Faiz Mohsin , R. P. Singh , K. Singh

Abstract

Net primary productivity, concentration of N, P, K(% dry weight) standing state of N, P, K (kg ha^-1), uptake of N, P, K (kg ha^-1 y^-1) in different components of Populus deltoides at different ages as affected by different treatments were studied under agro-forestry systems involving P. deltoides with intercrop of aromatic crops at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Regional Centre, Pantnagar, Uttaranchal. NPP was found lowest in pure stands of P. deltoides than the intercropped stands. Among the intercropped stands it is found highest in M. arvensis and lowest in Cymbopogon winterianus. The concentration of N, P, K in different tree parts decreased with the increase in age of plantations. It remained at a lower level in pure stands in comparison to intercropped stands. Standing state of N, P, K (kg ha^-1) in different components of P. deltoides, increased with the increase in age of plantations. But, in uptake of N, P, K (kg ha^-1 yr^-1) in different components of P. deltoides, decreased as the tree goes towards maturity, but in foliage it is just reverse to the above fact.

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G. S. Rawat , N. B. Singh , R. K. Gupta , K. Singh , S. D. Sharma

Abstract

75 different clones of Populus deltoides were screened in nursery stage under Eastern Indo-Gangetic conditions for recommending suitable clones for large-scale plantation in different Agro-forestry systems. Four commercial clones namely G3, G48, D121 and Udai were treated as check and these were compared with the rest of the clones. Eleven best clones (D121, D124,82-26-5, 34-N, 40-N, 25-N, UD-36, UD-5502, 90-12, UD-6502 and UD-4707) are earmarked on the basis of independent culling methods of selection. Another set of 12 clones were closely followed to the first set of 11 best clones are also graded as potential clones. The field trials of promising clones have already been undertaken for selecting the site matched clones for commercial culture of Poplar in Eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh.

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N. B. Singh , Dinesh Kumar , G. S. Rawat , R. K. Gupta , K. Singh , S. S. Negi

Abstract

Clonal performance of the 50 promising clones of Populus deltoides, developed within and outside the country, has been statistically analysed at one third of the commercial rotation for six growth parameters viz. survival percentage, plant height, diameter, crown diameter, number of branches and volume. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, broad sense heritability on individual plant basis, clone means basis and genetic gains have been worked out for all six growth parameters. Higher heritability was observed in diameter than plant height. Maximum heritability was well as genetic gain were obtained in volume. 30.28% expected genetic gain is achieved from selecting the 10% of 50 clones, i.e. 5 best clones namely 40-N, UDH-9116, 25-N, 63-N and UDH-1002.

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Falz Mohsin , R. P. Singh , S. S. Jattan , K. Singh

Abstract

Radial and vertical distribution of ischolar_main biomass (gm) of Eucalyptus hybrid trees at early (2 and 3 yrs) and advanced age (6 and 7 yrs) were studied. The total ischolar_main biomass decreased continuously with increasing radial distances from the tree base of all the soil depths. At early ages, the ischolar_mains of the trees were mostly concentrated near the base of the trees but in later ages the ischolar_main system tended to proliferate uniformly around the trees, The total ischolar_main biomass decreased continuously with increasing soil depth at all the radial distances and under all the age groups. At the age of 2 and 3 years the total biomass of medium (0.5 - 1.5 cm dia.) ischolar_mains was higher than other ischolar_main grades. But at the age of 6 and 7 years the total biomass of thick ischolar_mains was much higher than other ischolar_main grades.

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Sukhmal Chand , B. R. Rajeswara Rao , P. N. Kaul , A. K. Bhattacharya , K. Singh , C. P. Singh

Abstract

Two field experiments were conducted during the vegetation periods of 1990-92 under the semiarid tropicai climatic conditions at CIMAP Field Station, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh to study the effects of the height of harvesting and inter cropping lemongrass in lemon-scented gum. Lemonscented gum produced highest biomass and essential oil yields, gross and net profits when pollarded at 1.0 m height than when coppiced at 0.15 m height or pollarded at 1.5 m height. Two rows of lemongrass when intercropped in lemon-scented gum produced bonus yield of lemongrass oil without adversely affecting the biomass and essential oil yields of lemon-scented gum. This agroforestry system gave gross and net profit ofRs. 79,933 and Rs. 53,067 per heetare, respectively. Freshly distilled oil was of good quality with 79.7% ei tronellal, 4.7% isoJ1ulegol, 5.4% eitronellol, bu t on storage the oil quality deteriorated with 50.4% citronellal, 14.3% isopulegol and 17.3% eitronellol, therefore the oil should be disposed off quickly.

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K. Singh , J. S. P. Yadav

Abstract

Performance of Pongamia pinnata was evaluated under pot culture conditions at artificially created varying salinity (ECe) levels of 0.7, 4.2, 8.1, 16.3 and 32.5 dS m^-1 and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) levels of 1.1,15.2,30.6,61.4 and 88.7 in an alluvial silty clay loam soil (Fine-loamy mixed hyperthermic Typic Ustochrept) by addition of different salts. Pongamia pinnata failed to grow at a level of ECe 32.5 dS m^-1 and ESP at and above 30.6. Height, girth, fresh weight and dry weight of upischolar_mained plants at the time of termination of experiment were found to have decreased with increase in ECe or ESP. Uptake of Na⁺ by plants increased progressively with increase in ECe or ESP levels, while the uptake of Ca⁺⁺ decreased and Mg⁺ and K⁺ did not exhibit any definite relationship with increase in salinity or sodicity conditions. The values ofNaIK, Na/Ca and Na/Mg ratios in plants increased with increase in Ece or ESP. Relatively lower uptake of Ca⁺⁺ due to high concentration of exchangeable Na⁺ appeared to increase the adverse effect of sodium on plant growth in saline and sodic soils.

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Faiz Mohsin , R. P. Singh , K. Singh

Abstract

Populus deltoides trees grown in stands treated with various Mentha and Cymbopogon'spp. attained better growth than their pure stands at juvenile (2 and 3 years) and advanced (6 and 7 years) ages. Bolewood provided maximum contributed among all the components in pure as well as intercropped stands at all the age group of trees. It was further revealed that the total biomass was highest in the plantation of P. deltoides of all the ages intercropped with Mentha spp. It decreased in Cymbopogon spp. but still remained higher than that of pure stands which showed lowest biomass production.

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Faiz Morsin , K. Singh , R. P. Singh

Abstract

The annual litter production increased with increasing age of the Eucalyptus plantations both in the pure and intercropped stands with Mentha and Cymbopogon spp. An increase in litter production was recorded in all the intercropped in comparison to pure stands at all the ages. Higher concentration ofN, P and K was observed in the litter of the intercropped stands which decreased with increasing ages of the stands. Nutrient concentration in green foliage, decreased with increasing ages of the stands. It was higher in the stands intercropped with Mentha and Cymbopogon spp. Than the pure stands. Magnitude of retranslocation (%) in pure as well as intercropped plantation, increased with increasing ages of the stands.

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Faiz Mohsin , R. P. Singh , K. Singh

Abstract

The annual litter production increased with increasing age of the Eucalyptus plantations both in the pure and intercropped stands with Mentha and Cymbopogon spp. An increase in litter production was recorded in all the intercropped in comparison to pure stands at all the ages. Higher concentration of N, P and K was observed in the litter of the intercropped stands which decreased with increasing ages of the stands. The total addition of nutrients through litterfall to the soil was higher in the intercropped than the pure stands. The N, P and K contents of the soil under the pure stands was higher than those of inter cropped stands. Maximum amount of N and K was found in the superficial layer of the soil which decreased with increasing depth. Most of the Phosphorus was accumulated in the soil at the depth of 15-30 cm in all the stands. The available N, P and K in the soil increased with increasing age of the stands.

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Faiz Mohsin , R. P. Singh , K. Singh

Abstract

Populus deltoides trees grown in stands treated with various Mint and Cymbopogon spp. attained better height and dbh than their sole stands at their early (2 and 3 years) and advanced (6 and 7 years) ages. The contribution of various components viz., bole branches, foliage and bark to the above ground biomass varied in the sole and treated stands. At all the ages the contribution of bolewood remained highest followed by branches, foliage and bark both in the sole and treated stands. Bolewood contribution was maximum in the sole in comparison to treated stands, whereas contribution of branches, foliage and bark remained highest in the stands treated with M. arvensis and lowest in sole stands. The respective values for other treated stands remained in between the sole and M. arvensis treated stands at all the ages.

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K. Singh , J. S. P. Yadav , S. K. Sharma

Abstract

Performance of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) was studied in salt affected soils of Vrijbhumi Forest Division (U.P.) to evaluate its tolerance limit to varying salinity and sodicity conditions. Shisham of site quality class III to IV was found to occur in normal loamy soils (Fluventic and Aquic ustochrepts), whereas poor growth of quality class V was found in moderately saline soils (Loamy Typic Camborthids and Aeric Halaquepts) having values of ECe below 18.5 dS m^-1 and pH below 8 8 in the ischolar_main zone and quality class VI in sodic soils (Loamy Natric Paleorthids) having values of ESP above 30 and pH above 9.0. Higher concentration of neutral salts in top 12 or 17 cm soil did not adversely affect the growth of plants.

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K. Singh , J. S. P. Vadav

Abstract

performance Of Eucalyptus hybrid was evaluated under pot culture condition at artifically created varying salinity (Ecs) levels of 0.7, 4.2, 8.1, 16.3 and 22.5 m. mhos/cm and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) levels of 1.1, 15.2, 30.6. 61.1 and 88.7 in an alluvial satly clay laom soil by addition of different salts. Results revealed that Eucalyptus hybrid failed to grow above Ecs 16.3 m.mhos/cm and ESP 30.6. Height girth, fresh weight and dry weight of upgreded plants at the time of tremination of experiment were found to decrease with increase in Ecs or ESP. Update of Na⁺ by plants increased with increase in Ecs or ESP levels, while the uptake of Ca⁺ decreased and Mg++ and K⁺ did not exhibit any definite relationship with increase in salinity or acidity conditions. The values of Na/K, Na/ Ca and Na/ Mg ratios in the plant increased with increase in Ecs or ESP. Relatively lower uptake of Ca⁺⁺ appeared to increase the adverse effect of sodium salts and sodic . Since the present experiments were conducted under pot culture conditions, further systematic fields studies are suggested to confirm these observations.

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K. Singh , S. K. Sharma , R. M. Singhal , J. S. Samra , S. D. Sharma

Abstract

A soils investigation was conducted in April. 1979 in some salt-affected and normal soils of South Kheri Forest division (U.P.) in order to compare (I) saline-sodie soils where all forest species have failed to grow, (ii) sodie soils having fair growth of some tolerant forest species, and (iii) Normal soils having good stand of natural sal forest. These soils vary widely in several morphological. Physical and chemical characteristics and accordingly, the forest species have shown varying growth response. In general, all forest species have failed to grow on CO₃-CI type saline-sodic soils which are compact and indurated with cemented bed of CaCO₃ (kankar) nodules mixed in clay pan, have drainage donditions very poor, pH>9.5, ESP>40 and EC> 4 m mhos/cm. Few lines on reclamation of these soils have also been suggested. Tendu (Diospyros tomentosa). Dhak (Butea monosperma) Mahus (Madlmca indica). Dudhi (Wrightia tomentosa). Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and Rohini (Mallotus philippinensis) are able to grow on CI-HCO₃ type sodic soils having a maximum pH value 8.0. EC of saturation extract 4 m mhos/cm at 25°C and ESP 10 in top one metre deep soil but in subsoil tolerance of plants may go upto the values of pH 9.3, ESP 40 and EC 4. A good growth of sal (Shorea robbusta) is obtained in well drained nonsaline-nonsodic soils.

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J. S. P. Yadav , K. Singh

Abstract

The results of a soil investigation conducted in February 1967 in some widely distributed saline alkali soils of Vrijbhumi Afforestation Division of Uttar Pradesh to determine the range of tolerance of some important forest species for salinity and alkali status have been reported in this paper. These soils vary widely in several morphological, physical and chemical characteristics and accordingly, the forest species have shown varying growth response. In general, all planted species have failed to grow on the soils which are compact and indurated with a cemented bed of Kankar nodules, are highly calcareous and have pH >10 and soluble salts >3.42% and >1.14% in the top soil and sub-soil respectively. P. juliflora is able to grow on the calcareous soils which have on the average a maximum pH value of 9.5 and soluble salt content of 0.54%, though a soil having pH up to 10 and soluble salts up to 1% with compact sub-soil can also be tolerated. A. arabica thrives satisfactorily on the sa1ine alkali soils which have pH value below 9 and soluble salt content below 0.3%. Azadirachta indica, Butea monosperma, Dalbergia sissoo, Pongamia pinnata and Terminalia arjuna have grown on the moderately calcareous soils which are generally non-saline and non-alkali in the top 60 cm depth but have pH up to 9.8 and soluble salts up to 0.45% in the sub-soil. Out of the species studied, Albi ia lebbek and Ailanthus excelsa appear to be the least tolerant to salinity and alkali status and require comparatively better structured soil. Further, the growth of P. juliflora brings about some improvement in the fertility status and reduction in the salinity and alkali level of the surface layer only. The trenchridge method is effective in lowering the salt concentration of the soil in the ridge by leaching. Although the technique of filling the planting pit with good imported soil helps in establishment of the planted species, it entails the possible danger of subsequent alkali development due to salt diffusion from the surrounding soil. In view of the varying degree of tolerance shown by different forest species and also wide variations encountered in the soil conditions, the paramount importance of a judicious selection of forest species according to the salinity and alkali status and morphological features of the soil is quite obvious, before any afforestation programme of saline alkali soils is undertaken.

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