oleosa (Lour.) Oken: A Traditionally Important Medicinal Plant of Bangladesh


Affiliations
1 Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000,, Bangladesh
2 Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


People in Bangladeshi village area have long practice to take plant-based products for their basic health care. Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken (Family: Sapindaceae) is an important folk medicine in Bangladesh, India that has been used to cure a wide variety of human ailments. Here, the crude methanol extract of S. oleosa leaf (MESOL) and its various solvent (Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, aqueous) fractions were evaluated to determine the level of biological activities by both In vitro and in vivo approaches. The crude methanol extract along with its different solvent fractions was investigated for antioxidant activity by measuring total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxic activity was performed by brine shrimp lethality bioassay method. The blood clot lysis ability was screened using aspirin as standard. In vitro anti-inflammatory test was performed by RBC membrane stabilizing activity. Beside In vitro analysis, tail immersion procedure and formalin-induced writhing test were carried out to evaluate the analgesic activity of the plant extract in mice. In addition, the anti-diarrheal activity was determined by castor oil-induced diarrheal model in mice. The ethyl acetate fraction of S. oleosa showed prominent antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radical with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 9.46 μg/ml, possibly due to its highest phenol content (103.23 mg of GAE/g of plant extract). The crude methanol extract revealed significant cytotoxicity towards brine shrimp with an LC<sub>50</sub> value of 16.79 μg/ml. The dichloromethane fraction showed moderate blood clot lysis ability (28.93% clot lysis) while the crude methanol extract of S. oleosa leaf produced the highest 74.62% inhibition of hemolysis that was induced by hypotonic solution. During in vivo assay, the crude methanol extract of S. oleosa leaf produced significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent pain response and anti-diarrheal effect in mice. The present study revealed that Schleichera oleosa possesses significant pharmacological activities. However, additional studies are compulsory to discover the mechanism of action of this plant extract.


Keywords

Schleichera oleosa, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Thrombolytic, Membrane Stabilizing, Analgesic, Anti-diarrheal, Hypoglycemic.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Rangasamy P, Hansiya VP, Maheswari PU, Suman T, Geetha N. Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-urolithiatic Potential of Various Fractions of Clitoria ternatea L. Blue Flowered Leaves. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2019; 9(2): 67-76.

  • Tiwari P, Patel RK. Estimation of Total Phenolics and Flavonoids and Antioxidant Potential of ashwagandharishta Prepared by Traditional and Modern Methods. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2013; 3(4): 147-152.

  • Rashid MA, Haque MR, Sikder MA, Chowdhury AA, Rahman MS, Hasan, C. Review on Chemistry and Bioactivities of Secondary Metabolites from Some Medicinal Plants and Microbes of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal. 2014; 17(1): 1-17.

  • Uddin SJ, Grice ID, Tiralongo E. Cytotoxic Effects of Bangladeshi Medicinal Plant Extracts. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine:eCAM. 2011; 2011: 578092.

  • Pappachen LK, Sreelakshmi KS. Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Cytotoxicity Studies of Mussaenda frondosa Linn Leaves. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017; 10(12) 4227-4230.

  • Thind TS, Singh R, Kaur R. Rampal G, Arora S. In vitro Antiradical Properties and Total Phenolic Contents in Methanol Extract/Fractions from Bark of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. Medicinal Chemistry Research. 2011; 20: 254-260.

  • Meshram N, Ojha M, Singh A, Alexander A, Ajazuddin, Sharma M. Significance and Traditional Medicinal Properties of Schleichera oleosa. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015; 5(1): 61-64.

  • Palanuvej C, Vipunngeun N. Fatty Acid Constituents of Schleichera oleosa (Lour) Oken Seed Oil. Journal of Health Research. 2008; 22(4): 203.

  • Mahaptma SP, Sahoo HP. An Ethano Medico Botanical study of Bolangi, Orissa, India: Native Plant Remedies Against Gynecological Diseases. Ethanobotanical Leaflets. 2008; 12: 846-850.

  • Goswami S. and Singh RP. Ayurvedic, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken: a Traditional Plant with Enormous Biological Activity. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2017; 6(10): 295-309.

  • Ghosh P, Chakraborty P, Mandal A, Rasul MG, Chakraborty M, Saha A. Triterpenoids from Schleichera oleosa of Darjeeling Foothills and Their Antimicrobial Activity. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011; 73(2): 231-233.

  • Pettit GR, Numata A, Cragg GM, Herald DL, Takada T, Iwamoto C, Riesen R, Schmidt JM, Doubek DL, Goswami A. Isolation and Structures of schleicherastatins 1-7 and schleicheols 1 and 2 from the Teak Forest Medicinal Tree Schleichera oleosa. Journal of Natural Product. 2000; 63(1): 72-78.

  • Anjum N, Hossain MJ, Haque MR, Chowdhury A, Rashid MA, Kuddus MR. Phytochemical Investigation of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken Leaf. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal. 2021; 24(1): 33-36.

  • Islam M, Jannat T, Kuddus MR, Rashid MA, Haque, MR. In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Pharmacological Potentials of Campsis radicans L. Clinical Phytoscience. 2019; 5: 42.

  • Fahad T, Kuddus MR, Hasan C. Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Bark Extract of Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thomson. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020; 19(2): 125-131.

  • VanWagenen BC, Larsen R, Cardellina JH, Randazzo D, Lidert ZC, Swithenbank C. Ulosantion, a Potent Insecticide from the Sponge Ulosa ruetzleri. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1993; 58(2): 335-337.

  • Skerget M, Kotnik P, Hadolin M, Hras AR, Simonic M, Knez Z. Phenols, Proanthocyanidins, Flavones and Flavonols in Some Plant Materials and Their Antioxidant Activities. Food Chemistry. 2005; 89(2): 191-198.

  • Jenifer P, Balakrishnan CP, Pillai SC. In-vitro Antioxidant Activity of Marine Red Algae Gracilaria foliifera. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2017; 7(2): 105-108.

  • Saha D, Paul S. Cytotoxic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Alpinia conchigera Griff (Family: Zingiberaceae). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2012; 2(2): 86-88.

  • Prasad S, Kashyap RS, Deopujari JY, Purohit HJ, Taori GM, Daginawala HF. Effect of Fagonia arabica (Dhamasa) on In vitro Thrombolysis. BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine. 2007; 7: 36.

  • Shinde UA, Phadke AS, Nair AM, Mungantiwar AA, Dikshit VJ, Saraf MN. Membrane Stabilizing Activity-a Possible Mechanism of Action for the Anti-inflammatory Activity of Cedrus deodara Wood Oil. Fitoterapia. 1999; 70(3): 251-257.

  • Hossain MJ, Sultan MZ, Rashid MA, Kuddus MR. Does Rabeprazole Sodium Alleviate the Anti-diabetic Activity of Linagliptin? Drug-Drug Interaction Analysis by In vitro and in vivo Methods. Drug Research. 2020; 70(11): 519-527.

  • Karmakar UK, Rahman KS, Biswas NN, Islam MA, Ahmed MI, Shill MC, Paul P, Kamruzzaman M. Antidiarrheal, Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of Trapa bispinosa Roxb. Fruits. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2011; 4(2): 294-297.

  • Devi MRC, Ramesh B. Hypoglycemic Activity of Leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018; 8(2): 99-103.

  • Sahu P, Sahu K, Dubey RD, Chatterjee S, Chatterjee T. Herbal Antioxidants: A Review. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2010; 2(6): 427-434.

  • Sadeghi Z, Valizadeh J, Azyzian Shermeh O, Akaberi M. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Boerhavia elegans (choisy) Grown in Baluchestan, Iran. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 2015; 5(1): 1-9.

  • Thind TS, Rampal G, Agrawal SK, Saxena AK, Arora S. Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Radical-Scavenging Activities of Root Extracts of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. Natural Product Research. 2012; 26(18): 1728‐1731.

  • Oany AR, Siddikey AA, Hossain, MU. Islam R, Emran AA. A Preliminary Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Antihyperglycemic and Antinociceptive Activity of Polygonum hydropiper L. Ethanolic Leaf Extract. Clinical Phytoscience. 2017; 2: 2.

  • Pietri S, Maurelli E, Drieu K, Culcasi M. Cardioprotective and Anti-oxidant Effects of the Terpenoid Constituents of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 1997; 29(2): 733-742.

  • Ahmed F, Rahman MS. Preliminary Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging, Thrombolytic and Membrane Stabilizing Capabilities of Organic Fractions of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis.) skeels Leaves. BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine. 2016; 16: 247.

  • Ezeja M, Omeh Y, Ezeigbo L, Ekechukwu A. Evaluation of the Analgesic Activity of the Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Dialium guineense (Wild). Annals and Medical Health Sciences Research. 2011; 1(1): 55-62.

  • Hossain MJ, Kuddus MR, Rashid MA, Sultan MZ. Understanding and Dealing the SARS-COV-2 Infection: An Updated Concise Review. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal. 2021; 24(1): 61-75.

  • Hossain MJ, Rahman SMA. Repurposing Therapeutic Agents Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Most Promising and Neoteric Progress. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 2020; 23: 1-19.

  • Shakkeel MKV, Kumar A, Babu VD, Swamy NVB. Pharmacological Evaluation of Trichilia connaroides Bark for Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Experimental Animal Models. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015; 5(3): 138-144.

  • Demsie DG, Yimer EM, Berhe AH, Altaye BM, Berhe DF. Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Crude Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of Cucumis ficifolius in Mice Model. Journal of Pain Research. 2019; 12: 1399-1409.

  • Shulan S, Wang T, Duan JA, Zhou W, Hua YQ, Tang YP, Yu L, Qian DW. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Different Extracts of Commiphora myrrh. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011; 134: 251-258.

  • Rahman MK, Chowdhury MAU, Islam MT, Chowdhury MA, Uddin ME, Sumi, CD. Evaluation of Antidiarrheal Activity of Methanolic Extract of Maranta arundinacea Linn. Leaves. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015; Article ID 257057.

  • Mondal M, Hossain MS, Das N. et al. Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Pharmacological Activity of Leaf Methanolic Extract of Colocasia affinis Schott. Clinical Phytoscience. 2019; 5: 8.


Abstract Views: 150

PDF Views: 0




  • Potential in Vitro and in Vivo Bioactivities of Schleichera Oleosa (Lour.) Oken: A Traditionally Important Medicinal Plant of Bangladesh

Abstract Views: 150  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Noushin Anjum
Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000,, Bangladesh
Md. Jamal Hossain
Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
Fahima Aktar
Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000,, Bangladesh
Mohammad Rashedul Haque
Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000,, Bangladesh
Mohammad Abdur Rashid
Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000,, Bangladesh
Md. Ruhul Kuddus
Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000,, Bangladesh

Abstract


People in Bangladeshi village area have long practice to take plant-based products for their basic health care. Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken (Family: Sapindaceae) is an important folk medicine in Bangladesh, India that has been used to cure a wide variety of human ailments. Here, the crude methanol extract of S. oleosa leaf (MESOL) and its various solvent (Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, aqueous) fractions were evaluated to determine the level of biological activities by both In vitro and in vivo approaches. The crude methanol extract along with its different solvent fractions was investigated for antioxidant activity by measuring total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Cytotoxic activity was performed by brine shrimp lethality bioassay method. The blood clot lysis ability was screened using aspirin as standard. In vitro anti-inflammatory test was performed by RBC membrane stabilizing activity. Beside In vitro analysis, tail immersion procedure and formalin-induced writhing test were carried out to evaluate the analgesic activity of the plant extract in mice. In addition, the anti-diarrheal activity was determined by castor oil-induced diarrheal model in mice. The ethyl acetate fraction of S. oleosa showed prominent antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radical with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 9.46 μg/ml, possibly due to its highest phenol content (103.23 mg of GAE/g of plant extract). The crude methanol extract revealed significant cytotoxicity towards brine shrimp with an LC<sub>50</sub> value of 16.79 μg/ml. The dichloromethane fraction showed moderate blood clot lysis ability (28.93% clot lysis) while the crude methanol extract of S. oleosa leaf produced the highest 74.62% inhibition of hemolysis that was induced by hypotonic solution. During in vivo assay, the crude methanol extract of S. oleosa leaf produced significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent pain response and anti-diarrheal effect in mice. The present study revealed that Schleichera oleosa possesses significant pharmacological activities. However, additional studies are compulsory to discover the mechanism of action of this plant extract.


Keywords


Schleichera oleosa, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Thrombolytic, Membrane Stabilizing, Analgesic, Anti-diarrheal, Hypoglycemic.

References