![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_open_medium.gif)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltext_restricted_medium.gif)
Basic Violet-1 Dye Induced Variation in Antioxidative Enzymes Leads to Neurotoxicity in Labeo rohita
Subscribe/Renew Journal
The present study explored the potential use of brain anti-oxidative enzymes as pollution biomarkers in fish Labeo rohita. Experiments were conducted to see the neurotoxic effects of dye Basic violet-1 on fish brain enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. Acute toxicity tests were performed for 96 hrs with dye concentrations of 0.2 (LC20), 0.4 (LC40), 0.6 (LC60), 0.8 (LC80) and 1 (LC100) mg/l to study biochemical changes. Behavioural observations were also recorded. Recovery experiments were run for 15 and 30 days. Exposure to the dye adversely affects the brain of the fish as evidenced by altered swimming behavior. Significant dose and duration-dependent increase in enzyme activity was recorded for alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase while lactate dehydrogenase activity showed a decrease when compared to the control. Lactate dehydrogenase was found to be a maximally affected enzyme as the percentage change over control is 301.26%. The results indicate prolonged neurotoxic effects of the dye as indicated by the altered swimming behaviour and enzymatic profile of fish. The present study recommends the use of L. rohita as sentinel species in water quality studies and supports the incorporation of fish biochemical profiles as a biomarker in water/ wastewater monitoring programs.
Keywords
Antioxidative Enzymes, Azo Dyes, Biomarkers, Labeo rohita, Neurotoxicity.
User
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
Font Size
Information
- Amin KA, Abdel Hameid II H, AbdElsttar AH. Effect of food azo dyes tartrazine and carmoisine on biochemical parameters related to renal, hepatic function and oxidative stress biomarkers in young male rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48:2994–9. PMid: 20678534. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.039
- Chung KT, Cerniglia CE. Mutagenicity of azo dyes: Structureactivity relationships. Mut Res. 1992; 277:11–5. PMid: 1381050. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(92)90044-A
- Copper ZL, Somero GN. Temperature differences between the M41 lactate dehydrogenase of stenothermal and eurythermal sciaenid fishes. J Exp Zool. 1990; 254: 127–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402540203
- Damasceno JM, Rato LD, Simões T, Morão IFC, Meireles G, Novais, SC, Lemos MFL. Exposure to the insecticide sulfoxaflor affects the behaviour and biomarkers responses of Carcinus maenas (Crustacea: Decapoda). 2021; Biology. 10:1234. PMid: 34943149 PMCid: PMC8698531. https:// doi.org/10.3390/biology10121234
- El-Sayed YS, Saad TT. Subacute intoxication of a deltamethrin- based preparation (Butox® 5% EC) in mono-sex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008; 102:293–9. PMid: 18053029. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00157.x
- Farombi EO, Adelowo OA, Ajimoko YR. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and heavy metal levels as indicators of environmental pollution in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Nigeria Ogun river. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2007; 4:158–65. PMid: 17617680 PMCid: PMC3728582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2007040011
- Hussain B, Yaseen H, Al-Ghanim K, Al-Misned F., Qasim M, Al-Mulhm N, Mahboob S. A study on risk assessment of the effect of hematoxylin dye on cytotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in freshwater fish: Food and water security prospective research. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021; 28:2267–71. PMid: 33911941 PMCid: PMC8071821. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.019
- James R, Sampath K, Ponmani KP. Effect of metal mixtures on the activity of enzymes and their recovery in Orechromis mossambicus. Indian J Exp Biol.1992; 30:496–9.
- Kaur R, Dua A. Scales of freshwater fish Labeo rohita as bio-indicators of water pollution in Tung Dhab Drain, Amritsar, Punjab, India. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A. 2015; 78: 388–96. PMid: 25734766. https://doi.org/10.1080 /15287394.2014.990072
- Kaur S, Kaur A. Variability in antioxidant/detoxification enzymes of Labeo rohita exposed to an azo dye, Acid black (AB). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015; 167:108–16. PMid:25277676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cbpc.2014.06.009
- Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem.1951; 193:265–75. PMid: 14907713. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0021-9258(19)52451-6
- MacIntyre RJ. A method for measuring activities of acid phosphatases separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Biochem Genet.1971; 5:45–56. PMid: 5582063. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF00485729
- Monteiro M, Quintaneiro C, Nogueira AJA, Morgado F, Soares AMVM, Guilhermino L. Impact of chemical exposure on the fish Pomatoschistus microps Kroyer (1838) in estuaries of the Portuguese Northwest coast. Chemosphere. 2007; 66:514–22. PMid: 16844193. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.061
- Mumtaz A. Behavioural toxicology. I. Channa punctatus under mercury stress. Indian J Environ Prot.1986; 6:185–8.
- Nwani CD, Lakra WS, Nagpure NS, Kumar R, Kushwaha B, Srivastava SK. Mutagenic and Genotoxic effects of Carbosulpan in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) using micronucleus assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48:202–8. PMid: 19818828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.041
- Osman AGM, Mckkawy IA, Verreth J, Kirschbaum F. Effects of lead nitrate on the activity of metabolic enzymes during early developmental stages of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Fish Physiol Biochem. 2007; 33:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-006-9111-8
- Puvaneswari N, Muthukrishnan J, Gunasekaran P. Toxicity assessment and microbial degradation of azo dyes. Indian J Exp Biol 2006; 44:618–26.
- Ramalingam V, Suganthy OMA, Arunadevy R, Jaya A. Mercuric chloride-induced biochemical changes in the liver of mature male albino rats. Indian J Environ Toxicol.1999; 9:56–8.
- Ramesh M, Manavalavamugam R, Sivakumari K. Studies on the effect of nickel electroplating factory effluent on phosphatase activity of freshwater teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus. Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences. 1993;12:41–7.
- Rao JV. Sublethal effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (RPR-II) on biochemical parameters of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp Biochem Physiol Part C. 2006; 143: 492–8. PMid: 16765096. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.05.001
- Sastry KV, Siddiqui AA. 1983. Metabolic changes in the snakehead fish Channa punctatus chronically exposed to endosulfan. Water Air Soil Pollut.19:133–41. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF00211799
- Sekar P, Hariprasad S, Deccaraman M. Impact of textile dye industry effluent on the neurosecretory cells in freshwater female crab Spiralothelphusa hydrodromic (Herbst). J Appl Sci Res. 2008; 4:1526–33.
- Tripathi G, Shasmal J. Concentration-related responses of chlorpyrifos in antioxidant, anaerobic and protein synthesizing machinery of the freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2011; 99:215–20. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2010.12.006
- Vassault A. Lactate dehydrogenase. In: Bergmeyer HU, Bergmeyer J, Grass M, editors. Methods of enzymatic analysis, Enzymes I: Oxidoreductases, Transferases. 3rd ed. Florida Basel. Verlag Chemie Weinheim Deerfeld Beach; 1983.
- Woo SPS, Liu WH, Au DWT, Anderson DM, Wu RSS. 2006. Antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and erythrocytes of fish (Rhabdosargus sarba) upon exposure to Chattonella marina and hydrogen peroxide: implications on the cause of fish kills. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 2006; 336:230–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.05.013
- Zollinger H. Colour chemistry: synthesis, properties and applications of organic dyes and pigments. New York: Weinheim; 1987.
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/abstractview.png)
Abstract Views: 197
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/pdfview.png)
PDF Views: 0