![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_open_medium.gif)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_restricted_medium.gif)
Effect Of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate On Certain Haematological And Histological Parameters Of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Di-(2-Ethyl-Hexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer commonly found in aquatic environment due to wide use of plastics for various purposes. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (length 14.2 ± 0.82 cm and weight 32.8 ± 0.66 g) were exposed to DEHP at three different concentration levels i.e., 10, 100 and 1000 µg l-1 water for 30 d to find out its effect on certain haematological and histological parameters. Haematological studies revealed significant (p<0.05) decrease in erythrocyte counts, while leukocyte counts were significantly increased in treated group with increasing concentration of DEHP. Further, treatment of DEHP in concentration dependent manner showed deformities in erythrocytes whereas leukocytes were unaffected. The total plasma protein level was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in lower to higher concentration of the exposure. Histological studies showed gill and liver tissues were affected with impaired histoarchitecture in a dose dependent manner.
Keywords
Cyprinus carpio, Di- (2-ethyl-hexyl) Phthalate (DEHP), Haematology, Histoarchitecture.
User
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
Font Size
Information
- Rowdhwal SS, Chen J. Toxic effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: an overview. Biomed Res. Int. 2018; 2018:10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1750368. PMid:29682520 PMCid:PMC5842715.
- Berge A, Cladiere M, Gasperi J, Coursimault A, Tassin B, Moilleron R. Meta-analysis of environmental contamination by phthalates. Environ. Sci. Pollut. 2013; 20(11):8057-8076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1982-5. PMid:23917738.
- Martine B, Cendrine D, Fabrice A, Marc C. Assessment of adult human exposure to phthalate esters in the Urban Centre of Paris (France). B Environ. Contam. Tox. 2013; 90(1):91-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0859-5. PMid:23090363.
- Schettler TE. Human exposure to phthalates via con sumer products. Int. J. Androl. 2006; 29(1):134-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00567.x. PMid:16466533.
- Abdel-Gawad SK, Atia T. Histological and ultrastructure changes induced by di-{2-ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP) in the alveolar tissue of adult albino rats and the possibility of recovery. J. Cell. Sci. Ther. 2013; 4(141):2. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7013.1000141.
- Rusyn I, Peters JM, Cunningham ML. Modes of action and species-specific effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the liver. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2006; 36(5):459-479. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408440600779065. PMid:16954067 PMCid:PMC2614359.
- Sjoberg P, Bondesson U, Gray TJ, Ploen L. Effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and five of its metabolites on rat testis in vivo and in vitro. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1986; 58(3):225-233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1986.tb00098.x. PMid:3716815.
- Foster PM, Mylchreest E, Gaido KW, Sar M. Effects of phthalate esters on the developing reproductive tract of male rats. Apmis. 2001; 109(S103):S272- S277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2001.tb05776.x.
- Albro PW, Lavenhar SR. Metabolism of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Drug Metab Rev. 1989; 21(1):13-34. https://doi.org/10.3109/03602538909029953. PMid:2696633.
- Lington AW, Bird MG, Plutnick RT, Stubblefield WA, Scala RA. Chronic toxicity and carcinogenic evaluation of di-isononyl phthalate in rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1997; 36(1):79-89. https://doi.org/10.1093/tox-sci/36.1.79.
- Mc-Kee RH, El-Hawari M, Stoltz M, Pallas F, Lington AW. Absorption, disposition and metabolism of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) in F-344 rats. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2002; 22(5):293-302. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.861. PMid:12355558.
- Duty SM, Silva MJ, Barr DB, Brock JW, Ryan L, Chen Z, Herrick RF, Christiani DC, Hauser R. Phthalate exposure and human semen parameters. Epidemiology. 2003; 14(3):269-277. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000059950.11836.16. PMid:12859026.
- Gray LE, Ostby J, Furr J, Price M, Veeramachaneni DR, Parks L. Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP and DINP, but not DEP, DMP or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat. Toxicol. Sci. 2000; 58(2):350-365. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/58.2.350. PMid:11099647.
- Parks LG, Ostby JS, Lambright CR, Abbott BD, Klinefelter GR, Barlow NJ, Gray LE. The plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat. Toxicol. Sci. 2000; 58(2):339-349. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/58.2.339. PMid:11099646.
- Jee JH, Keum YH, Kang JC. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced haematological effects in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) after short term exposure. Korean J. Limnol. 2004; 37(3):313-318. https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200418317183145.
- Sepperumal U, Saminathan S. Effect of diethyl phthalate on the haematological parameters of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia). Eur. J. Zool. Res. 2013; 2(4):55-59. https://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/journals/european-journal-of-zoological-research/.
- Obiezue RN, Ikele CB, Mgbenka BO, Okoye IC, Attamah GN, Uchendu C, Ezeamachi E, Onyia CQ. Toxicity study of diethyl phthalate on Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Afr. J. of Biotechnol. 2014; 13(7):884-896. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2013.13210.
- George KR, Gokul GN, Malini NA. Effects of different sub-lethal concentrations of plasticizer, diethyl phthalate on freshwater murrel, Channa striatus (Bloch). J. Appl. Nat. Sci. 2017; 9(1):476-481. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i1.1217.
- Ikele CB, Mgbenka BO, Oluah NS. Histopathological effects of diethyl phthalate on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Anim. Res. Int. 2011; 8(3):1431-1438. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ari/article/view/79848.
- Zeid EA, Khalil AS. Toxicological consequences of Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on health of Nile Tilapia fingerlings. Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2014; 9(4):269-276. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2014.269.276.
- Revathy V, Chitra KC. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced histopathological changes in gill and liver of freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852). Int. J. Adv. Res. 2015; 3(9):263-270. https://www.journalijar.com/.
- Selvaraj KK, Sundaramoorthy G, Ravichandran PK, Girijan GK, Sampath S, Ramaswamy BR. Phthalate esters in water and sediments of the Kaveri River, India: environmental levels and ecotoxicological evaluations. Environ. Geochem. Health. 2015; 37(1):83-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9632-5. PMid:25056812.
- Srivastava A, Sharma VP, Tripathi R, Kumar R, Patel DK, Mathur PK. Occurrence of phthalic acid esters in Gomti River Sediment, India. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2010; 169(1):397-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1182-4. PMid:19888666.
- Rahman MM. Role of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in aquaculture production systems. Front in Life Sci. 2015; 8(4):399-410. https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1045629.
- APHA, AWWA, WEF. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater (22nd edition). Washington, District of Columbia, USA; 2012. p. 1360. ISBN 978-087553-013-0.
- Blaxhall PC, Daisley KW. Routine haematological methods for use with fish blood. J. Fish Biol. 1973; 5(6):771-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04510.x.
- Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 1951; 193:265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6.
- Gerhardt A. Aquatic behavioral ecotoxicology-prospects and limitations. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 2007; 13(3):481-491. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807030701340839.
- Reddy SJ, Reddy TK, Reddy DC. Influence of heavy metals on biochemical and metabolic biomarkers of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. Bioscan. 2011; 6(1):167-173. http://www.thebioscan.com/.
- Roche H, Boge G. Fish blood parameters as a potential tool for identification of stress caused by environmental factors and chemical intoxication. Mar. Environ. Res. 1996; 41(1):27-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(95)00015-1.
- Orun I, Selamoglu Z, Gulhan MF, Erdogan K. Role of propolis on biochemical and hematological parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to cypermethrin. J. Surv. Fish Sci. 2014; 1(1):21-35. https://doi.org/10.18331/sfs2014.1.1.3.
- Ates B, Orun I, Talas ZS, Durmaz G, Yilmaz I. Effects of sodium selenite on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to Pb2+ and Cu2+. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 2008; 34(1):53-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-007-9146-5. PMid:18649023.
- El-Sayed YS, Saad TT, El-Bahr SM. Acute intoxication of deltamethrin in monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus with special reference to the clinical, biochemical and haematological effects. Environ. Toxicol. Phar. 2007; 24(3):212-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2007.05.006. PMid:21783813.
- Remyla SR, Ramesh M, Sajwan KS, Kumar KS. Influence of zinc on cadmium induced haematological and biochemical responses in a freshwater teleost fish Catla catla. Fish Physiol Biochem. 2008; 34(2):169-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-007-9157-2. PMid:18649034.
- Lavanya S, Ramesh M, Kavitha C, Malarvizhi A. Hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of Indian major carp Catla catla during chronic sublethal exposure to inorganic arsenic. Chemosphere. 2011; 82(7):977-985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemo sphere.2010.10.071. PMid:21094981.
- Yuan L, Li M, Meng F, Gong Y, Qian Y, Shi G, Wang R. Growth, blood health, antioxidant status, immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile yellow catfish exposed to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part-C: Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017; 202:79-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.08.004. PMid:28851534.
- Talas ZS, Gulhan MF, Erdogan K, Orun I. Antioxidant effects of propolis on carp Cyprinus carpio exposed to arsenic: Biochemical and histopathologic findings. Dis. Aquat. Org. 2014; 108(3):241-249. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02714. PMid:24695237.
- Wolf JC, Wolfe MJ. A brief overview of nonneoplastic hepatic toxicity in fish. Toxicol Pathol. 2005; 33(1):75-85. https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01926230590890187. PMid:15805058.
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/abstractview.png)
Abstract Views: 152
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/pdfview.png)
PDF Views: 0