Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Country Institutional Profile for Women-Led Small Businesses: Evidence from a Developing Economy Context


Affiliations
1 Department of Management and Organization Studies, Faculty of Management and Finance, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
2 Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Monash University, Australia
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Less developed institutional environments affect the functioning of Small and Medium-scale Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs led by women have been significantly affected by the institutional environmental forces, especially in developing economies. Identifying the void in the literature that there is a lack of instrument for measuring the country institutional profile of women-led small businesses in the developing countries, present study aims to empirically validate an instrument in the Sri Lankan context. By utilizing a mixed methods approach, the study uses expert opinion surveys and focus group discussions for contextualizing the instrument, and deploys a questionnaire survey for collecting data from a sample of business students in validating the same. Providing a better understanding on the differences in the regulatory, cognitive and normative dimensions of the institutional environment of women-led small businesses, the findings show the possibility for developing economies to learn successful institutional practices from developed countries to further progress women-led small businesses.

Keywords

Country Institutional Profile, Small Business, Women-led, Developing Economy, Institutional Environment.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Arasti, Z., Pasvishe, F. A., & Motavaseli, M. (2012). Normative institutional factors affecting entrepreneurial intention in Iranian information technology sector, Journal of Management and Strategy, 3(2), 16-24.
  • Athukorala, P. C., & Jayasuriya, S. (2015). Victory in war and defeat in peace: Politics and economics of post-conflict Sri Lanka. Asian Economic Papers, 14(3), 22-54. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2630398
  • Attygalle, K., Hirimuthugodage, D., Madurawala, S., Senaratne, A., Wijesinha, A., & Edirisinghe, C. (2014). Female entrepreneurship and the role of business development services in promoting small and medium women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) of Sri Lanka and Oxfam Inetrnational.
  • Autio, E., & Fu, K. (2015). Economic and political institutions and entry into formal and informal entrepreneurship. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32, 67-94. DOI 10.1007/s10490-014-9381-0
  • Ayadurai, S. (2006). An insight into the constraints faced by women entrepreneurs in a war-torn area: case study of the northeast of Sri Lanka. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 2(1), 1-12.
  • Azmat, F., & Samaratunge, R. (2009). Responsible entrepreneurship in developing countries: Understanding the realities and complexities, Journal of Business Ethics, 90, 437-452.
  • Azmat, F., & Samaratunge, R. (2013). Exploring customer loyalty at bottom of the pyramid in South Asia, Social Responsibility Journal, 9(3), 379-394.
  • Baker, T., & Nelson, R. E. (2005). Creating something from nothing: resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 329-366.
  • Baker, T., A., Miner, S. & Eesley, D. T. (2003). Improvising firms: bricolage, account giving and improvisational competencies in the founding process. Research Policy, 32, 255-276.
  • Bennett, R., & Dann, S. (2000). The changing experience of Australian female entrepreneurs. Gender, Work and Organization, 7(2), 75-83.
  • Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
  • Beyer, H., & Fening, F. (2012). The impact of formal institutions on global strategy in developed vs. emerging economies. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(15), 30-36.
  • Bigdon, C. (2006). Good governance and conflict transformation in Sri Lanka: A political analysis of people’s perception of institutions at the local level and the challenges of decentralized governance. Dissertation, Heidelberg University, Germany. Retrieved through https://d-nb.info/98286695X/34.
  • Birley, S. (1989). Female Entrepreneurs: Are they really any different? Journal of Small Business Management, 27(1), 32-37.
  • Bourne, K.A. (2010). The paradox of gender equality: an entrepreneurial case study from Sweden, International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 10-26.
  • Brown, T.A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research, (1st ed.), London: The Guilford Press.
  • Brown, T.A. & Moore, M.T. (2014). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In R.H. Hoyle (ed.), Handbook of structural equation modeling, Retrieved on 11 October 2014 through Moorewww.researchgate.net/...Hoyle_CFA.../0deec51f14d2070566000000 361-379
  • Brush, C.G., Bruin, A. de & Welter, F. (2009). A gender aware framework for women’s entrepreneurship, International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 8-24.
  • Bruton, G. D., Ahlstrong, D., & Obloj, K. (2008). Entrepreneurship in emerging economies: Where are we today and where should the research go in the future. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 32(1), 1-14.
  • Busenitz, L., Gomez, C., & Spencer, J. (2000). Country institutional profiles: Unlocking entrepreneurial phenomena. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 994-1003.
  • Central Bank of Sri Lanka. (2014). Annual Report. Colombo: Central Bank of Sri Lanka.
  • Cooper, A.C. (1981). Strategic management: New venture and small business, Long Range Planning, 14(5), 39-45.
  • Debroux, P. (2013). Female entrepreneurship in Asia—The case of Japan, SouthKorea, Malaysia and Vietnam. Soka Keiei Ronshu, 37(1/2/3), 1-23.
  • Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka (DCSSL) (2013). Annual survey of industries 2011: Final Report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Author.
  • DiMaggio, P. J., & W. W. Powell (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-160.
  • Ekpe, I., Razak, R. C., & Mat, N. B. (2013). The performance of female entrepreneurs: Credit, training and the moderating effect of attitude towards risk-taking. International Journal of Management, 30(3), 10-22.
  • Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. (2011). Institutions and female entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 37, 397- 415.
  • Families and Work Institute (n.d.). Generation and gender in the workplace, American Business Collaboration, (Author). Retrived through http:// www.wfd.com/PDFS/GG%20IssueBrief_ Final.pdf on 20 June, 2015.
  • Field, A.P. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS, (2nd ed.), London: Sage.
  • Fielden, S. L., & Hunt, C. M. (2011). Online coaching: An alternative source of social support for female entrepreneurs during venture creation. International Small Business Journal, 29(4), 345-359.
  • Grosvold, J., & Brammer, S. (2011). National institutional systems as antecedents of female board representation: An empirical study. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 19(2), 116-135.
  • Gupta, V. K., Yayla, A. A., Sikdar, A., & Cha, M. S. (2012). Institutional environment for entrepreneurship: Evidence from the developmental states of South Korea and United Arab Emirates. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 17(3), 1250013-1-21.
  • Gupta, D. D. (2013). The effect of gender on women-led small enterprises: The case of India. South Asian Journal of Business Management and Cases, 2(1), 61-75.
  • Hughes, K. D., Jennings, J.E., Brush, B., Carter, S., & Welter, F. (2012). Extending women’s entrepreneurship research in new directions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 429-442.
  • Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) and Oxfam. (2014). Female entrepreneurship and the role of business development services in promoting small and medium women entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka. Colombo: IPS and Oxfam.
  • International Finance Corporation (IFC) (2011). Strengthening access to finance for women-owned SMEs in developing countries. (Author). Retrieved June 20, 2014 through http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/a4774a004a3f66539f0f9f8969adcc27/G20_Women_Report.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
  • Jayawarna, D., Rouse, J., & Kitching, J. (February 2013). Entrepreneur motivations and life course, International Small Business Journal, 31(1), 34-56.
  • Kantor, P. (2002). Gender, microenterprise success and cultural context: The case of South Asia. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 131-143.
  • Kelley, D. J., Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Litovsky, Y. (2013). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012 Women’s Report. London, UK: Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA). Retrieved on June 13, 2014 through http://www.gemconsortium.org/docs/download/2825
  • Kostova, T. (1996). Success of transnational transfer of organizational practices within multinational companies. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota.
  • Kostova, T. (1999). Transnational transfer of strategic organizational practices: A contextual perspective. Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 308-324.
  • Kyrö, P. (2009). Gender lenses identify different waves and ways of understanding women entrepreneurship. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 17(4), 393-418.
  • Lee, S. S., & Stearns, T. M. (2012). Critical success factors in the performance of female owned businesses: A study of female entrepreneurs in Korea. International Journal of Management, 29(1), 3-18.
  • Liu, W., Yang, H. & Zang, G. (2012). Does family business excel in firm performance? An institution-based view. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29, 965-987.
  • Manolova, T.S., Eunni, R.V., & Gyoshev, B. S. (2008). Institutional environments for entrepreneurship: Evidence from emerging economies in Eastern Europe. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(1), 203-218.
  • Meyer, J.W. & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83, 340-363.
  • Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1991). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by W. W. Powell and P. J. DiMaggio, 41-62, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • North, D.C. (1991). Institutions, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 97-112.
  • North, D. C. (2005). Structural changes of institutions and the process of transformation. Prague Economic Papers, 4(3), 229-234.
  • Novikov, I. (2014). How does institutional environment affect the internationalization of small enterprises? Procedia Economics and Finance, 12(3), 489-497.
  • OECD. (2012). Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2012: An OECD Scoreboard. OECD, Paris.
  • OECD. (2014). Women in Business 2014: Accelerating Entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa Region. London, UK: OECD.
  • Parboteeah, K. P., Hoegl, M. & Cullen, J. B. (2008). Managers’ gender role attitudes: A country institutional profile approach. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(5), 795-813.
  • Powell, B. (2007). The environment of productive entrepreneurship: Evidence form the Asia and Pacific rim, Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 79-92.
  • Powell. W. W., & DiMaggio, P. J. (1991). The new institutionalism in organizational analysis, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Roomi, M. A. (2011). Entrepreneurial capital, social values and islamic traditions: Exploring the growth of women owned enterprises in Pakistan. International Small Business Journal, 31(2), 175-191.
  • Roxas, B. & Coetzer, A. (2012). Institutional environment, managerial attitudes and environmental sustainability orientation of small firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 111, 461-476.
  • Roxas, B., Lindsay, V., Ashill, N., & Victorio, A. (2006). An institutional view of local entrepreneurial climate. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 3(1), 1-28.
  • Samaratunge, R., Barrett, R., & Rajapakse, T. (2015). Sri Lankan entrepreneurs in Australia: Chance or choice? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22(4), 782-796.
  • Samaratunge, R., & Coghill, K. (2014). Integrated Governance and Adaptation to Climate Change. In H. Huong and T. N. Dhakal (Eds), Governance Approaches for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Asia. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Towards a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 243-288.
  • Schapero, A. & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In K. Vesper, D. Sexton, and C.A. Kent (eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Scott, W. R. (1995). Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Setty, E. D., & Moorthy, P. K. (2010). Strategies for developing women entrepreneurs. New Delhi, India: Akansha Publishing House, 86-123.
  • Shepherd, D. A., Wiklund, J. & Haynie, J. M. (2009). Moving forward: Balancing the financial and emotional costs of business failure. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(2), 134-148.
  • Shumaila, Y., Yousafzai, S. S., & Moreno, M. (2015). Institutional theory and contextual embeddedness of women’s entrepreneurial leadership: Evidence from 92 countries. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(3), 587-604.
  • Singh, S. P., Reynolds, R.G., & Muhammad, S. (2001). A gender-based performance analysis of micro and small enterprises in Java, Indonesia, Journal of Small Business Management, 39(2), 174-182.
  • Sigmund, S., Semrau, T., & Wegner, D. (2015). Networking ability and the financial performance of new ventures: Moderating effects of ventures size, institutional environment, and their interaction. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 266-283.
  • Smallbone, D. & Welter, F. (2001). The distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Small Business Economics, 16(4), 249–262.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, (6th ed.), Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Tang, Z., & Tang, J. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance in China’s changing environment: The moderating effects of strategies, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29, 409-431.
  • Thurairajah, N., & Baldry, D. (2010). Women’s empowerment in post-disaster reconstruction: Perspectives on policies and frameworks. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 14(4), 347-361.
  • Tlaiss, H. A. (2015). Entrepreneurial motivations of women: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates. International Small Business Journal, 33(5), 562-581.
  • Tsui, A. S. (2007). From homogenization to pluralism: International management research in the academy and beyond. Academy of Management Journal, 50(6), 1353-1364.
  • United Nations Development Program (2004). Sub-regional launch un report on ‘unleashing entrepreneurship – Making business work for the poor’ and workshop on sme development in South Asia. Workshop Report, Retrieved on 18th September 2014 through http://web.undp.org/cpsd/countrylaunches/Southasia-workshopreport.pdf
  • United Nations Development Program (2014). Human development report: Sri Lanka - HDI values and rank changes in the 2014 Human Development Report, (Author).
  • Unwomen (official web page) (2014). Weekly Insights and Analysis in Asia Networking essential to women entrepreneurs in Asia (27 March 2013). The Asia Foundation. Retrieved May 24, 2014 from asiafoundation.org/in-asia/2013/02/27/networking-essential-to-women-entrepreneurs-in-asia through http:// www.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/asia-and-the-pacific
  • Urban, B. (2013). Social entrepreneurship in an emerging economy: A focus on the institutional environment and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy, Managing Global Transitions, 11(1), 3-25.
  • Van Stel, A., Carree, M., & Thurik, R. (2005). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity on National Economic Growth. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 311-321.
  • Weekly Insights and Analysis in Asia Networking essential to women entrepreneurs in Asia (27 March 2013). The Asia Foundation. Retrieved from asiafoundation.org/in-asia/2013/02/27/networking-essential-to-women-entrepreneurs-in-asia/
  • Wees, C. V. D., & Romijin, H. (1995). Entrepreneurship and small- and microenterprise development for women: A problematique in search of answers, a policy in search of programs. In L. Dignard and J. Havet (eds.), Women in microand small-scale enterprise development (pp. 41-82). London, UK: IT Publications.
  • Welter, F. (2004). The environment for female entrepreneurship in Germany, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 11(2), 212 –221.
  • Welter, F., & Smallbone, D. (2011). Institutional Perspectives on Entrepreneurial Behavior in Challenging Environments, Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 107-125.
  • Wickremasinghe, S. I. (2011). The status of SMEs in Sri Lanka and promotion of their innovation output through networking of S&T institutions, TECH Monitor, Special Issue: Institutional Networking for Enhancing Innovation, 11-19.
  • White Paper. (2002). National strategy for small and medium sector development in Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka: Task Force for Small and Medium Sector Development Program.
  • World Bank. (2011). Gender equality and development. Washington, DC: The World Bank Group.
  • World Bank. (2014). Gender and development. Washington, DC: The World Bank Group. Retrieved June 27, 2014 from http://web.worldbank.org/ WBSITE/ EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTGENDER/0,,content MDK: 23392638~page PK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:336868,00.html
  • World Economic Forum. (2013). Global Gender Gap Report. World Economic Forum. Retrieved June 27, 2014 from http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-2011/
  • Yusuf, A. (1995). Critical success factors for small business: Perceptions of South Pacific entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 33(2), 68-73.
  • Zhu, Y., Wittmann, X., & Peng, M. K. (2012). Institution-based barriers to innovation in SMEs in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29, 1131-1142.
  • Zucker, L. G. (1987). Institutional theories of organization. Annual Review of Sociology, 13, 443-464.
  • Zucker, P. S. (1983). Institutional sources of change in the formal structure of organizations: The diffusion of civil service reform, 1880-1935. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22-39.

Abstract Views: 173

PDF Views: 0




  • Country Institutional Profile for Women-Led Small Businesses: Evidence from a Developing Economy Context

Abstract Views: 173  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Kumudinei Dissanayake
Department of Management and Organization Studies, Faculty of Management and Finance, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Ramanie Samaratunge
Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Monash University, Australia

Abstract


Less developed institutional environments affect the functioning of Small and Medium-scale Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs led by women have been significantly affected by the institutional environmental forces, especially in developing economies. Identifying the void in the literature that there is a lack of instrument for measuring the country institutional profile of women-led small businesses in the developing countries, present study aims to empirically validate an instrument in the Sri Lankan context. By utilizing a mixed methods approach, the study uses expert opinion surveys and focus group discussions for contextualizing the instrument, and deploys a questionnaire survey for collecting data from a sample of business students in validating the same. Providing a better understanding on the differences in the regulatory, cognitive and normative dimensions of the institutional environment of women-led small businesses, the findings show the possibility for developing economies to learn successful institutional practices from developed countries to further progress women-led small businesses.

Keywords


Country Institutional Profile, Small Business, Women-led, Developing Economy, Institutional Environment.

References