![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_open_medium.gif)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_restricted_medium.gif)
An Incidence of Onion (Allium Cepa) Toxicity In Cattle and Buffaloes.
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Toxicity was caused by the accidental ingestion of a large quantity onion (Allium cepa) by 6 cattle and 4 water buffalos. The animals exhibited the clinical signs of pale mucous membranes, lethargy, anorexia and voiding dark urine after 8-10 days of ingestion of onion. The post mortem showed the odor of onion and the rumen found several bits of onions. The kidneys were dark brown with urine. Microscopy demonstrated tubular degeneration and necrosis in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells and tubular lumina with eosinophilic substance deposits. Hemorrhage and macrophages containing brown cytoplasmic pigment with centrilobular coagulative necrosis were found in liver. The ailing animals recovered with therapy with fluids, phosphorus, B-complex vitamins and vitamin C for five consecutive days.
Keywords
Biochemistry, Buffaloes, Cattle, Hematology, Onion, Toxicity, Treatment.
User
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
Font Size
Information
- Narayana K, Pradeep K, Usha N, Shridhar NB. Poisonous and medicinal plants. 1 rst edn. Bengaluru: Jayshri Publications; 2003. p. 128–32.
- Panter KE, Gardner DR, Lee ST, Pfister JA, Ralphs MH. Important poisonous plants of the United States. Gupta RC (ed) Veterinary Toxicology. Oxford: Academic Press; 2007. 825–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370467 2/50163-2
- Friesen N, Fritsch RM, Blattner FR. Phylogeny and new intrageneric classification of Allium (Alliaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. Aliso. 2006; 22:372–95. https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20062201.31
- Aslani MR, Mohri M, Movassaghi AR. Heinz body anaemia associated with onion (Allium cepa) toxicosis in a flock of sheep. Comp Clin Path. 2005; 14:118–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-005-0563-5
- Farkas MC, Farkas JN. Hemolytic anemia due to ingestion of onions in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1974; 10:65–6.
- Hutchison TWS. Onions as a cause of Heinz body anaemia and death in cattle. Can Vet J. 1977; 18:358–60.
- Lazarus AE, Rajamani S. Poisoning due to onion spoilage in cattle. Indian Vet J. 1968; 45(10):877–80.
- Kaplan AJ. Onion powder in baby food may induce anemia in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1995; 207:1405–9.
- Lazarus AE, Rajamani S. Poisoning due to onion spoilage in cattle. Indian Vet J. 1968; 45(10):877–80.
- Notomi MK, Esaine LAL, Batista KM. Onion (Allium cepa L.) toxicosis, with Heinz bodies formation in a dog with chronic renal failure-Case report. In Portuguese. Cl’ınica Veterinaria. 2004; 53:32.
- Pierce KR, Joyce JR, England RB. Acute hemolytic anemia caused by wild onion poisoning in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1972; 160:323–7.
- Rae HA. Onion toxicosis in a herd of beef cows. Can Vet J. 1999; 40:55–7.
- Thorp F, Harshfield GS. Onion poisoning in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1939; 94:52.
- Tokarnia CH, DoBereiner J, Peixoto PV. Plantas toxicas do Brasil. [Poisonous plants from Brazil]. Helianthus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. In Portuguese. 2000; 4:34–5.
- Robertson JE, Christopher MM, Rogers QR. Heinz body formation in cats fed baby food containing onion powder. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998; 212:1260–6.
- Selim HM, Yamato O, Tajima M, Maede Y. Rumen bacteria are involved in the onset of onion induced hemolytic anemia in sheep. J Vet Med Sci. 1999; 61:369 74. PMid: 10342287. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms. 61.369
- Fighera RA, Souza TM, Langohr I. Intoxicacao experimental por cebola, Allium cepa (Liliaceae) em gatos. [Experimental poisoning by onion, Allium cepa (Liliaceae) in cats]. In Portuguese. Pesq Vet Bras. 2002; 22(2):79–84. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100 736X2002000200008
- Fredrickson EL, Estell RE, Havstad KM. Potential toxicity and feed value of onions for sheep. Livest Prod Sci. 1995; 42:45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(94) 00066-G
- Harvey JW, Rackear D. Experimental onion-induced hemolytic anemia in dogs. Vet Pathol. 1985; 22:387–92. PMid: 4035943. https://doi.org/10.1177/030098588502 2 00414
- Bark LS. A review of the methods available for the detection and determination of small amounts of cyanide. Analyst. 1963; 88:751–3. https://doi.org/10.1039 /an9638800751
- Householder GT, Daollahite MW, Hulse R. Diphenylamine for diagnosis of nitrate intoxication.Vet Med Res.1966; 48:662–5.
- Lincoln SD, Howell ME, Combs JJ. Hematologic effects and feeding performance in cattle fed cull domestic onions (Allium cepa). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992; 200:1090–4.
- Van der Kolk JH. Onion poisoning in a herd of dairy cattle. Vet Rec. 2000; 28:517–8. PMid: 11110494. https:// doi.org/10.1136/vr.147.18.517
- Hellebuyck T, Simard J, Van De Velde N, Geerinckx L. Acute Ramson (Allium ursinum) toxicosis in captive tortoises. The J of Herpetol Med Surg. 2019; 29 (1-2):34–9. https://doi.org/10.5818/18-07-163.1
- Patil NA, Satbige A, Ingale YS, Sandeep H, Kasaralikar VR. Onion toxicosis in buffaloes. Buffalo Bull. 2019; 38(2):380–91.
- Block E. The organosulfur chemistry of the onion. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat Elem. 1991; 58:3–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426509108040623
- Radakovich LB, Pannone SC, Truelove MP, Olver CS, Santangelo KS. Hematology and biochemistry of aging evidence of “anemia of the elderly” in old dogs. Vet Clin Pathol. 2017; 46(1):34–45. PMid: 28195648. https://doi. org/10.1111/vcp.12459
- Yamato O, Hayashi M, Kasai E. Reduced glutathione accelerates the oxidative damage produced by sodium N-propylthiosulfate, one of the causative agent of onion induced hemolytic anemia in dogs. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999; 1427:175–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S030 4-4165(99)00023-9
- Maxwell MH. Production of Heinz body anaemia in the domestic fowl after ingestion of dimethyl disulphide: A haematological and ultrastructural study. Res Vet Sci. 1981; 30(2):233–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034 5288(18)32587-6
- Rifkind R. Heinz body anemia-an ultrastructural study: II. Red cell sequestration and destruction. Heinz body formation. Blood. 1965; 26:433–48. PMid: 5825007. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V26.4.433.433
- Munday R, Manns E. Comparative toxicity of propenyl disulfides derived from Alliaceae: Possible involvement of 1-propenyl-disulfides in onion-induced hemolytic anemia. J Agric Food Chem. 1994; 42:59–62. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00040a023
- Lubin A, Desforges JF. Effect of Heinz bodies on red cell deformability. Blood. 1972; 39:658–65. PMid: 4112294. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V39.5.658.658
- Kasai E. Mechanism of oxidative damage and species difference in erythrocytes oxidized by sodium N-propylthio-sulfate, a causative agent of onion induced hemolytic anemia. Jpn J Vet Res. 1996; 44(1):37.
- Borelli VJ, Lucioli FH, Furlan PG, Hoepers JF, Roveda SD, Traverso JG, Gava A. Fatal onion (Allium cepa) toxicosis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). J Vet Diag Invest. 2009; 21: 404–5. PMid: 19407101. https:// doi.org/10.1177/104063870902100321
- Bal MS, Mahajan V, Filia G, Kaur P, Singh A. Diagnosis and management of bovine babesiosis outbreaks in cattle in Punjab state. Vet World. 2016; 9(12):1370–4. PMid: 28096607 PMCid: PMC5234049. https://doi. org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.1370-1374
- Shen Y, Gao J, Xu K, Xue L, Zhang Y, Shi B, Li D, Wei X, Higuchi S. Babesiasis in Nanjing Area, China. Trop Anim Health Prod. 1997; 29:19–22. PMid: 9512739. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02632910
- Lincoln SD, Howell ME, Combs JJ. Hematologic effects and feeding performance in cattle fed cull domestic onions (Allium cepa). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992; 200:1090–4.
- Pierce KR, Joyce JR, England RB, Jones LP. Acute hemolytic anemia caused by wild onion poisoning in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1972; 160(3):323–7.
- Chakrabarthi A, Basak DN. Onion poisoning in a heifer - A case report. Livestock Adviser. 1994; 9:36. 40. Hothi DS, Arneja JS, Chawla JS. Onion poisoining in bullocks. Indian Vet J. 1980; 57:690–2.
- Bark LS. A review of the methods available for the detection and determination of small amounts of cyanide. Analyst. 1963; 88:751–3. https://doi.org/10. 1039/an9638800751
- Kirk JH, Buugin MS. Effects of feeding cull onions (Allium cepa) to sheep. Am J Vet Res. 1979; 40:397–9. 43. Sudhakara Reddy B, Sivajothi S, Pridhvidhar Reddy YV. Serum biochemical and haematological changes in sheep with onion toxicity. Chem Sci Rev Lett. 2017; 6(24):2590–2.
- El-Sayed YS, El-Okle OSM, Hassan SMH, Bakir NMA. Poisoning of cattle feeding on Allium ampeloprasum (Egyptian Kurrat). J Vet Sci Med Diagn. 2015; 4(4):2–4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9590.1000170
- Kutay Y, Banu D, Remzi G , M Erman O. Cyanide poisoning in cattle. J Dairy and Vet Sci. 2017; 1(4):2–4. https://doi.org/10.19080/JDVS.2017.01.555567
- Issi M, Gul Y, Atessahin A, Karahan I. Acute nitrate poisoning in two cattle. Toxicol Environ Chemi. 2008; 90(1):135–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/027722407013 65649
- Gonzalez-Montana JR, Martin MJ, Alonso P. General aspect and current fluid therapy in cattle with digestive diseases. Am J Anim Vet Sci. 2017; 12(3):111–31.
- Dubeski PL, d’Offay JM, Owens FN, Gill DR. Effects of B vitamin injection on bovine herpesvirus-1 infection and immunity in feed-restricted beef calves. J Anim Sci. 1996; 74(6):1367–74. PMid: 8791210. https:// doi.org/10.2527/1996.7461367x
- Parton KH. Onion toxicity in farmed animals. New Zealand Vet J. 2000; 48(3):89–90. PMid: 16032128. https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2000.36168
- Carbery JT. A case of onion poisoning in a cow. New Zealand Vet J. 1999; 47(5):184–5. PMid: 16032100. https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1999.36140
- Notomi MK, Esaine LAL, Batista KM. Intoxicac¸a˜o por ingesta˜o por cebola (Allium cepa L.), com formac¸a˜o de corpu’ sculo de Heinz, em um ca˜o com insuficieˆncia renal croˆnica [Onion (Allium cepa L.) toxicosis, with Heinz bodies formation, in a dog with chronic renal failure-Case report]. In Portuguese. Cl’ınica Veterina’ ria. 2004; 3:32–6.
- Tang X, Xia Z, Yu J. An experimental study of hemolysis induced by onion (Allium cepa) poisoning in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 31:143–9. PMid: 18307506. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00930.x
- Mehta JR, Braund KG, Hegreberg GA, Thukral V. Lipid fluidity and composition of the erythrocyte membrane from healthy dogs and Labrador retrievers with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Neurochem Res. 1991; 16:129–35. PMid:1908955. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF 00965700
- Gill PA, Sergeant ES. Onion poisoning in a bull. Australian Vet J. 1981; 57(10):484–5.
- Verhoeff J, Hajer R, Van Den Ingh TS. Onion poisoning of young cattle. Vet Rec. 1985; 117(19):497–8. PMid: 4082398. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.117.19.497
- Kalyani P, Kumar K, Aswani Y, Haritha B, Srinivas, Durga A. Kanaka Comparative blood haemato biochemical variations in Indian Zebu cattle breeds during early summer. Biol Rhythm Res. 2018; 49 (6):811–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2018.1424772
- Luna LG. Manual of histopathological staining methods of the armed forces. Institute of Pathology. Edn. 3rd. New York: McGrow Hill Book Co; 1968. p. 1–46.
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/abstractview.png)
Abstract Views: 140
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/pdfview.png)
PDF Views: 0