Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Alterations in Antioxidant and Hematological Indices in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Rats Exposed to Paint Fumes


Affiliations
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Toxicities of various kinds due to inhalation of fumes from paint industries as well as housing estates in Nigeria and indeed in many Africa countries are now being realized as an occupational hazard. In this study, the effects of paint fumes on oxidative stress and hematological parameters in diabetic and normal rats were investigated. The rats were exposed to paint fumes for 7 days. The result of groups 4-6 (diabetic) showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in glucose levels compared to groups 1-3 (non diabetic). After exposure of groups 2, 3, 5, and 6 to paint fumes, groups 2 and 3 showed a non significant increase (P > 0.05) in their glucose when compared to group 1 while group 5-6 gave a significant elevation of blood glucose level when compared to group 4. Red blood cell in groups 4-6 (diabetic groups) were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced when compared to group 1. However, there was no significant lipid per oxidation (malondialdehyde) in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 except in group 6 when compared to group 1 (normal control). There were non significant decreases (P > 0.05) in antioxidant levels across groups 1-6. The results of packed cell volume in group 6 (diabetic exposed to oil paint fumes) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared to group 1. Methemoglobin concentration showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in groups 3 (normal rats exposed to oil paint fumes) and 6 (diabetic rats exposed to oil paint fumes) when compared to group 1. In conclusion, paint suppresses certain hematopoietic processes and complicates diabetic status in rats.

Keywords

Alloxan-Induced, Antioxidants, Diabetes Mellitus, Inhalation Chamber, Paint Fumes.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Kaneto H, Fujii J, Myint T, Miyazawa N, Islam KN, Kawasaki Y, et al. Reducing sugars trigger oxidative modification and apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells by provoking oxidative stress through the glycation reaction. Biochem J. 1996; 320(Pt 3):855–63.

  • Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and {beta}-cell dysfunction? Diabetes. 2003; 52:1–8.

  • American Diabetes Association (ADA). Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35:11–3.

  • Wiggers GA, Peçanha FM, Briones AM, Pérez-Girón JV, Miguel M, Vassallo DV, et al. Low mercury concentrations cause oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in conductance and resistance arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008; 295:H1033–43.

  • Wax PM, Beuhler MB. Hydrocarbons and volatile substances. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, editors. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2004. p. 1330–400.

  • Townsend CL, Maynard RL. Effects on health of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide. Occup Environ Med. 2002; 59:708–11.

  • Zuckerman K. Approach to the anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, editors. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. p. 1103.

  • Omaye ST. Metabolic modulation of carbon monoxide toxicity. Toxicology. 2002; 180:139–50.

  • Frode TS, Medeiros YS. Animal models to test drugs with potential antidiabetic activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 115:173–83.

  • Piggott WR, Emmons CW. Device for inhalation exposure of animals to spores. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1960; 103:805–6.

  • Varshney R, Kale RK. Effects of calmodulin antagonists on radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in microsomes. Int J Radiat Biol. 1990; 58:733–43.

  • King EJ, Wotton ID. Microanalyses in medical biochemistry. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1959. p. 14.

  • Das K, Samanta L, Chainy GB. A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase using nitrite formation by superoxide radicals. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2000; 37:201–4.

  • Aebi HE. Catalase. In: Bergmeyer HU, editor. Methods of Enzymatic Analyses. 3rd ed. Deerfield Beach, Florida: Weinheim; 1983. p. 273–85.

  • Ochei J, Kolhatkar A. Medical laboratory science: Theory and oractice. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company; 2008. p. 281–3.

  • Betrand E. Determination of serum methaemoglobin by second derivative spectroscopy. Clin Chim Acta. 1982; 123:121–6.

  • Cheesbrough M. District laboratory practice in tropical countries. Part 2. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 2000. p. 284–90.

  • Anuradha CV, Ravikumar P. Restoration on tissue antioxidants by fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) in alloxan-diabetic rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2001; 45:408–20.

  • Mahdi AA, Chandra A, Singh RK, Shukla S, Mishra LC, Ahmad S. Effect of herbal hypoglycemic agents on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2003; 18:8–15.

  • Gutteridge JM. Antioxidants, nutritional supplements and life-threatening diseases. Br J Biomed Sci. 1994; 51:288–95.

  • Wichmann G, Mühlenberg J, Fischäder G, Kulla C, Rehwagen M, Herbarth O, et al. An experimental model for the determination of immunomodulating effects by volatile compounds. Toxicol In Vitro. 2005; 19:685–93.

  • Roder-Stolinski C, Fischader G, Oostingh GJ, Feltens R, Kohse F, von Bergen M, et al. Styrene induces an inflammatory response in human lung epithelial cells via oxidative stress and NF-kappaB activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008; 231:241–7.

  • Melpomeni P, Jaime U, Helen V. Glucose, advanced glycation end products, and diabetes complications: What is new and what works. Clin Diabetes. 2003; 21:186–7.

  • Reaven P. Dietary and pharmacologic regimens to reduce lipid peroxidation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995; 62(6S):1483S–9S.

  • Szkudelski T. The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in β-cells of the rat pancreas. Physiol Res. 2001; 50:537–46.

  • Giugliano D, Ceriello A, Paolisso G. Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications. Diabetes Care. 1996; 19:257–67.

  • Goering PL, Morgan DL, Ali SF. Effects of mercury vapor inhalation on reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in rat brain and kidney are minimal. J Appl Toxicol. 2002; 22:167–72.

  • Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature. 2001; 414:813–20.

  • Saljooghi AS, Fatemi SJ. Clinical evaluation of deferasirox for removal of cadmium ions in rat. Biometals. 2010; 23:707–12.

  • Oyedemi SO, Yakubu MT, Afolayan AJ. Antidiabetic activities of aqueous leaves extract of Leonotis leonurus in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Med Plant Res. 2011; 5:119–25.

  • Ribeiro CAO, Filipak Neto F, Mela M, Silva PH, Randi MA, Rabitto IS, et al. Hematological findings in neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus exposed to subchronic and dietary doses of methylmercury, inorganic lead, and tributyltin chloride. Environ Res. 2006; 101:74–80.

  • Holmes P, James KA, Levy LS. Is low-level environmental mercury exposure of concern to human health? Sci Total Environ. 2009; 408:171–82.

  • Petterino C, Argentino-Storino A. Clinical chemistry and haematology historical data in control Sprague-Dawley rats from pre-clinical toxicity studies. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2006; 57:213–9.

  • Apeh VO, Agu CV, Ogugua VN, Uzoegwu PN, Anaduaka EG, Rex TE, Agbalu IS. Effect of cooking on proximate, phytochemical constituents and hematological parameters of tetracarpidium conophorum in male albino rats. Eur J Med Plants. 2014; 4(12):1388–99.

  • Betteridge DJ. What is oxidative stress? Metabolism. 2000; 49(2S1):3–8.

  • Okonkwo CC, Agu CV, Njoku OU, Abonyi U, Apeh VO, Anaduaka EG, Iloabuchi KV, Odo CE. Hypoglycaemic and haematinic properties of ethanol leaf extract of artocarpus Heterophyllus in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Afr J Tradit Compl Altern Med. 2015; 12(2):133–48.

  • Carobbio A, Antonioli E, Guglielmelli P, Vannucchi AM, Delaini F, Guerini V, et al. Leukocytosis and risk stratification assessment in essential thrombocythemia. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26:2732–6.

  • Schmaier AH. Laboratory evaluation of hemostatic and thrombotic disorders. In: Hoffman Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008. p. 1122.


Abstract Views: 528

PDF Views: 0




  • Alterations in Antioxidant and Hematological Indices in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Rats Exposed to Paint Fumes

Abstract Views: 528  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Ogbu Patience Nkemjika
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
N. Ogugua Victor
Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Apeh Victor Onukwube
Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Anaduaka Emeka Godwin
Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Abstract


Toxicities of various kinds due to inhalation of fumes from paint industries as well as housing estates in Nigeria and indeed in many Africa countries are now being realized as an occupational hazard. In this study, the effects of paint fumes on oxidative stress and hematological parameters in diabetic and normal rats were investigated. The rats were exposed to paint fumes for 7 days. The result of groups 4-6 (diabetic) showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in glucose levels compared to groups 1-3 (non diabetic). After exposure of groups 2, 3, 5, and 6 to paint fumes, groups 2 and 3 showed a non significant increase (P > 0.05) in their glucose when compared to group 1 while group 5-6 gave a significant elevation of blood glucose level when compared to group 4. Red blood cell in groups 4-6 (diabetic groups) were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced when compared to group 1. However, there was no significant lipid per oxidation (malondialdehyde) in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 except in group 6 when compared to group 1 (normal control). There were non significant decreases (P > 0.05) in antioxidant levels across groups 1-6. The results of packed cell volume in group 6 (diabetic exposed to oil paint fumes) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared to group 1. Methemoglobin concentration showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in groups 3 (normal rats exposed to oil paint fumes) and 6 (diabetic rats exposed to oil paint fumes) when compared to group 1. In conclusion, paint suppresses certain hematopoietic processes and complicates diabetic status in rats.

Keywords


Alloxan-Induced, Antioxidants, Diabetes Mellitus, Inhalation Chamber, Paint Fumes.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.22506/ti%2F2015%2Fv22%2Fi3%2F137620