Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Amelioration of Quinalphos-Induced Oxidative Stress by Emblica officinalis Fruit Extracts in Rats


Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSKHPKV, Palampur, India
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India
3 Department of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The fruit of Emblica officinalis (commonly known Amla) contain potent antioxidants and is most commonly used in the Ayurveda for the treatment of various diseases. Quinalphos- a organophorus insecticide is known to alter antioxidant defense system in mammals. With this premise, experiment was planned with objective to study the effect of amla fruit extract supplementation on quinalphos induced oxidative stress. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were homogenously divided into six groups of four animals each. Group I was kept as control. Group II was orally given quinalphos at the dose rate of 2 mg.kg-1. day-1. Group III and V were orally gavaged with amla in sugar and honey bases respectively at the dose rate of 50 μg.kg-1.day-1 whereas group IV and VI were orally dosed with quinalphos along with amla in sugar and honey bases respectively at above mentioned dose rates from day 16-45. The various indices of antioxidant status were analyzed in major organs of treatment groups viz. Liver, kidney and brain. Sub chronic quinalphos administration produced oxidative stress in rats as evidenced by increase in lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase and decline in superoxide dismutase. Oral supplementation of amla extract in sugar and honey bases provided partially amelioration against altered antioxidant status following sub chronic quinalphos exposure. Results of histopathological study were also in corroboration with blood antioxidant status validating amla in either bases was unable to provide full protection against quinalphos induced toxicity in rats.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Sreeshitha S.G. 2012. ‘Influence of subchronic oral exposure of quinalphos on the pharmacokinetics of lincomycin in buffalo calves. ’M. V. Sc. Thesis submitted to Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana.

  • Extoxnet. 2000. (Extension Toxicology Network). Cholinesterase Inhibition, available online: http://ace.orst.edu/cgi-bin/mfs/01/tibs/cholines.htm

  • Singh S K, Tripathi P K, Yadav R P, Singh D and Singh A. 2004. Toxicity of malathion and carbaryl pesticides: Effect on some biochemical profiles of freshwater fish Colisa fasciatus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 72: 592-99.

  • Hayes W. J. and Laws E. R. 1991. Handbook of pesticides toxicology. Academic Press, New York.

  • Katti G. and Verma S. 1992. Persistence of quinalphos against pests under Indian conditions. Pesticide information 18: 37-40.

  • Murphy S. D. 1980. Toxic interactions with dermal exposure to organophosphate insecticides. Developments in Toxicology and Environmental Science 8: 615-21.

  • Dhaliwal G S, Arora R, Dhawan A K and Singh B. 2000. Intensive Agriculture and Pest Problems: A case study of Punjab, Indian Journal of Ecology 27(2): 109-30.

  • Gupta A, Gupta A and Shukla G S. 1998. Effects of neonatal quinalphos exposure and subsequent withdrawal on free radical generation and antioxidative defenses in developing rat brain. Journal of Applied Toxicology 18(1): 71–77.

  • Debnath D. and Mandal T. K. 2000. Study of quinalphos (an environmental oestrogenic insecticide) formulation (Ekalux 25 E.C.)-induced damage of the testicular tissues and antioxidant defence systems in Sprague-Dawley albino rats. Journal of Applied Toxicology 20(3): 197-204.

  • Dwivedi D, Das M and Khanna S K. 1998. Role of cytochrome P-450 in quinalphos toxicity: effect on hepatic and brain antioxidant enzymes in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 36(5): 437-44.

  • Behrends A, Hardeland R, Ness H, Grube S, Poeggeler B, Haldar C (2004) Photocatalytic actions of the pesticide metabolite 2-hydroxyquinoxaline: destruction of antioxidant vitamins and biogenic amines—implications of organic redox cycling. Redox Rep 9: 279–288

  • Xu B. J., Zheng Y. N. and Sung C. K. 2005. Natural medicines for alcoholism treatment: a review Drug and alcohol review 24: 525–536.

  • Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Gopi S, Paramahamsa M, Varadacharyulu N. Ch. 2010. Protective effect of emblica officinalis against alcohol-induced hepatic injury by ameliorating oxidative stress in rats. Ind J Clin Biochem (Oct-Dec 2010) 25(4):419–424.

  • Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Varadacharyulu NCh. Emblica officinalis protects against alcohol‑induced liver mitochondrial dysfunction in rats. J Med Food 2009;12:327‑33.

  • Chen TS, Liou SY, Chang YL. Supplementation of Emblica officinalis (Amla) extract reduces oxidative stress in uremic patients. Am J Chin Med 2009;37:19‑25.

  • Shivananjappa MM, Joshi MK. Influence of Emblica officinalis aqueous extract on growth and antioxidant defense system of human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Pharm Biol 2012;50:497‑505.

  • Dasaroju S and Gottumukkala K M. 2014. Current Trends in the Research of Emblica officinalis (Amla): A Pharmacological Perspective. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 24(2), 150-159.

  • Chakraborty D and Verma R.2010. Ameliorative effect of Emblica officinalis aqueous extract on ochratoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the kidney and liver of mice. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2010;23(1):63 – 73.

  • Vasant R. A and Narasimhacharya A. V. R. L. 2012. Amla as an antihyperglycemic and hepato-renal protective agent in fluoride induced toxicity. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 4(3): 250–254.

  • Virk P, Elobeid M, Hamad S, Korany Z, Al-Amin M, Omer M D S, AlOlayan E, Siddiqui M I and Mirghani N M. 2013. Ameliorative effects of Embilica officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis on cadmium-induced oxidative stress in wistar rats. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research Vol. 7(14), pp. 805-818.

  • Surana B, Mehta J, Seshadri S. 2008. Toxicological Effects of Quinalphos and its Subsequent Reversal by Using Root Extract of Withania somnifera and Leaf Pulp of Aloe barbadensis. Journal of the Indian Society of Toxicology Volume : 4, Issue : 2 First page : ( 2) Last page : ( 5).

  • Aebi, H. E., 1983. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis Vol ΙΙΙ. In Bergmeyer, HO. (ed.), Catalase, New York, Academic press, pp. 273-386.

  • Marklund, S., Marklund, G., 1974. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 47, 469-474.

  • Shafiq-Ur-Rehman, Lead-induced regional lipid peroxidation in brain, Toxicol. Lett. 21 (1984) 333-337.

  • Luna L G. 1968. Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.

  • Daundkar P.S. and Rampal S. 2014. Evaluation of ameliorative potential of selenium oncarbendazim induced oxidative stress in male goats. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 3 8: 711–719.

  • Bhumika S, Jaya M and Sriram S. 2008.Toxicological effects of quinalphos and its subsequent reversal by using ischolar_main extract of withania somnifera and leaf pulp of aloe barbadensis. Journal of the Indian Society of Toxicology 4(2): 1-5.

  • Subramaneyaan M, Jain S, Yadav C, Arora V K, Banerjee B D and Ahmed R S. 2012. Quinalphos induced oxidative stress and histoarcheitectural alterations in adult male albino rats. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 34(3): 673-8.

  • Yokozawa T, Kim HY, Kim HJ, Tanaka T, Sugino H, Okubo T, et al. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) attenuates age‑related renal dysfunction by oxidative stress. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:7744‑52.

  • Bhattacharya A, Chatterjee A, Ghosal S, Bhattacharya SK. Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla). Indian J Exp Biol 1999;37:676‑80.

  • Sharma A, Sharma MK, Kumar M. Modulatory role of Emblica officinalis fruit extract against arsenic induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. Chem Biol Interact 2009;180:20‑30.

  • Sultana S, Ahmad S, Khan N, Jahangir T. Effect of Emblica officinalis (Gaertn) on CCl4 induced hepatic toxicity and DNA synthesis in Wistar rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2005;43:430‑6.


Abstract Views: 393

PDF Views: 0




  • Amelioration of Quinalphos-Induced Oxidative Stress by Emblica officinalis Fruit Extracts in Rats

Abstract Views: 393  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

P. S. Daundkar
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, CSKHPKV, Palampur, India
Bhaskar Vemu
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India
V. K. Dumka
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India
S. K. Sharma
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India
Kuldeep Gupta
Department of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India

Abstract


The fruit of Emblica officinalis (commonly known Amla) contain potent antioxidants and is most commonly used in the Ayurveda for the treatment of various diseases. Quinalphos- a organophorus insecticide is known to alter antioxidant defense system in mammals. With this premise, experiment was planned with objective to study the effect of amla fruit extract supplementation on quinalphos induced oxidative stress. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were homogenously divided into six groups of four animals each. Group I was kept as control. Group II was orally given quinalphos at the dose rate of 2 mg.kg-1. day-1. Group III and V were orally gavaged with amla in sugar and honey bases respectively at the dose rate of 50 μg.kg-1.day-1 whereas group IV and VI were orally dosed with quinalphos along with amla in sugar and honey bases respectively at above mentioned dose rates from day 16-45. The various indices of antioxidant status were analyzed in major organs of treatment groups viz. Liver, kidney and brain. Sub chronic quinalphos administration produced oxidative stress in rats as evidenced by increase in lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase and decline in superoxide dismutase. Oral supplementation of amla extract in sugar and honey bases provided partially amelioration against altered antioxidant status following sub chronic quinalphos exposure. Results of histopathological study were also in corroboration with blood antioxidant status validating amla in either bases was unable to provide full protection against quinalphos induced toxicity in rats.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.22506/ti%2F2017%2Fv24%2Fi3%2F166511