Hemodynamics Influence on Endothelial Function

The growth of the blood vessels, smooth muscle tone in the blood vessels, activity of platelets, inflammation, fibrinolysis and coagulation pathway are regulated by factors released from endothelium.^1,2 Various factors can affect the endothelial function and promote atherosclerosis.^3,4 In humans endothelial function is influenced by haemodynamics. Vascular endothelial cells act as a signal transduction interface between haemodynamic forces and the vascular smooth muscle cells. Steady hemodynamic forces stimulate cellular responses that are essential for endothelial cell function and are atheroprotective. Mechanical forces influence the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Alterations in arterial structure are common in vascular diseases and are thought to occur primarily by vascular remodelling, in response to hemodynamic and vascular biomechanical stimuli.^5-7 Endothelial dysfunction correlates with disease progression.⁸ Failure of the endothelium to respond to therapies is associated with higher risk.⁹ The hemodynamic forces directly dictates the function, of the endothelial layer. In the past several years, experimental and clinical studies have provided new information about the mechanisms and clinical relevance of haemodynamics influence on endothelial function. This review is to summarize recent articles that have advanced in understanding the molecular basis of the hemodynamic influence on the endothelial function.