![Open Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextgreen.png)
![Restricted Access](https://i-scholar.in/lib/pkp/templates/images/icons/fulltextred.png)
Offshore Wind to Meet Increasing Energy Demands in India
Offshore wind provides a scalable alternative to conventional energy resources. It can be a potential source to meet the increasing energy demand in developing countries like India, for which an attractive policy framework is required. The aim of this study is to provide an insight for evolving onshore wind policy in India and suggest suitable strategies for development of offshore wind sector. Various wind resource maps were reviewed and potential sites identified as Rameswaram and Kanyakumari along Tamil Nadu coast. Suitability analysis was conducted to identify the type of wind turbine recommended at potential sites to achieve high plant load factor, considering the uncertainty in wind speeds. Commercial viability studies were carried out to identify appropriate incentives for development of offshore wind sector in India. Results indicate a levelized cost of energy of Rs 10.8 and Rs 9.6/Kwh at Rameswaram and Kanyakumari for an internal rate of return of 14%.
Keywords
Commercial Viability, Offshore Wind Energy, Wind Potential Assessment.
User
Font Size
Information
- European Wind Energy Association, The European offshore wind industry-key trends and statistics, 2014, 2015.
- Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Statistics, 2014, Brussels, Belgium, 2014.
- European Wind Energy Association, ‘Wind energy scenarios for 2020’ July 2014.
- FOWIND, Offshore Wind Policy And Market Assessment, December 2014.
- Energy Next, http://www.energynext.in/japan-to-increase-its-offshore-wind-capacity-to-40-timesby-2020/, Energy Next, March 2013 (online).
- London Array, http://www.londonarray.com/wp-content/uploads/London-Array-Brochure.pdf, London Array, 2013 (online).
- A national offshore wind strategy: creating an offshore wind energy industry in the United States, US Department of Energy (DOE), February 2011.
- Central Electricity Authority, Installed Capacity January 2015, (online). Available: http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/inst_capacity/jan15.pdf (accessed 1 February 2015).
- Central Electricity Authority, Load Generation Balance Report 14–15 (online); available: http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/yearly/lgbr_report.pdf (accessed 1 July 2014).
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Agriculture Research Data Book – 2002 (online); available: http://www.iasri.res.in/agridata/02data%5Cchapter%204%5Cdb2002tb4_5.htm. (accessed 1 July 2014).
- Mani, A., Wind Energy Resource Survey in India III, Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
- Mani, A. and Mooley, D. A., Wind Energy Data for India, Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 1983.
- Earnest, J. and Wizelius, T., Wind Power Plant and Project Development, PHI Learning Private Limited, 2011.
- IRENA-GWEC, 30 Years of Policies for Wind Energy: Lessons from 12 Wind Energy Markets, International Renewable Energy Agency, UAE, 2013.
- Spratt, S., Dong, W., Krishna, C., Sagar, A. and Ye, Q., What Drives Wind and Solar Energy Investment in India and China? Evidence Report 87, 2014.
- Loy, D. and Gaube, J, Producing Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources: Energy Sector Framework in 15 Countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Berlin, 2002.
- Soonee, S. K., Gar, M. and Prakash, S., Renewable energy certificate mechanism in India. In 16th National Power Systems Conference, 15–17 December 2010, Hyderabad.
- Global Wind Energy Council, India wind energy outlook 2012, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, 2012.
- Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Programme/scheme wise Physical Progress in 2014–15 (online); available: http://www.mnre.gov.in/mission-and-vision-2/achievements/ (accessed 30 January 2015).
- Cwet, Riso DTU, The Indian Wind Atlas, Chennai, Centre for Wind Energy Technology, 2010.
- International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 61400: Wind turbine – Part 3 design requirements for offshore wind turbines, Geneva, 2009.
- International Electrotechnical Commission, ‘IEC 61400: Wind turbine – Part 1 design requirement’, Geneva, 2005.
- Harikumar, R., Sabique, L., Balakrishnan Nair, T. M. and Shenoi, S. S. C., Report on the assessment of wind energy potential along the Indian coast for offshore wind farm advisories, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, INCOIS-MOG&ISG-TR-2011-07, Hyderabad, 2011.
- Roeth, J., Wind Resource Assessment Handbook, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, 2010.
- Ray, M. L., Rogers, A. L. and McGowan, J. G., Analysis of Wind Shear Models and Trends in Different Terrains, University of Massachusetts, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Renewable Energy Research Laboratory, Amherst.
- Ernst, B. and Seume, J. R., Investigation of site-specific wind field parameters and their effect on loads of offshore wind turbines. Energies, 2012, 5, 3835–3855.
- Senvion, Complete Safety for Your Wind (online); available: http://www.senvion.com/windenergy-solutions/operation/service/onshore-maintenance/isp/isp/ (accessed 1 January 2015).
- Sanderse, B., Aerodynamics of Wind Turbine Wakes – Literature Review, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, 2009.
- Madariaga, A., Martínez de Ilarduya, C. J., Ceballos, S., Martínez de Alegría, I. and Martín, J. L., Electrical losses in multi-MW wind energy conversion systems. In International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, Spain, 2012.
- Olives Daxton, Analysing the effect of earthquake on wing turbine, MS thesis, Civil Engineering, Reykjavik University, June 2014.
- IS1893 (part I): 2002, Criteria for earth quake resistant design of structures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
- Dicorato, M., Forte, G., Pisani, M. and Trovato, M., Guidelines for assessment of investment cost for offshore wind generation. Renewable Energies, 2011, 36, 2043–2051.
- Bernd, M., Lixuan, H., Reinhard, L. and Frede, H., Evaluation of offshore wind resource by scale of development. Renewable Energy, 2012, 48, 314–322.
- Vamsidhar, K., Eshwarswaroop, D. A., Ayyappapreamkrishna, K. and Gopinath, R., Study and rate analysis of escalation in construction industry. J. Mech. Civil Eng., 2014, 11(2), 14–25.
- Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency, Financing norms and schemes, 26 July 2014 (online). available: http://www.ireda.gov.in/writereaddata/Financing%20Norms%20%20Schemes-%20_%2026%2007%202014.pdf (accessed 1 January 2015).
- Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Energy Outlook, 2014.
- RE Connect Energy, Open Access, 2014 (online). Available: http://www.reconnectenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/OPENACCESS_Volume_43_Final.pdf (accessed 1 January 2015).
- Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association, Wind Power Financial Aspects. India Wind Power, 2014, 1(3).
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/abstractview.png)
Abstract Views: 259
![](https://i-scholar.in/public/site/images/pdfview.png)
PDF Views: 104