Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Modification of the Vancouver Scar Scale (Vss) Score for Scarring Assessment Using Rattus Novergicus Abnormal Scar Model


Affiliations
1 Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145,, Indonesia
2 Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
3 Clinical Pathology Departement, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145,, Indonesia
4 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, State Islamic University of Malang, Malang 65144, Indonesia
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The abnormal scar is a unique fibrosis disease because it only occurs in humans (Homo sapiens). Researchers now challenge no other animal species, including primates, are found to naturally form scar7, whereas animal models are essential references for human treatment modalities. This study aimed to determine the Modified Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score with the addition of collagen density parameters used to assess the scar in experimental animals quantitatively and generates a better assessment of the scar. The cross-sectional analytical survey method was adopted. The experimental animal was Rattus novergicus. The Modified VSS score was applied to assess the normal and abnormal scar data. The Likert categorization guidelines were used to obtain the VSS Score modification score. The collagen density and VSS had a significantly different based on T-test (p <0.05). The differences were also shown by the control and treatment groups. On the correlation analysis, there were the positive coefficient (0.722). The result can be described that the collagen density increases, when the VSS score is high. It also showed the differences based on the score (p <0.05). The Modified VSS score calculation's final results are classified into three groups namely Good (ranged from 0 to 1); Medium (ranged from 2 to 4); and Adverse (ranged from 5 to 6). The Modified VSS score is possibly to be used for the scar assessment to the Rattus novergicus abnormal scar model.


Keywords

Abnormal scar, Collagen density, Rattus novergicus, VSS score.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Koppenol DC, Vermolen FJ, Niessen FB, van Zuijlen PPM, Vuik K. A mathematical model for the simulation of the formation and the subsequent regression of hypertrophic scar tissue after dermal wounding. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology. 2017;16(1):15-32.

  • Zhou S, Wang W, Zhou S, Zhang G, He J, Li Q. A Novel Model for Cutaneous Wound Healing and Scarring in the Rat. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. 2019;143(2):468-477.

  • van den Broek LJ, Limandjaja GC, Niessen FB, Gibbs S. Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective. Experimental Dermatology. 2014;23(6):382-386.

  • Sudheer CP, Anoop M, Rao GVS, Laxman B. Treatment of postaural keloid--a case report. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2013;2:8980.

  • Nangole FW, Agak GW. Keloid pathophysiology: fibroblast or inflammatory disorders?. JPRAS Open. 2019; 22: 44-54.

  • Nicholas RS, Falvey H, Lemonas P, et al. Patient-related keloid scar assessment and outcome measures. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. 2012;129(3):648-656.

  • Kumano K, Nishinakamura H, Mera T, et al. Pretreatment of donor islets with papain improves allograft survival without systemic immunosuppression in mice. Islets. 2016;8(5):145-155.

  • Ogawa R, Chin MS. Animal models of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Journal of burn care & research. 2008;29(6):1016-1017.

  • Nauta AC, Grova M, Montoro DT, et al. Evidence that mast cells are not required for healing of splinted cutaneous excisional wounds in mice. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59167.

  • Demidova-Rice TN, Hamblin MR, Herman IM. Acute and impaired wound healing: pathophysiology and current methods for drug delivery, part 1: normal and chronic wounds: biology, causes, and approaches to care. Advances Skin & Wound Care. 2012;25(7):304-314.

  • Maier D, Cheng S, Faubert D, Hipfner DR. A broadly conserved g-protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation mechanism controls Drosophila smoothened activity. PLoS Genetics. 2014;10(7):e1004399.

  • van de Kar AL, Corion LUM, Smeulders MJC, Draaijers LJ, van der Horst CMAM, van Zuijlen PPM. Reliable and feasible evaluation of linear scars by the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. 2005;116(2):514-522.

  • Perdanakusuma DS. The Effect Of Melanin Concentration On Collagen Accumulation In Keloid. Folia Medica Indonesiana. 2006; 42 (4): 218 - 227.

  • Fauzan, Herman, Josef. Effect of Papain Enzymes on the Density and Amount of Collagen in Scar Tissue in rats. IOSR Journal of Dental Medical Sciences. 2018;17(12).

  • Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research? Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2013;35(2):121-126.

  • Fearmonti R, Bond J, Erdmann D, Levinson H. A review of scar scales and scar measuring devices. Eplasty. 2010;10:e43.

  • Seo BF, Lee JY, Jung SN. Models of abnormal scarring. Biomed Research International. 2013;2013.

  • Neharkar VS, Gaikwad KG. Hepatoprotective activity of Cassia alata(Linn.) leaves against paracetamol-induced hepatic injury in rats. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemichal Sciences. 2011;2(1):783-788.

  • Sahu SK, Das D, Tripathy NK. Hepatoprotective activity of aerial part of Glinus oppositifolius L . against Paracetamol-induced Hepatic Injury in Rats. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2012;2(4):154-156.

  • Hamdan M, Noorhamdani AS, Rahayu M, Machfoed MH. Influence of ginkgo biloba (Egb) extracts in apoptosis index and number of neurons at Rattus novergicus with lead (pb) exposure. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2019;12(12):5883-5887.

  • Umikalsum, Khotimah H, Riawan W, Trisnaini HA, Zubaidah E. Sugar palm fruit (Arenga pinnata) diminish pain and inflammatory symptoms of osteoarthritis in male wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018;11(9):3745-3751.

  • Irianti E, Ilyas S, Hutahaen S, Rosidah. The role of EVOO (extra virgin olive oil) in serum MDA concentration and blood pressure of pregnant mice (Rattus norvegicus) with pre-eclampsia. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018;11(3):1053-1057.

  • Ramesh Y, Raghu murthy V, Nagarjuna S, Reddy Viswanatha M, Sudheer M, Manikanta M. Development and in vitro evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of imipramine. International Journal of Research Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011;2(3):344-347.

  • Masih F, Gautam RK. Inhibition of Phosphatases in the Digestive Tract of Albino Rats (Rattus-rattus albino). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2010;2(3):57-59.

  • Ramya R, Sivasakthi R, Senthilkumar C, Anudeepa J, Santhi N, Narayanan R V. Preliminary phytochemical and antifertility studies on Dodonea viscosa Linn. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011;1(3):77-79.

  • Shah S, Patel K, Pathan M. Evaluation of the Effect of Piperine on Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Macrolides in Rats. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018;8(2):61.

  • Sudhakar P, Suganeswari M, Pushkalai PS, Haripriya S. Regulation of Estrous cycle using Combination of Gymnema sylvestre and Pergularia daemia in Estradiol Valerate induced PCOS rats . Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018;8(1):4.

  • Rao U, Babujanarthanam R, Arirudran B. Clinical Evaluation to Assess the Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Avocado Fruit on Diabetic Dyslipidemia Studied in STZ-Induced Experimental Albino Rats. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2011;4(7):1131-1136.

  • Pasparakis M, Haase I, Nestle FO. Mechanisms regulating skin immunity and inflammation. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2014;14(5):289-301.

  • Zomer HD, Trentin AG. Skin wound healing in humans and mice: Challenges in translational research. Journal of Dermatological Sciences. 2018;90(1):3-12.

  • New LA, Martin CE, Scott RP, et al. Nephrin Tyrosine Phosphorylation Is Required to Stabilize and Restore Podocyte Foot Process Architecture. Journal of American Society of Nephrology. 2016;27(8):2422-2435.

  • Choi YH, Kim KM, Kim HO, Jang YC, Kwak IS. Clinical and histological correlation in post-Burn hypertrophic scar for pain and itching sensation. Annals of Dermatology. 2013;25(4):428-433.

  • Krzych LJ, Lach M, Joniec M, Cisowski M, Bochenek A. The Likert scale is a powerful tool for quality of life assessment among patients after minimally invasive coronary surgery. Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2018;15(2):130-134.

  • Thompson CM, Sood RF, Honari S, Carrougher GJ, Gibran NS. What score on the Vancouver Scar Scale constitutes a hypertrophic scar? Results from a survey of North American burn-care providers. Burns. 2015;41(7):1442-1448.

  • Li K, Nicoli F, Cui C, et al. Treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids using an intralesional 1470 nm bare-fibre diode laser: a novel efficient minimally-invasive technique. Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):1-11.

  • Gauglitz GG, Korting HC, Pavicic T, Ruzicka T, Jeschke MG. Hypertrophic scarring and keloids: Pathomechanisms and current and emerging treatment strategies. Molecular Medicine. 2011;17(1-2):113-125.


Abstract Views: 87

PDF Views: 0




  • Modification of the Vancouver Scar Scale (Vss) Score for Scarring Assessment Using Rattus Novergicus Abnormal Scar Model

Abstract Views: 87  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Herman Y. L. Wihastyoko
Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145,, Indonesia
Setyawati Soeharto
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Edi Widjajanto
Clinical Pathology Departement, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145,, Indonesia
Kusworini Handono
Clinical Pathology Departement, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145,, Indonesia
Bambang Pardjianto
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, State Islamic University of Malang, Malang 65144, Indonesia

Abstract


The abnormal scar is a unique fibrosis disease because it only occurs in humans (Homo sapiens). Researchers now challenge no other animal species, including primates, are found to naturally form scar7, whereas animal models are essential references for human treatment modalities. This study aimed to determine the Modified Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score with the addition of collagen density parameters used to assess the scar in experimental animals quantitatively and generates a better assessment of the scar. The cross-sectional analytical survey method was adopted. The experimental animal was Rattus novergicus. The Modified VSS score was applied to assess the normal and abnormal scar data. The Likert categorization guidelines were used to obtain the VSS Score modification score. The collagen density and VSS had a significantly different based on T-test (p <0.05). The differences were also shown by the control and treatment groups. On the correlation analysis, there were the positive coefficient (0.722). The result can be described that the collagen density increases, when the VSS score is high. It also showed the differences based on the score (p <0.05). The Modified VSS score calculation's final results are classified into three groups namely Good (ranged from 0 to 1); Medium (ranged from 2 to 4); and Adverse (ranged from 5 to 6). The Modified VSS score is possibly to be used for the scar assessment to the Rattus novergicus abnormal scar model.


Keywords


Abnormal scar, Collagen density, Rattus novergicus, VSS score.

References