Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Variation in the Composition of the Essential Oils, Hypericin and Mineral Elements in Aerial Parts, Stem and Flower of Hypericum capitatum (CHOISY) Growing in Turkey with Oxidative DNA Damage Protective Activity


Affiliations
1 Department of Food Engineering, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000, Kilis, Turkey
2 Department of Biology, University of Kilis 7 Aralik, 79000, Kilis, Turkey
3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Kilis 7 Aralık, 79000, Kilis, Turkey
4 Department of Soil Science, University of Ordu, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
5 Department of Field Crops, University of Uludag, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
6 Department of Chemistry, University of Cankiri Karatekin, 18100, Cankiri, Turkey
 

Background and Purpose: Hypericum species (Guttiferae) are of important for developing pharmaceutical drugs as herbal remedies, due to fact that their rich phytochemical compounds, besides, wide range of biological properties. Among the species, Hypericum capitatum CHOISY var. capitatum CHOISY, an endemic medicinal plant, naturally distributes in the Southeastern region of Turkey. Thus, we aimed to carry out a comprehensive investigation on determining phytochemical content, as well as determining essential oil composition and mineral concentration of the aerial parts, stem and flowers of the plant. Moreover, potential DNA protective capacity of the extracts from the plant was evaluated in the presented research. Material and Methods: Quantification of hypericin content in methanol extracts was measured by spectrophotometric method and the content of hypericin (%) calculated. Essential oil composition of the parts of the plant was performed using GC-FID and GC-MS, and concentration of major and trace elements determined by ICP-OES. DNA protective activity of the water and ethanol extracts from stem, leaves and flowers of the plant were assigned using pBR322 plasmid DNA in the presence of UV/H2O2. Results: Chromatographic analysis results were showed that nonane and α-pinene amounting to 90.72% were major components for stem, while, α-pinene, undecane and cis-ocimene by rate of 83.75% were major components for aerial parts of the plant, in addition, hypericin content in the flowers was found 0.029%. Regarding of mineral contents, concentration of sixteen mineral were determined for each parts, and most of the determined concentrations were found in accordance with tolerable limits of FAO/WHO for human consumption. As for DNA protection potential of the extracts of the plant, they exhibited powerful DNA protective potential even at the lowest concentration (25μg/ml). Conclusion: The results revealed that the plant has a substantial potential for developing novel drugs in pharmaceutical industry.

Keywords

Hypericum capitatum CHOISY var. Capitatum CHOISY, Hypericin, Essential Oil, DNA-Protective Activity, Mineral Content.
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Guedes AP, Franklin G, Fernandes-Ferreira M. Hypericum sp.: essential oil composition and biological activities. Phytochemistry reviews. 2012;11(1):127-52.

  • Boga M, Ertas A, Eroglu-Ozkan E, Kizil M, Ceken B, Topcu G. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and DNA protective effects of Hypericum capitatum var. capitatum extracts. South African Journal of Botany. 2016;104:249-57.

  • Baytop T. Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey (Past and Present). Istanbul, Nobel Tip Basimevi; 1999.

  • Van Wyk B-E, Wink M. Medicinal plants of the world: an illustrated scientific guide to important medicinal plants and their uses: Timber Press; 2004.

  • Upton R. St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum: Quality control, analytical and therapeutic monograph. Santa Cruz, CA: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia 32p En Hypericum_ perforatum, medicines, review, Guttiferae, chemical_analysis, laboratory_tests (EBBD, 190107948). 1997.

  • Morshedloo MR, Ebadi A, Maggi F, Fattahi R, Yazdani D, Jafari M. Chemical characterization of the essential oil compositions from Iranian populations of Hypericum perforatum L. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015;76:565-73.

  • Roth L. Hypericum-Hypericin· Botanik· Inhaltsstoffe· Wirkung. ecomed. Landsberg; 1990.

  • Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P. Hypericum perforatum. Fitoterapia. 1995;66(1):43-68.

  • Kitanov GM. Hypericin and pseudohypericin in some Hypericum species. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 2001;29(2):171-8.

  • Mat A. An overview on Hypericum species of Turkey. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 2013;5(3):38-46.

  • Kopleman SH, Augsburger LL, NguyenPho A, Zito WS, Muller FX. Selected physical and chemical properties of commercial Hypericum perforatum extracts relevant for formulated product quality and performance. The AAPS Journal. 2001;3(4):1-18.

  • Greeson JM, Sanford B, Monti DA. St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum): a review of the current pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical literature. Psychopharmacology. 2001;153(4):402-14.

  • Crockett SL. Essential oil and volatile components of the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae). Natural product communications. 2010;5(9):1493.

  • Łozak A, Sołtyk K, Ostapczuk P, Fijałek Z. Determination of selected trace elements in herbs and their infusions. Science of the Total Environment. 2002;289(1):33-40.

  • Ozkutlu F, Kara S, Sekeroglu N. Determination of mineral and trace elements in some spices cultivated in Turkey. Acta horticulturae. 2007;756:321.

  • Ozkutlu F, Sekeroglu N, Koca U, Yazici G. Selenium concentrations of selected medicinal and aromatic plants in Turkey. Natural product communications. 2011;6(10):1469-72.

  • Sekeroglu N, Ozkutlu F, Kara SM, Ozguven M. Determination of cadmium and selected micronutrients in commonly used and traded medicinal plants in Turkey. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2008;88(1):86-90.

  • Sekeroglu N, Ozkutlu F, Tuncturk M, editors. Selenium concentrations of some spices commonly used in Turkey. International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 1023; 2011.

  • Sekeroglu N, Meraler SA, Kulak M. Variation of mineral composition in different parts of mahaleb. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2012;24(12):5824.

  • Koca U, Sekeroglu N, Özkutlu F. Mineral composition of Arnebia densiflora (Nordm.) Ledeb. an endemic medicinal plant from Turkey. Biomed. 2009;4(1):51-6.

  • Tuncturk M, Tuncturk R, Sekeroglu N, Ertus MM, Ozgokce F. Lead concentrations of herbs used in Van Herby cheese. Natural product communications. 2011;6(10):1473-4.

  • Ayan AK, Çirak C. Hypericin and Pseudohypericin Contents in Some Hypericum. Species Growing in Turkey. Pharmaceutical biology. 2008;46(4):288-91.

  • Özkan EE, Özsoy N, Özhan G, Çelik BÖ, Mat A. Chemical composition and biological activities of Hypericum pamphylicum. Industrial crops and products. 2013(a);50:182-9.

  • Serbetci T. 2002. Evaluation of Hypericum scabrum L. in terms of bioactive components. Istanbul University, Health Institute (Master Thesis in Turkish).

  • Karakaş Ö, Özen HÇ, Onay A. Determination of Hypericin Content in Callus and Cell Suspension Cultures of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. Advances in Zoology and Botany. 2015;3(4):184-9.

  • Kaçar O, Göksu E, Azkan N. Effects of morphogenetic and diurnal variability on the hypericin content in St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). African Journal of Biotechnology. 2008;7(13).

  • DAC. 1986. Deutscher Arzneimittel-Codex 3. Erganzung (1991) Johanniskraut- HypericiHerba. J- 010. Frankfurt am Main: GoviVerlag.

  • Oktayoglu EE. 2004. Investigation of the amount of hypericin and biological activity of Hypericum montbretii Spach. Istanbul University, Health Institute (Master Thesis in Turkish).

  • Pluhar Z, Bernath J, Neumayer E, editors. Morphological, production biological and chemical diversity of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant 576; 2001.

  • Ayan AK, Cirak C, Kevseroglu K, Ozen T. Hypericin in some Hypericum species from Turkey. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 2004.

  • TUBIVES (Turkish Plants Data Service). 2017. http://www.tubives.com/.

  • NIST. 2004. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, NIST Special Publication, p. 260.

  • Attaguile G, Russo A, Campisi A, Savoca F, Acquaviva R, Ragusa N, et al. Antioxidant activity and protective effect on DNA cleavage of extracts from Cistus incanus L. and Cistus monspeliensis L. Cell biology and toxicology. 2000;16(2):83-90.

  • Russo A, Piovano M, Lombardo L, Garbarino J, Cardile V. Lichen metabolites prevent UV light and nitric oxidemediated plasmid DNA damage and induce apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Life sciences. 2008;83(13):468-74.

  • Bagci E, Yuce E. Constituents of the Essential Oils of Two Hypericum capitatum Choisy Varieties (var. capitatum and var. luteum Robson) from Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2011;14(1):106-13.

  • Kıyan HT, Demirci B, Başer KHC, Demirci F. The in vivo evaluation of anti-angiogenic effects of Hypericum essential oils using the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Pharmaceutical biology. 2014;52(1):44-50.

  • Özkan E, Demirci B, Gürer Ç, Kültür Ş, Mat A. Essential Oil Composition of Five Endemic Hypericum Species from Turkey. Med Aromat Plants. 2013(b);2(121):2167-0412.100012.

  • Sekeroglu N, Urlu E, Kulak M, Gezici S, Dang R. Variation in Total Polyphenolic Contents, DNA Protective Potential and Antioxidant Capacity from Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts in Different Plant Parts of Hypericum perforatum L. L. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2017;51(Suppl 2), S1-7.

  • FAO/WHO. 1984. Food and Agriculture Organization/ World Health Organization. Contaminants. In codex Alimentarius, Vol. XVII, Edition 1. Codex Alimentarius Commission, Rome.

  • Başgel S, Erdemoğlu S. Determination of mineral and trace elements in some medicinal herbs and their infusions consumed in Turkey. Science of the Total Environment. 2006;359(1):82-9.

  • Kabata-Pendias A, Mukherjee AB. Trace elements from soil to human: Springer Science & Business Media; 2007.

  • Akgunlu S, Sekeroglu N, Koca-Caliskan U, Ozkutlu F, Ozcelik B, Kulak M., Gezici, S. Research on selected wild edible vegetables: Mineral content and antimicrobial potentials. Annals of Phytomedicine-An International Journal. 2016;5(2): 50-57.

  • Kaya I, Incekara N. Contents of some wild plants species consumed as food in Aegean region. J Turkish Weed Sci. 2000;3:56-64.

  • Sekeroglu N, Ozkutlu F, Deveci M, Dede O, Yilmaz N. Evaluation of some wild plants aspect of their nutritional values used as vegetable in eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 2006.

  • Erdoğrul Ö, Tosyalı C, Erbilir F. Kahramanmaraş’ta yetişen bazı sebzelerde demir, bakır, mangan, kadmiyum ve nikel düzeyleri. KSÜ Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 2005;8(2):27.

  • Street R, Kulkarni M, Stirk W, Southway C, Van Staden J. Variation in heavy metals and microelements in South African medicinal plants obtained from street markets. Food Additives and Contaminants. 2008;25(8):953-60.

  • Işıloğlu M, Yılmaz F, Merdivan M. Concentrations of trace elements in wild edible mushrooms. Food Chemistry. 2001;73(2):169-75.

  • Organization WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants: World Health Organization; 1999.

  • Kabata-Pendias A. Trace elements in soils and plants: CRC press; 2010.

  • Bratakos MS, Lazos ES, Bratakos SM. Chromium content of selected Greek foods. Science of the Total Environment. 2002;290(1):47-58.

  • Singh NP, Tice RR, Stephens RE, Schneider EL. A microgel electrophoresis technique for the direct quantitation of DNA damage and repair in individual fibroblasts cultured on microscope slides. Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects. 1991;252(3):289-96.


Abstract Views: 458

PDF Views: 94




  • Variation in the Composition of the Essential Oils, Hypericin and Mineral Elements in Aerial Parts, Stem and Flower of Hypericum capitatum (CHOISY) Growing in Turkey with Oxidative DNA Damage Protective Activity

Abstract Views: 458  |  PDF Views: 94

Authors

Nazim Sekeroglu
Department of Food Engineering, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000, Kilis, Turkey
Muge Karaoglan
Department of Biology, University of Kilis 7 Aralik, 79000, Kilis, Turkey
Sevgi Gezici
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Kilis 7 Aralık, 79000, Kilis, Turkey
Muhittin Kulak
Department of Biology, University of Kilis 7 Aralik, 79000, Kilis, Turkey
Faruk Ozkutlu
Department of Soil Science, University of Ordu, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
Oya Kacar
Department of Field Crops, University of Uludag, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
Fatih Gul
Department of Chemistry, University of Cankiri Karatekin, 18100, Cankiri, Turkey

Abstract


Background and Purpose: Hypericum species (Guttiferae) are of important for developing pharmaceutical drugs as herbal remedies, due to fact that their rich phytochemical compounds, besides, wide range of biological properties. Among the species, Hypericum capitatum CHOISY var. capitatum CHOISY, an endemic medicinal plant, naturally distributes in the Southeastern region of Turkey. Thus, we aimed to carry out a comprehensive investigation on determining phytochemical content, as well as determining essential oil composition and mineral concentration of the aerial parts, stem and flowers of the plant. Moreover, potential DNA protective capacity of the extracts from the plant was evaluated in the presented research. Material and Methods: Quantification of hypericin content in methanol extracts was measured by spectrophotometric method and the content of hypericin (%) calculated. Essential oil composition of the parts of the plant was performed using GC-FID and GC-MS, and concentration of major and trace elements determined by ICP-OES. DNA protective activity of the water and ethanol extracts from stem, leaves and flowers of the plant were assigned using pBR322 plasmid DNA in the presence of UV/H2O2. Results: Chromatographic analysis results were showed that nonane and α-pinene amounting to 90.72% were major components for stem, while, α-pinene, undecane and cis-ocimene by rate of 83.75% were major components for aerial parts of the plant, in addition, hypericin content in the flowers was found 0.029%. Regarding of mineral contents, concentration of sixteen mineral were determined for each parts, and most of the determined concentrations were found in accordance with tolerable limits of FAO/WHO for human consumption. As for DNA protection potential of the extracts of the plant, they exhibited powerful DNA protective potential even at the lowest concentration (25μg/ml). Conclusion: The results revealed that the plant has a substantial potential for developing novel drugs in pharmaceutical industry.

Keywords


Hypericum capitatum CHOISY var. Capitatum CHOISY, Hypericin, Essential Oil, DNA-Protective Activity, Mineral Content.

References