Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

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Development and Validation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Antibiotics Questionnaire (Kapaq) for General Community


Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta,, Indonesia
2 Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor,, Malaysia
3 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta,, Indonesia
4 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan, Pulau Pinang,, Malaysia
5 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta,, Indonesia
6 Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
     

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Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards antibiotics with a valid and reliable questionnaire is essential to design an intervention to minimize misuse and overuse of antibiotics in the general community setting. This study aimed to develop and validate knowledge, attitude, and practice towards antibiotics questionnaire (KAPAQ). This study consists of the development and validation phase. The development questionnaire was based on a literature review, early individual interviews, and panel experts. The validation phase consisted of face, content, and construct validity. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) was used to analyze Content validity. Construct validity for attitude and practice was measured using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Item analysis was employed for knowledge evaluation. Reliability was evaluated with internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. Validity and reliability were assessed using 407 respondents. The final KAPAQ consisted of three domains with 45 items. Items’ difficulty and discrimination index in the knowledge domain was acceptable, with the Cronbach’s α and test-retest reliability being 0.827 and 0.713, respectively. Four factor-solutions emerged for the attitude and practice domain with a cumulative contribution of 59.79% and 58.99%, respectively. The CFA result indicated acceptable fit indices for the proposed model. Every factor in both attitude and practice domain had an acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability range. The KAPAQ was psychometric valid and reliable to assess KAP among the general community towards antibiotics.

Keywords

Knowledge, Questionnaire development, Validity, Reliability, Antibiotics.
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  • Development and Validation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Antibiotics Questionnaire (Kapaq) for General Community

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Authors

Hidayah Karuniawati
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta,, Indonesia
Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali
Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor,, Malaysia
Sri Suryawati
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta,, Indonesia
Wan Ismahanisa Ismail
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan, Pulau Pinang,, Malaysia
Taufik Taufik
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta,, Indonesia
M Mutalazimah
Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia

Abstract


Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards antibiotics with a valid and reliable questionnaire is essential to design an intervention to minimize misuse and overuse of antibiotics in the general community setting. This study aimed to develop and validate knowledge, attitude, and practice towards antibiotics questionnaire (KAPAQ). This study consists of the development and validation phase. The development questionnaire was based on a literature review, early individual interviews, and panel experts. The validation phase consisted of face, content, and construct validity. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) was used to analyze Content validity. Construct validity for attitude and practice was measured using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Item analysis was employed for knowledge evaluation. Reliability was evaluated with internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. Validity and reliability were assessed using 407 respondents. The final KAPAQ consisted of three domains with 45 items. Items’ difficulty and discrimination index in the knowledge domain was acceptable, with the Cronbach’s α and test-retest reliability being 0.827 and 0.713, respectively. Four factor-solutions emerged for the attitude and practice domain with a cumulative contribution of 59.79% and 58.99%, respectively. The CFA result indicated acceptable fit indices for the proposed model. Every factor in both attitude and practice domain had an acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability range. The KAPAQ was psychometric valid and reliable to assess KAP among the general community towards antibiotics.

Keywords


Knowledge, Questionnaire development, Validity, Reliability, Antibiotics.

References