Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Pharmaceutical Care Program for Polymedicated Elderly Patients Visiting Community Pharmacies in Uae During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study Protocol


Affiliations
1 Master in Clinical Pharmacy Student, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman,, United Arab Emirates
2 Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
3 Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman,, United Arab Emirates
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Background: The profession of pharmacy nowadays is expanding from dispensing medication to evidence-based, patient-centered approach, in which optimizing pharmacologic therapy is the goal. Community pharmacists can optimize the overall quality of care especially in rural populations where people most of the time can’t afford to visit physician. Pharmacist caring of patients is the new pharmacist’s role. Community pharmacist can motivate patients to adhere to their medications. Medication review and patients’ monitoring contribute to resolve serious problems in health care system. Methods: This study involves four phases. Phase one implies training of community pharmacists. Phase two is quantitative and involves baseline evaluation of recruited patients. Phase three is the interventional phase. It is also quantitative and aims to assess the impact of pharmaceutical care service on elderly patients with polypharmacy in three selected pharmacies in Ajman and Sharjah through Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) questionnaire, and Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire for health status, and quality of life. These two questionnaires will be filled by elderly patients first upon signing consent form, before the pharmacist intervention, and in the two interviews following the intervention. Phase four is qualitative and aims to assess the experience of the participating community pharmacists and explore their perception regarding the pharmaceutical care service through focused group discussion. Discussion: This research is the first to be conducted in United Arab Emirates. Therefore, findings will reveal the possibility and preparedness of pharmacists to perform medication review and patients’ monitoring and follow up. Additionally, due to the unusual circumstances of COVID-19 pandemic, innovative ways will be used to perform such service.

Keywords

Pharmaceutical care, MARS, SF-36, Medication therapy management, community pharmacist.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Al-Quteimat OM, Amer AM. Evidence-based pharmaceutical care: The next chapter in pharmacy practice. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2016 Jul 1; 24(4): 447–51.

  • Jaber D, Aburuz S, Hammad EA, El-Refae H, Basheti IA. Patients’ attitude and willingness to pay for pharmaceutical care: An international message from a developing country. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2019;15(9): 1177–82.

  • Rhalimi M, Rauss A, Housieaux E. Drug-related problems identified during geriatric medication review in the community pharmacy. Int J Clin Pharm. 2018 Feb 1; 40(1): 109–18.

  • Sf M, Jw van M, Fa da C. The organizational framework of community pharmacies in Europe. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015 May 28; 37(5): 896–905.

  • Vaishali M Vaidya, Dinesh M Sakarkar, Nilesh M Mahajan. Community Pharmacist: A Tool in Health Care System. Research J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech. 2009;1(2): 87-93

  • Costa FA, Scullin C, Al‐Taani G, Hawwa AF, Anderson C, Bezverhni Z, et al. Provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists across Europe: Is it developing and spreading? Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 2017; 23(6): 1336–47.

  • Yailian A-L, Estublier C, Rozaire O, Piperno M, Confavreux C, Vignot E, et al. [Pharmaceutical interviews for rheumatoid arthritis patients: Perceptions and expectations of community pharmacists]. Ann Pharm Fr. 2019 Mar;77(2): 146–58.

  • Blouin RA, Adams ML. The Role of the Pharmacist in Health Care: Expanding and Evolving. North Carolina Medical Journal. 2017 May 1; 78(3):165–7.

  • Shraddha. B. Patil, Bhavana. U. Jain, Manish Kondawar. A Review on Drug Therapy Problems. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2019; 9(2): 137-140. doi: 10.5958/2231-5659.2019.00020.1

  • Jokanovic N, Tan ECK, Sudhakaran S, Kirkpatrick CM, Dooley MJ, Ryan-Atwood TE, et al. Pharmacist-led medication review in community settings: An overview of systematic reviews. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2017 Jul 1; 13(4): 661–85.

  • Feldman EA, Noviasky J, Ulen KR, Miller CD, Barbagallo D, Seabury R. Targeted Medication Deprescribing in the Elderly: Results of a Pharmacist-Driven Procedure in a Transitional Care Unit. The Senior Care Pharmacist. 2019 Dec 1;34(10):678–86.

  • Scott IA, Hilmer SN, Reeve E, Potter K, Couteur DL, Rigby D, et al. Reducing Inappropriate Polypharmacy: The Process of Deprescribing. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 May 1;175(5):827–34.

  • Sembian N. Polypharmacy and its Management. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 7(3): Mar., 2014; Page 335-339.

  • Sultana J, Cutroneo P, Trifirò G. Clinical and economic burden of adverse drug reactions. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Dec;4(Suppl1):S73–7.

  • S Lincy, M Greeshma, E Maheswari, S Tharanath, Subeesh Viswam. An Empirical Study to assess the Pattern and Predictors of Adverse Drug Reactions associated with Polypharmacy in the Department of General Medicine. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2018; 11(11): 5042-5048. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00919.8

  • Chiatti C, Bustacchini S, Furneri G, Mantovani L, Cristiani M, Misuraca C, et al. The Economic Burden of Inappropriate Drug Prescribing, Lack of Adherence and Compliance, Adverse Drug Events in Older People. Drug Saf. 2012 Jan 1;35(1):73–87.

  • Hyttinen V, Jyrkkä J, Valtonen H. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Potentially Inappropriate Medication on Health Care Utilization and Costs Among Older Adults. Medical Care. 2016 Oct 1;54(10):950–64.

  • Jetha S. Polypharmacy, the Elderly, and Deprescribing. The Consultant Pharmacist. 2015 Sep 1;30(9):527–32.

  • Silva C, Ramalho C, Luz I, Monteiro J, Fresco P. Drug-related problems in institutionalized, polymedicated elderly patients: opportunities for pharmacist intervention. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015 Apr 1;37(2):327–34.

  • Tommelein E, Mehuys E, Van Tongelen I null, Petrovic M, Somers A, Kympers C, et al. [Medication screening by the community pharmacist in Belgium]. J Pharm Belg. 2016 Dec;(4):4–13.

  • Ooi K. [Evaluation of a pharmacist-led intervention on polypharmacy]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 2019;56(4):498–503.

  • Twigg MJ, Wright D, Kirkdale CL, Desborough JA, Thornley T. The UK Pharmacy Care Plan service: Description, recruitment and initial views on a new community pharmacy intervention. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017 Apr 3 [cited 2020 Jun 5];12(4). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5378349/

  • Mahmood A, Elnour AA, Ali AAA, Hassan NAGM, Shehab A, Bhagavathula AS. Evaluation of rational use of medicines (RUM) in four government hospitals in UAE. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2016 Mar 1;24(2):189–96.

  • Thompson K, Kulkarni J, Sergejew AA. Reliability and validity of a new Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) for the psychoses. Schizophrenia research. 2000 May 5;42(3):241-7.

  • Ware Jr JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical care. 1992 Jun 1:473-83.

  • Sakharkar P, Bounthavong M, Hirsch JD, Morello CM, Chen TC, Law AV. Development and validation of PSPSQ 2.0 measuring patient satisfaction with pharmacist services. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2015 Jul 1;11(4):487-98. 1. Cipolle RJ, Strand LM, Morley PC. Chapter 4. Patient- Centerdness in Pharmaceutical Care. In Cipolle RA, Strand LM, Morley PC. Eds. Pharmaceutical Care Practice: The Patient Centered Approach to Medication Management Services, 3e. McGraw-Hill; Accessed July 27,2020.

  • http://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/contentaspx?bookid=491&sectioned= 39674904 27. Linu Mohan P, Reshma Surendran, Shihas Azeez, Abel C. Mathew. Effectiveness of Clinical pharmacist mediated educational intervention on quality of life of Indian asthmatics. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2020; 13(3): 1435-1440. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00262.0

  • Zayyanu Shitu, Myat Moe Thwe Aung, Tuan Hairulnizam Tuan Kamauzaman, Vidya Bhagat, Ab Fatah Ab Rahman. Medication Error in Hospitals and Effective Intervention Strategies: A Systematic Review. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2019; 12(10): 4669-4677. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00804.7

  • Liya John. Medication Error. Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2016; 4(4): 502-505.

  • Bernsten C, Björkman I, Caramona M, Crealey G, Frøkjær B, Grundberger E, et al. Improving the Well-Being of Elderly Patients via Community Pharmacy-Based Provision of Pharmaceutical Care. Drugs and Aging. 2001 Jan 1;18(1):63–77.

  • Cassim L, Dludlu D. Impact of a performance management system in a South African retail pharmacy on the provision of pharmaceutical care to patients : original research. SA Pharmaceutical Journal. 2012 May 1;79(4):51–8.

  • Milosavljevic A, Aspden T, Harrison J. Community pharmacist-led interventions and their impact on patients’ medication adherence and other health outcomes: a systematic review. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2018;26(5):387–97.

  • Mensah KB, Oosthuizen F, Bonsu AB. Cancer awareness among community pharmacist: a systematic review. BMC Cancer. 2018 Mar 16;18(1):299.

  • Ayesha Siddiqua, Ruba Khalid Abdullah, Najla Abdul Kareem. Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Intervention towards Polypharmacy in Elderly population-A Systematic Study. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2019; 12(6): 2621-2627. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00439.6

  • Rankin A, Cadogan CA, Patterson SM, Kerse N, Cardwell CR, Bradley MC, et al. Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 May 26];(9).

  • Sadek MM, Elnour AA, Al Kalbani NMS, Bhagavathula AS, Baraka MA, Aziz AMA, et al. Community pharmacy and the extended community pharmacist practice roles: The UAE experiences. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2016 Sep 1;24(5):563–70.

  • Alzubaidi H, Saidawi W, Mc Namara K. Pharmacist views and pharmacy capacity to deliver professional services in the United Arab Emirates. Int J Clin Pharm. 2018 Oct 1;40(5):1106–15.

  • Ms. Kalaivani R, Ms. P.Saranya. A prospective observational study on the attitude and experience of community pharmacists towards off-label and unlicensed prescriptions for the pediatric population. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2017; 10(1): 149-154. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00033.6

  • Hanna Panfilova, Alla Nemchenko, Iuliia Korzh, Yuliya Zaytzeva, Natalia Bogdan, Oksana Tsurikova, Liusine Simonian. Scientific Measurement of The Current Role of Pharmacist in the Paradigm of Pharmaceutical Care Development. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2019; 12(2):817-826. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00142.2


Abstract Views: 151

PDF Views: 0




  • Pharmaceutical Care Program for Polymedicated Elderly Patients Visiting Community Pharmacies in Uae During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study Protocol

Abstract Views: 151  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Bayan S. Dawood
Master in Clinical Pharmacy Student, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman,, United Arab Emirates
Muaed Al Omar
Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Subish Palaian
Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman,, United Arab Emirates

Abstract


Background: The profession of pharmacy nowadays is expanding from dispensing medication to evidence-based, patient-centered approach, in which optimizing pharmacologic therapy is the goal. Community pharmacists can optimize the overall quality of care especially in rural populations where people most of the time can’t afford to visit physician. Pharmacist caring of patients is the new pharmacist’s role. Community pharmacist can motivate patients to adhere to their medications. Medication review and patients’ monitoring contribute to resolve serious problems in health care system. Methods: This study involves four phases. Phase one implies training of community pharmacists. Phase two is quantitative and involves baseline evaluation of recruited patients. Phase three is the interventional phase. It is also quantitative and aims to assess the impact of pharmaceutical care service on elderly patients with polypharmacy in three selected pharmacies in Ajman and Sharjah through Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) questionnaire, and Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire for health status, and quality of life. These two questionnaires will be filled by elderly patients first upon signing consent form, before the pharmacist intervention, and in the two interviews following the intervention. Phase four is qualitative and aims to assess the experience of the participating community pharmacists and explore their perception regarding the pharmaceutical care service through focused group discussion. Discussion: This research is the first to be conducted in United Arab Emirates. Therefore, findings will reveal the possibility and preparedness of pharmacists to perform medication review and patients’ monitoring and follow up. Additionally, due to the unusual circumstances of COVID-19 pandemic, innovative ways will be used to perform such service.

Keywords


Pharmaceutical care, MARS, SF-36, Medication therapy management, community pharmacist.

References