International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Analysis of Energy, Coverage, and Fault Issues and their Impacts on Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Concise Survey


Affiliations
1 Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
 

Energy-efficiency, Coverage-quality, and Fault-tolerance Issues (ECFI) are the three primary and crucial quality assurance standards in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). These three standards ensure the network design of a self-configurable and sustainable WSN. First, energy-efficiency mechanisms ensure the prolonging of the overall network lifetime. Second, the coverage quality means how well a region of interest (RoI) is covered. Third, fault-tolerance refers to the ability of a network to continue operating without interruption when one or more components fail. With rapid innovations and developments in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications, many researchers' most sustainable objective is to provide an adeptly operational sensor network. A broad range of applications of WSNs can be seen in the fields of academic, military, industry, medical, and daily needs worldwide. This analysis and survey article's main objective is to highlight different promising challenges on various fundamental characteristics, designing limitations, and their impacts on applications of WSNs. The authors also highlight the energy depletion and energy-provision issues with a concise survey of coverage and fault-related issues in WSNs. The authors finally summarized with discussion and analysis of the overall impacts of ECFI and other parameters on WSNs with simulator availability and future research direction.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Networks, Design-Limitations, Applications, Energy-Efficiency, Coverage-Quality, Fault-Tolerance, Future Remarks.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • I.F. Akyildiz and W. Su ~et al.: Wireless sensor networks: a survey, Computer Networks, Vol. 38, No. 4, 2002, pp.393–422.

  • Tilak, Sameer ~et al.: A Taxonomy of Wireless Micro-Sensor Network Models, SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev., Association for Computing Machinery, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2002, pp.28-36.

  • Willig A.: Wireless sensor networks: concept, challenges and approaches, e & i electrical engg. and information tech. Springer Nature, Vol. 123, No. 6, 2006, pp.224--231.

  • Deyu Lin, Quan Wang, Weidong Min, Jianfeng Xu, and Zhiqiang Zhang. 2020. A Survey on Energy-Efficient Strategies in Static Wireless Sensor Networks. ACM Trans. Sen. Netw. 17, 1, Article 3 (January 2021), 48 pages.

  • Tifenn Rault, ~et al.: Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks: A top-down survey, Computer Networks, Vol. 67 pp.104-122, 2014.

  • Wang, Bang.: Coverage Problems in Sensor Networks: A Survey, Association for Computing Machinery, Vol. 43 No. 4, pp. 32-53, 2011.

  • Raymond Mulligan and Habib M. Ammari: Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey, Network Protocols and Algorithms, Macrothink Institute, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 27-53, 2010.

  • A. Tripathi, H. P. Gupta, ~et al.: Coverage and Connectivity in WSNs: A Survey, Research Issues and Challenges', IEEE Access, Vol. 6, pp.26971--26992, 2018.

  • Riham Elhabyan, ~et al.: Coverage protocols for wireless sensor networks: Review and future directions, Journal of Communications and Networks, Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 45-60, 2019.

  • GG. Kakamanshadi, ~et al.: A survey on fault tolerance techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks, ICGCIoT, Noida, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp.168--173, 2015.

  • Pradhan, Dhiraj K.: Fault-Tolerant Computer System Design, Prentice-Hall, Inc., USA, Book-1996, ISBN: 0130578878, 1996.

  • Koushanfar, Farinaz ~et al.: Fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks', Handbook of Sensor Networks: Compact Wireless and Wired Sensing Systems, 2004.

  • Shyama, M. and Pillai, Anju S.: `Fault-Tolerant Techniques for Wireless Sensor Network---A Comprehensive Survey', Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering, Springer Singapore, pp. 261--269, 2019.

  • H. Yetgin, K. T. K. Cheung, ~et al.: A Survey of Network Lifetime Maximization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2017, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 828-854.

  • Maroua Abdelhafidh ~et al.: Wireless sensor network monitoring system:architecture, applications and future directions, Int. J. Communication Networks and Distributed Systems, 2019, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp.413--451.

  • Mohamed, Reem E., ~et al.: Survey on Wireless Sensor Network Applications and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol', Wireless Personal Communications, 2018, Vol. 101, No. 2, pp. 1019--1055.

  • Huang YM, ~et al.: Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, Mukhopadhyay S., Huang R. (eds) Sensors. Lecture Notes Electrical Engineering, vol 21. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008, pp.199--219.

  • J. Guo and H. Jafarkhani: Sensor Deployment With Limited Communication Range in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2016, Vol. 15, No. 10, pp.6771-6784.

  • M. K. Singh, ~et al.: A Survey of Wireless Sensor Network and its types, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN), 2018, pp. 326-330.

  • Priyadarshi, R., ~et al.: Deployment techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey, classification, challenges, and future research issues, The Journal of Supercomputing, Springer, 2020, Vol. 76, No. 9, pp.7333-–7373.

  • Ahmad I, ~et al.: Military applications using wireless sensor networks: a survey, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, June 2016, Vol. 6, pp. 7039-7043.

  • C. V. Mahamuni.: A military surveillance system based on wireless sensor networks with extended coverage life, International Conference on Global Trends in Signal Processing, Information Computing and Communication (ICGTSPICC), 2016, pp. 375-381.

  • Egbogah, ~et al.: A Survey of System Architecture Requirements for Health Care-Based Wireless Sensor Networks, Sensors, MDPI, 2011, Vol.11, pp. 4875-4898.

  • Kim, HyungJun ~et al.: A Proposal for a Home-Based Health Monitoring System for the Elderly or Disabled, Book title: Computers Helping People with Special Needs, Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2006, pp. 473--479.

  • Ranganathan, Selvarasu.: Home Automation System using wireless Sensor Network, International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics, 2015, Vol. 13, pp.230-234.

  • José J. Anaya, ~et al.: Vehicle to Vehicle GeoNetworking using Wireless Sensor Networks, Ad Hoc Networks, 2015, Vol 27, pp. 133-146.

  • Krichen, Dhouha ~et al.: A Public Safety Wireless Sensor Network: A Visible Light Communication Based Approach, International Conference on e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries, 2016, pp. 203-214.

  • S. R. Jino Ramson and D. J. Moni.: Applications of wireless sensor networks – A survey, International Conference on Innovations in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Media Technology (ICEEIMT), 2017, pp. 325-329.

  • Christin, D, ~et al.: Survey on Wireless Sensor Network Technologies for Industrial Automation: The Security and Quality of Service Perspectives, Future Internet 2010, Vol. 2, pp. 96-125.

  • Baire, M., ~et al.: WSN Hardware for Automotive Applications: Preliminary Results for the Case of Public Transportation, Electronics, MDPI, 2019, Vol. 8, pp. 1483.

  • Daudi S. Simbeye, ~et al.: Design and deployment of wireless sensor networks for aquaculture monitoring and control based on virtual instruments, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2014, Vol. 102, pp. 31-42.

  • Othmana MF, Shazali K: Wireless sensor network applications: a study in environment monitoring system, Int Symp Robot Intell Sens Procedia Eng, 2012, pp. 1204–1210.

  • G. Marques and R. Pitarma.: Agricultural environment monitoring system using wireless sensor networks and IoT, 13th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), 2018, pp. 99-102.

  • Markus Becker, ~et al.: Logistic applications with wireless sensor networks, In Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Hot Topics in Embedded Networked Sensors 2010, ACM, NY, USA, Article 6, pp. 1–5.

  • Olson, Jason: A survey of wearable sensor networks in health and entertainment, MOJ Applied Bionics and Biomechanics. 2. 10.15406/mojabb.2018.02.00082.

  • D. I. Săcăleanu, ~et al.: Low-cost wireless sensor node with application in sports, IEEE 23rd International Symposium for Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging, 2017, pp. 395-398.

  • L. M. Borges, F. J. Velez and A. S. Lebres.: Survey on the Characterization and Classification of Wireless Sensor Network Applications, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2014, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1860-1890.

  • Linh Nguyen, Hoc T. Nguyen.: Mobility based network lifetime in wireless sensor networks: A review, Computer Networks, 2020, Vol. 174 pp.107236.

  • Mills, Kevin L.: A brief survey of self-organization in wireless sensor networks, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2007, Vol. 7, No. 7, pp.823--834.

  • Hancke, Gerhard P et al. “The role of advanced sensing in smart cities.” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 13,1 393-425. 27 Dec. 2012, doi:10.3390/s130100393

  • Amit Sarkar, T. Senthil Murugan,: Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks: What the literature says?, AEJ, Volume 55, Issue 4, 2016, pp. 3173-3183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.08.003.

  • Elkateeb, A. , ~et al.: Performance Evaluation of the WSN Routing Protocols Scalability, Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications, Voulme 2008, doi.org/10.1155/2008/481046.

  • Rostami, Ali Shokouhi, ~et al.: Survey on clustering in heterogeneous and homogeneous wireless sensor networks, The Journal of Supercomputing, 2018, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 277–323.

  • HU, ZHIHUA and Li, Baochun.: FUNDAMENTAL PERFORMANCE LIMITS OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS, Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks - AHSWN, 2004.

  • A. de la Piedra, ~et al.: Wireless sensor networks for environmental research: A survey on limitations and challenges, Eurocon, Zagreb, IEEE, 2013, pp. 267-274.

  • Lucia Keleadile Ketshabetswe, ~et al.: Communication protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey and comparison, Heliyon, 2019, Vol. 5, No. 5.

  • Llobet, Eduard, Carlos-Mancilla ~et al.: Wireless Sensor Networks Formation: Approaches and Techniques, Journal of Sensors, Hindawi, Vol. 2016, No. 7.

  • Wang Z., ~et al.: Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey, Cloud Computing and Security, ICCCS 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, 2017, Vol. 10602, No. 3, pp.422--429.

  • A. Xenakis ~et al.: Topology control with coverage and lifetime optimization of wireless sensor networks with unequal energy distribution, Computers & Electrical Engineering, 2017,Vol. 64, pp. 182--199.

  • M. Li, Z. Li and A. V. Vasilakos.: A Survey on Topology Control in Wireless Sensor Networks: Taxonomy, Comparative Study, and Open Issues, Proceedings of the IEEE, 2013, Vol. 101, No. 12, pp. 2538-2557.

  • K. Ishibashi ~et al.: A Study of Network Stability on Wireless Sensor Networks, 9th International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies, Cambridge, 2015 IEEE, pp. 96-101.

  • M. A. M. Vieira, ~et al.: Survey on wireless sensor network devices, IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceeding, Lisbon, Portugal, 2003, Vol. 1, pp. 537-544.

  • Junaid Ahmed Khan ~et al.: Energy management in Wireless Sensor Networks: A survey, Computers & Electrical Engineering, Elsevier, 2015, Vol. 41, pp.159--176.

  • Abo-Zahhad, ~et al.: A Survey on Energy Consumption Models in Wireless Sensor Networks, Open Transactions on Wireless Sensor Network, Scientific Online, 2014, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 63-79.

  • A. Boonsongsrikul, ~et al.: Effective energy consumption on wireless sensor networks: Survey and challenges, 36th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics, Opatija, 2013, Vol. 6 pp. 469-473.

  • Li, J., ~et al.: Connectivity, Coverage and Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks, Sensors 2009, 9, 7664-7693.

  • A. Tsertou ~et al.: Revisiting the Hidden Terminal Problem in a CSMA/CA Wireless Network, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2008, Vol. 7, No. 7, pp. 817-831.

  • Wei Ye ~et al.: An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks, Proceedings IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, Proceedings, Vol. 3, pp. 1567-1576, 2002.

  • Poonam T. Agarkar, ~et al.: A Comprehensive Survey on Routing Schemes and Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA), Vol. 7. No. 6, pp. 193-207, 2020.

  • V. L. Quintero, ~et al.: Improvements of Energy-Efficient Techniques in WSNs: A MAC-Protocol Approach, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 1188-1208, 2019.

  • Lee, Young-keun ~et al.: A Study of Vulnerabilities of Wireless Sensor Network, Int. J. Sen. Netw., Inderscience Publishers, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 23–31, 2014.

  • Vivek Parashar, ~et al.: Energy Aware Communication in Wireless Sensor Network: A Survey, Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 29 pp.512-523, 2020.

  • Y. Touati, ~et al.: Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks, ISTE Press, Elsevier, pp.1--8, 2017.

  • Amitabha Ghosh and Sajal K. Das.: Coverage and connectivity issues in wireless sensor networks: A survey, Pervasive and Mobile Computing,Vol. 4, No. 3, pp.303--334, 2008.

  • Fangxin Chen, ~et al.: A Survey on Energy Management in the Wireless Sensor Networks, IERI Procedia, Elsevier, Vol. 3, pp.60--66, 2012.

  • Kansal, Aman ~et al.: Power Management in Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks, ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst., Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 32-es, 2005.

  • S. Sudevalayam and P. Kulkarni.: Energy Harvesting Sensor Nodes: Survey and Implications, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 443-461, 2011.

  • Summerer L, Purcell O: Concepts for wireless energy transmission via laser, Europeans Space Agency (ESA)-Advanced Concepts Team, 2009.

  • Smartdust project.: Uc berkeley smartdust project.,1998, http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/pister/smartdust.

  • Jawad Ali Syed and Partha Roy.: Energy Saving Methods in Wireless Sensor Networks, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2008.

  • R. Nithya and N. Mahendran.: A SURVEY: Duty cycle based routing and scheduling in wireless sensor network, ICECS, Coimbatore, Vol. 101, No. 12, pp. 813-817, 2015.

  • Giuseppe Anastasi, ~et al.: Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey, Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 537 - 568, 2009.

  • Geetika Dhand and S.S. Tyagi.: Data Aggregation Techniques in WSN:Survey, ICCC-2016, Procedia Computer Science, 2016, Vol. 92 pp. 378 - 384, 2016.

  • Z. Zhang, A. Mehmood, L. Shu, Z. Huo, Y. Zhang and M. Mukherjee, "A Survey on Fault Diagnosis in Wireless Sensor Networks," in IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 11349-11364, 2018.

  • Tan L., Li J.: A Residual Energy-Based MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, Advanced Web and Network Technologies, and Applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Vol. 3842, 2006.

  • H. Zhang and J.C. Hou.: Maintaining sensing coverage and connectivity in large sensor networks, Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp.89-124, 2005.

  • D.D. Geeta, ~et al.: Fault tolerance in wireless sensor network using hand-off and dynamic power adjustment approach, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 1174 - 1185, 2013.

  • Samira Chouikhi, ~et al.: A survey on fault tolerance in small and large scale wireless sensor networks, Computer Communications, Vol. 69, pp. 22-37, 2015.

  • S.D. Indu.: Wireless sensor networks: issues & challenges, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol. 3 No. 6, pp.681-685, 2014.

  • Kumar, S.A.P., ~et al.: Intelligent Vehicle Parking System (IVPS) Using Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Personal Communication, 2021.

  • M. Z. Khan, ~et al.: Limitations of Simulation Tools for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Biopolis, Singapore, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 820-825, 2011.

  • Almeida, J., ~et al.: A Survey on Fault Tolerance Techniques for Wireless Vehicular Networks, Electronics, MDPI, Vol. 8, PP. 1358, 2019.

  • Zahid Muhammad ~et al.: Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for an Energy Efficient Internet of Things based on Wireless Sensor Network, IETE Technical Review, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 34, PP. 39-51, 2017.

  • Rajarshi Middya ~et al.: Compressive Sensing in Wireless Sensor Networks – a Survey, IETE Technical Review, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 34, No. 6, PP. 642-654, 2012.


Abstract Views: 362

PDF Views: 3




  • Analysis of Energy, Coverage, and Fault Issues and their Impacts on Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Concise Survey

Abstract Views: 362  |  PDF Views: 3

Authors

Sandeep Sahu
Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Sanjay Silakari
Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract


Energy-efficiency, Coverage-quality, and Fault-tolerance Issues (ECFI) are the three primary and crucial quality assurance standards in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). These three standards ensure the network design of a self-configurable and sustainable WSN. First, energy-efficiency mechanisms ensure the prolonging of the overall network lifetime. Second, the coverage quality means how well a region of interest (RoI) is covered. Third, fault-tolerance refers to the ability of a network to continue operating without interruption when one or more components fail. With rapid innovations and developments in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications, many researchers' most sustainable objective is to provide an adeptly operational sensor network. A broad range of applications of WSNs can be seen in the fields of academic, military, industry, medical, and daily needs worldwide. This analysis and survey article's main objective is to highlight different promising challenges on various fundamental characteristics, designing limitations, and their impacts on applications of WSNs. The authors also highlight the energy depletion and energy-provision issues with a concise survey of coverage and fault-related issues in WSNs. The authors finally summarized with discussion and analysis of the overall impacts of ECFI and other parameters on WSNs with simulator availability and future research direction.

Keywords


Wireless Sensor Networks, Design-Limitations, Applications, Energy-Efficiency, Coverage-Quality, Fault-Tolerance, Future Remarks.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.22247/ijcna%2F2021%2F209702