Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)

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Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Potentials of Aqueous Extract of Stem-Bark of Cashew Tree (Anacardium occidentale L) in Rats


Affiliations
1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
2 Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
3 Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
4 Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
     

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The beneficial potential of the fruit, leaves and bark of cashew tree against health disorders have been reported; however, the effects of aqueous extract of stem-bark of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) on biochemical and haematological indices are sparse in the literature. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups - one control group and three treatment groups. The control group was placed on normal rat feed, while group 1,2 and 3 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight extract orally, respectively, for 28 consecutive days with distilled water ad libitum. The blood and serum obtained were used for haematological and biochemical analyses, while histopathological alterations were examined in the liver and kidney tissues. The treatment significantly increased serum ALP, AST, ALP, γ-GT, total bilirubin and urea at 400mg/kg (P<0.05) as compared to control. Although there was a significant increase in total protein, we observed significant decrease in serum albumin at 400mg/kg aqueous extract (P<0.05). Similarly, the low to high doses of the aqueous extract significantly decreased (P<0.05) red blood cell count. Our results suggest hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials of aqueous extract of stem-bark of cashew tree at 400mg/kg, although lower oral dose may have beneficial effects.

Keywords

Anacardium occidentale, Cashew Tree, Creatinine, Urea, Stem-Bark.
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  • Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Potentials of Aqueous Extract of Stem-Bark of Cashew Tree (Anacardium occidentale L) in Rats

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Authors

Ademola C. Famurewa
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Funmilayo A. Showunmi
Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Abiola M. Folawiyo
Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Patience N. Ogbu
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Michael A. Epete
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Emeka C. Igwe
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

Abstract


The beneficial potential of the fruit, leaves and bark of cashew tree against health disorders have been reported; however, the effects of aqueous extract of stem-bark of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) on biochemical and haematological indices are sparse in the literature. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups - one control group and three treatment groups. The control group was placed on normal rat feed, while group 1,2 and 3 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight extract orally, respectively, for 28 consecutive days with distilled water ad libitum. The blood and serum obtained were used for haematological and biochemical analyses, while histopathological alterations were examined in the liver and kidney tissues. The treatment significantly increased serum ALP, AST, ALP, γ-GT, total bilirubin and urea at 400mg/kg (P<0.05) as compared to control. Although there was a significant increase in total protein, we observed significant decrease in serum albumin at 400mg/kg aqueous extract (P<0.05). Similarly, the low to high doses of the aqueous extract significantly decreased (P<0.05) red blood cell count. Our results suggest hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials of aqueous extract of stem-bark of cashew tree at 400mg/kg, although lower oral dose may have beneficial effects.

Keywords


Anacardium occidentale, Cashew Tree, Creatinine, Urea, Stem-Bark.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.22506/ti%2F2015%2Fv22%2Fi3%2F137634