Correlation between Physical Factors (Shoulder Strength, Lumbar Core Stability and Back Extensor Muscles) and Throwing Distance of Dominant Hand in Normal, Untrained Individuals

Background: Ballistic action of throwing exerts eccentric load on the rotator cuff causing frequent micro trauma. Proper throwing mechanics and an appropriate training program, minimizes the stress on the glenohumeral joint maximizing performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of physical factors affecting effective and efficient throwing. This could help in both screening and further training the individual or directing more focus to the throwing technique.

Method: 80 subjects participated. Manual muscle testing was used to assess the shoulder muscles and back extensors while Modified isometric stability test was used for lumbar core muscles. Throw distance was measured in sitting to focus on the shoulder joint. Spearman's rank order correlation test was used for statistical data analysis.

Results: Infraspinatus, Pectoralis major, lumbar core and Back extensor muscles showed statistically significant values to throw distance measured. Supraspinatus, Subscapularis, Latissimus dorsi and Deltoid showed a positive correlation though not statistically significant.

Conclusion: All physical factors have a positive correlation to throw distance. Thus, training these can possibly improve a throw and help in injury prevention.