Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Investigating the Anti-viral and Anti-bacterial Activities of Jordanian Medicinal Plants: A Narrative Review


Affiliations
1 Department of Science, Atlantic Cape Community College, Mays Landing, NJ 08330,, United States
2 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman,, Jordan
3 Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh,, United Kingdom
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The diversity in Jordan’s flora due to its geographical areas make is well noted in the scientific literature. The challenge of disease and death caused by infectious diseases like viruses and bacteria, and as infectious diseases evolve and pathogens develop resistance to existing pharmaceuticals, the search for new novel leads, possibly with different modes of action, against bacterial and viral diseases has intensified in recent years. The intent of this review is to provide prevalent information on the antibacterial and antiviral potential in medicinal plants in Jordan, mode of action, type of viruses and bacteria, and phytochemical contents. It has been demonstrated by several studies presented in this review that medicinal plants in Jordan are rich in phytochemicals and possess antiviral and antibacterial properties.

Keywords

Antibacterial, Antiviral, Medicinal plants, Phytochemicals, Microorganisms, Extracts.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Al- Eiswai, Flora of Jordan Checklist, Revised (first ed.), The University of Jordan Press, Amman-Jordan (2013).
  • Oran, S. Selected Wild Aromatic Plants in Jordan, International Journal of Medicinal Plants. Photon 108, 2015; 686-699.
  • Oran S., Al-Eisawi, D. Check list of medicinal plants in Jordan. Dirasat. Biological and Medical Sciences. 1998; 25:84–111.
  • Bajes HR., Almasri I., and Bustanji Y. Plant Products and Their Inhibitory Activity Against Pancreatic Lipase. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2020; 30:321–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00055-z.
  • Kramer, L. Overview of Viral Infections. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/infections/overview-of-viral-infections/overview-of- viral-infections). Accessed ( 20.11. 2020)
  • Vijayan P., Raghu C., Ashok G., Dhanaraj SA., Suresh B. Antiviral activity of medicinal plants of Nilgiris. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2004; 120(1):24-9. PMID: 15299228.
  • Sharma, N. Efficacy of Garlic and Onion against virus. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019; 10(4):3578- 3586
  • Wu W., Li R, Li X., He J., Jiang S., Liu S., Yang J. Quercetin as an Antiviral Agent Inhibits Influenza A Virus (IAV) Entry. MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute). 2016; 8(1): 1-6.
  • Abu-Darwish M S., Cabral C., Gonçalves M J., Cavaleiro C., Cruz M T., Efferth T., and Salgueiro L. Artemisia herba-alba essential oil from Buseirah (South Jordan): Chemical characterization and assessment of safe antifungal and anti-inflammatory doses. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015; 174, 153–160. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.005.
  • Li FR., Zhang AS., Duan SS. and Kang LF. Patterns of reproductive allocation in Artemisia halodendron inhabiting two contrasting habitats. Acta Oecologica, 2005; 28(1), pp.57-64.
  • Coronavirus. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus. (Accessed 1.11.2020).
  • Yuen K., Ye Z.-., Fung S., Kit-San Yuen Zi -Wei Ye, Sin-Yee Fung, Chi-Ping Chan and Dong-Yan Jin. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: The most important research questions. Cell and Bioscience. 2020; 10, 40, 1-5.
  • Li S., Chen C., Zhang h., Guo H., Wang H., Wang L., Zhang X., Hua S., Yu J., Xiao P., Li R., Tan X. Identification of natural compounds with antiviral activities against SARS-associated coronavirus, Antiviral Research. 2005; 67(1), 18-23.
  • Khan Z., Ghafoor D., Khan A., Ualiyeva D., Khan S.A., Bilal H., Khan B., Khan A. and Sajjad, W. Diagnostic approaches and potential therapeutic options for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). New microbes and new infections. 2020; p.100770.
  • Kung S. H., Lund S., Murarka A., McPhee D., and Paddon C. J. Approaches and Recent Developments for the Commercial Production of Semi-synthetic Artemisinin. Frontiers in plant science. 2018; 9, 87. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00087.
  • Asdadi A., Hamdouch, A., Gharby S., and Hassani LMI. Chemical characterization of essential oil of Artemisia herba-alba Asso. and his possible potential against covid-19. Journal of Analytical Sciences and Applied Biotechnology. 2020; 2(2), pp.2-2.
  • Kherissat F., Al-Esawi D., Checklist of Wadi Hassan flora, Northeastern Badia, Jordan, Plant Diversity. 2019; Volume 41, Issue 3, Pages 166-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2019.05.001.
  • De Tommasi N., Conti C., Stein ML., and Pizza, C. Structure and in vitro antiviral activity of triterpenoid saponins from Calendula arvensis. Planta medica, 1999; 57(03), pp.250-253.
  • Abad MJ., Guerra JA., Bermejo P., Irurzun A., Carrasco L. Search for antiviral activity in higher plant extracts. Phytotherapy Research. 2000; 14(8):604-7. doi: 10.1002/1099-1573(200012)14:8<604::aid-ptr678>3.0.co; 2-l. PMID: 11113996.
  • Al-Eisawi DM. Field Guide to Wild Flowers of Jordan and Neighboring Countries. The National Library. Amman, Jordan. 1998. 21. Aniszewski T. Alkaloids-Secrets of Life: Aklaloid Chemistry, Biological Significance, Applications and Ecological Role, 1st edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford. 2007.
  • Barakat SA., Hudaib M., and Burns DT. Composition of Volatile Oil and Methanolic Extract of Jordanian Melissa Officinals L. and Actions Against Human Cancer Cell Lines. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 2016; 32(5), p.2355
  • Allahverdiyev N., Duran M., Ozguven S., Koltas. Antiviral activity of the volatile oils of Melissa officinalis L. against Herpes simplex virus type-2, Phytomedicine, 2004; 11 ( 7–8), PP 657-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2003.07.014
  • AlRawashdeh N., AlRawashdeh I., and AlZghoul T. Amino Acids and Mineral Composition Analysis of Moringa peregrina Forssk (Fiori) in Jordan. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 2016; 11(5).
  • Al-Hadid J.K. Evaluation of antiviral activity of different medicinal plants against Newcastle disease virus. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 2016; 11(4), pp.157-163.
  • Moradi MT., Karimi A., Rafieian-Kopaei M. and Fotouhi F. In vitro antiviral effects of Peganum harmala seed extract and its total alkaloids against Influenza virus. Microbial Pathogenesis, 2017; 110, pp.42-49.
  • Mouhajir F., Hudson JB., Rejdali M. and Towers GHN. Multiple antiviral activities of endemic medicinal plants used by Berber peoples of Morocco. Pharmaceutical biology. 2001; 39(5), pp.364-374
  • Qaralleh HN., Abboud MM., Khleifat KM., Tarawneh K.A. and Althunibat OY. Antibacterial activity in vitro of Thymus capitatus from Jordan. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2009; 22(3).
  • Toujani MM., Rittà M., Civra A., Genovese S., Epifano F., Ghram A., Donalisio M. Inhibition of HSV-2 infection by pure compounds from Thymus capitatus extract in vitro. Phytotherapy Research. 2018; 32(8), 1555–1563. doi:10.1002/ptr.6084.
  • Lee-Huang S., Zhang L., Huang PL., Chang YT., Huang PL. Anti-HIV activity of olive leaf extract (OLE) and modulation of host cell gene expression by HIV-1 infection and OLE treatment. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2003; 307(4):1029-37. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01292-0. PMID: 12878215
  • Rios JL., and Recio M.C. Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2005; 100(1-2), pp.80-84.
  • Lopez-Romero JC., González-Ríos H., Borges A. and Simões M. Antibacterial effects and mode of action of selected essential oils components against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015.
  • Lou Z., Wang H., Zhu S., Ma C., Wang Z. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of chlorogenic acid. Journal of Food Science. 2011; 76(6):M398-403. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02213.x.
  • Amerikova M., Pencheva El-Tibi I., Maslarska V., Bozhanov S. and Tachkov K. Antimicrobial activity, mechanism of action, and methods for stabilization of defenses as new therapeutic agents. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2019; 33(1), pp.671-682.
  • Oran SA., and Raies AM. Antimicrobial activity of Globularia arabica Jaub and Spach and G. alypum L. (Globulariaceae). Dirasat: Pure Sciences. 1999; 27, pp.71-73
  • Zeidan R., Oran S., Khleifat K. and Matar S. Antimicrobial activity of leaf and fruit extracts of Jordanian Rubus sanguineus Friv. (Rosaceae). African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2013; 7(44), pp.5114-5118.
  • Khairallh ARAT., and Salama B. Genetic variation among sumac (Rhus Coriaria L.) samples collected from three locations in Jordan as revealed by AFLP markers. Advances in Environmental Biology. 2009; 3(1), pp.107-112.
  • Kacergius T., Abu Lafi S., Kirkliauskiene A., Gabe V., Adawi A., Rayan M., Qutob M., Stukas R., Utkus A., Zeidan M. and Rayan A. Inhibitory capacity of Rhus coriaria L. extract and its major component methyl gallate on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by optical profilometry: Potential applications for oral health. Molecular medicine reports, 2007; 16(1), pp.949-956.
  • Nimri LF., Meqdam MM., and Alkofahi A. Antibacterial activity of Jordanian medicinal plants. Pharmaceutical biology. 1999; 37(3), pp.196-201.
  • Nasar-Abbas SM., and Halkman AK. Antimicrobial effect of water extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on the growth of some food borne bacteria including pathogens. International journal of food microbiology, 2004; 97(1), pp.63-69.
  • Bajes H., and Al-Dujaili E. Polyphenolic-rich Fruits and Supplements Enhance Exercise Performance; General Review. Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; 10 (3), 2017.
  • Shaygannia E., Bahmani M., Zamanzad B., Rafieian-Kopaei M. A Review Study on Punica granatum L. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016; 21(3):221-7. doi: 10.1177/2156587215598039.
  • Abdollahzadeh SH., Mashouf R., Mortazavi H., Moghaddam M., Roozbahani N., and Vahedi M. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of punica granatum peel extracts against oral pathogens. Journal of dentistry (Tehran, Iran), 2011; 8(1), 1–6.
  • Dhifaf M., Al-Obaidi A., Muhsin, A., Ibrahim. In vivo antimicrobial inhibition of Punica granatum extracts as mouthwash. Russian Open Medical Journal. 2017; 6(4).
  • Oran SA., and Al-Eisawi DM. Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal plants in the central mountains (North-South) in Jordan. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences. 2015; 6: 381-400.
  • Alhage J. and Elbitar H. In vitro screening for antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of three Lebanese medicinal plants crude extracts. Pharmacognosy Research, 2019; 11(2), p.127.
  • Biological activities of essential oils extracted from Thymus capitatus (Lamiaceae), South African Journal of Botany, Volume 128, 2020, Pages 274- 282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.11.020.
  • Akrout A., El Jani H., Amouri S., and Neffati M. Screening of antiradical and antibacterial activities of essential oils of Artemisia campestris L., Artemisia herba alba Asso, & Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. growing wild in the Southern of Tunisia. Recent Research in Science and Technology. 2010.
  • Goudjil MB., Zighmi S., Hamada D., Mahcene Z., Bencheikh SE. and Ladjel S. Biological activities of essential oils extracted from Thymus capitatus (Lamiaceae). South African Journal of Botany. 2020; 128, pp.274-282.
  • Bounatirou S., Smiti S., Miguel MG., Faleiro L., Rejeb MN., Neffati M., Costa MM., Figueiredo AC., Barroso JG. and Pedro LG. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils isolated from Tunisian Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. Food Chemistry. 2007; 105(1), pp.146-155.
  • Althunibat OY., Qaralleh H., Al-Dalin SYA., Abboud M., Khleifat K., Majali IS., Aldal'in HK., Rayyan WA. and Jaafraa A. Effect of thymol and carvacrol, the major components of Thymus capitatus on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. 2016; 10(1), pp.367-74.
  • Benjemaa M., Neves M.A., Falleh H., Isoda H., Ksouri R. and Nakajima M. Nanoencapsulation of Thymus capitatus essential oil: Formulation process, physical stability characterization and antibacterial efficiency monitoring. Industrial Crops and Products, 2018; 113, pp.414-421.
  • Juniperus phoenicea / Phoenicean juniper. (2020). Available at: https://conifersociety.org/conifers/juniperus-phoenicea/. (Accessed 15.10.2020)
  • Ait-Ouazzou A., Lorán S., Arakrak A., Laglaoui A., Rota C., Herrera A., Pagán R., Conchello P. Evaluation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Mentha pulegium, Juniperus phoenicea, and Cyperus longus essential oils from Morocco. Food Research International. 2012; 45 (1), PP 313-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.004.
  • Mazari K., Bendimerad N., and Bekhechi C. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils isolated from Algerian Juniperus phoenicea L. and Cupressus sempervirens L. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2010; 4(10), pp.959-964.
  • Ennajar M., Bouajila J., Lebrihi A., Mathieu F., Abderraba M., Raies A. and Romdhane M. Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and various extracts of Juniperus phoenicea L.(Cupressacees). Journal of food science, 2009; 74(7), pp.M364-M371.
  • Derwich E., Benziane Z. and Boukir A. Chemical composition of leaf essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea and evaluation of its antibacterial activity. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2010. 12(2), pp.199-204.
  • El-Sawi SA., Motawae HM., and Ali AM. Chemical composition, cytotoxic activity and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of leaves and berries of Juniperus phoenicea L. grown in Egypt. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2007; 4(4), pp.417-426.
  • Hayouni E., Abedrabba M., Bouix M., Hamdi M. The effects of solvents and extraction method on the phenolic contents and biological activities in vitro of Tunisian Quercus coccifera L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. fruit extracts. Food Chemistry. 2007; 105(3) Pages 1126-1134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.02.010.)
  • Ramdani M., Lograda T., Silini H., Zeraib A., Chalard P., Figueredo G., Bouchaala M. and Zerrar S. Antibacterial activity of essential oils of Juniperus phoenicea from Eastern Algeria. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2013; 3(11), p.22.
  • Hernández-García E., García A., Garza-González E., Avalos-Alanís FG., Rivas-Galindo VM., Rodríguez-Rodríguez J., Alcantar-Rosales V.M., Delgadillo-Puga C. and del Rayo Camacho-Corona M. Chemical composition of Acacia farnesiana (L) wild fruits and its activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and dysentery bacteria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2019; 230, pp.74-80 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/795435).
  • Eldalawy R., Alani W., Al-Araji M. Antibacterial Activity of Two Iraqi Plants from the Family Pinaceae Al-Mustansiriyah. Journal for Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014; 14(1), Pages 85-91.
  • Majali IS., Oran SA., Khaled MK., Qaralleh H., Rayyan WA. and Althunibat OY. Assessment of the antibacterial effects of Moringa peregrina extracts. African Journal of microbiology research, 2015; 9(51), pp.2410-2414.
  • Ekawati ER. and Darmanto W. Lemon (citrus limon) juice has antibacterial potential against diarrhea-causing pathogen. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 217(1), PP. 012023.
  • AlRabadi G., Al-Nasir F., Jiries A., Al-Dmour R., Madanat O., Al-Dalain S. Polychlorinated Biphenyls Residue in Citrus and Vegetables in the Jordan Valley, Jordan. Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences. 2019; 10 (4): 247-251
  • Aburjai T., Al-Janabi R., Al-Mamoori F., and Azzam H. In vivo wound healing and antimicrobial activity of Alkanna strigose. Wound Medicine, 2019; 100152. doi:10.1016/j.wndm.2019.100152.

Abstract Views: 208

PDF Views: 0




  • Investigating the Anti-viral and Anti-bacterial Activities of Jordanian Medicinal Plants: A Narrative Review

Abstract Views: 208  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Hana R. Bajes
Department of Science, Atlantic Cape Community College, Mays Landing, NJ 08330,, United States
Sawsan A. Oran
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman,, Jordan
Emad AS Al-Dujaili
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh,, United Kingdom

Abstract


The diversity in Jordan’s flora due to its geographical areas make is well noted in the scientific literature. The challenge of disease and death caused by infectious diseases like viruses and bacteria, and as infectious diseases evolve and pathogens develop resistance to existing pharmaceuticals, the search for new novel leads, possibly with different modes of action, against bacterial and viral diseases has intensified in recent years. The intent of this review is to provide prevalent information on the antibacterial and antiviral potential in medicinal plants in Jordan, mode of action, type of viruses and bacteria, and phytochemical contents. It has been demonstrated by several studies presented in this review that medicinal plants in Jordan are rich in phytochemicals and possess antiviral and antibacterial properties.

Keywords


Antibacterial, Antiviral, Medicinal plants, Phytochemicals, Microorganisms, Extracts.

References