Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Predictors of Work-life Balance in Select Nongovernment Organizations in Ethiopia


Affiliations
1 Head, School of Commerce, College of Business and Economics, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
2 HR Coordinator of FH Ethiopia, Ethiopia
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


This paper investigates factors that predict the work-life balance of employees in NGOs in Ethiopia using quantitative research approach and explanatory research design. Data was collected from 163 managerial and professional employees using a structured questionnaire and responses were analyzed. Results revealed low levels of perceived Work Overload, Family Role Overload, and Work-family Balance and moderate levels of perceived Work-life Balance Policies, and high levels of perceived Workplace Support. Work Overload, Family Role Overload, Social Support, and Work-life Balance Policies predicted the Work-life Balance. To improve the situation, in addition to the existing work-life balance policies, the management should introduce need-based family friendly workplace policies such as f l exi bl e work i ng arrangement s, leave arrangements and child care benefits.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Allen, T. D. (2013). “The Work-family Role Interface: A Synthesis of the Research from Industrial and Organizational Psychology”, in N. W. Schmitt, S. Highhouse & I. B.Weiner (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology: Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Bahiru, B. & Mengistu, A. B., (2018), “The Challenges of Women Leaders of Business Organizations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in Balancing Work-Family Responsibilities”, Journal of International Women’s Studies.19 (2): 140-58.
  • Bird, J. (2003) “Work Life Balance Defined, www.worklifebalance.com/work-life-bala nce-defined.html, accessed September 2019.
  • Boxall, P. & Mackey, K. (2014), “High-involvement Work Process, Work Intensification and Employee Well-being”, Work, Employment and Society, 28(6):963-84.
  • Boyar, S. & Mosley, Jr. D. (2007), “The Relationship between Core Self-evaluation and Work and Family Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Work-family Conflict and Facilitation”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71(6): 265-81
  • Boyar, S., Maertz, C.P., Pearson, A.W. & Keough, S. (2003), “Work-family Conflict: A Model of Linkages Between Work and Family Domain Variables and Turnover Intentions”, Journal of Managerial Issues, XV (2): 175-90
  • Clark, S.C. (2000), “Work/Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work/Life Balance”, Human Relations 53 (6): 747-70.
  • Duxbury, L.& Higgins, C. (2003), Work-life Conflict in Canada in the New Millennium: A Status Report, Ottawa: Health Canada.
  • Duxbury, L. & Halinski, M. (2014), “When More Is Less: An Examination of the Relationship Between Hours in Telework and Role Overload”, Work, 48 (1): 91-103.
  • Elloy, D. F. & Smith, C.R. (2003), “Patterns of Stress, Work-family Conflict, Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity and Overload among Dua l Ear ner Co u pl es: An Au st ral ian Study”, Cross Cultural Management, 10 (6): 55-66
  • Gareis, K., Barnett, R., Ertel, K. & Berkman, L. (2009), “Work-family Enrichment and Conflict: Additive Effects, Buffering, or Balance”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 71(3): 697-707.
  • Greenhaus, J.H. & Beutell, N.J. (1985), “Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles”. Academy of Management Review, 10 (1): 76-88.
  • Greenhaus, J.H. & Powell, G.N. (2006), “When Work and Family Are Allies: A Theory of Work-Family Enrichment”, The Academy of Man Marital Statement Review, 31(1): 7292.
  • Guest, D. (2002), “Perspectives on the Study of Work-life Balance”, Social Science Information 41(2): 255-79 Gupta, R. K. (2006), NGO’s and the State, Mahaveer & Sons, New Delhi,
  • Hassan, N. M. (2016), “Work-life Balance: A Concern on Effectiveness of Job Role and Employee’s Engagement towards Organizational Goal,” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,6 (10): 411-22
  • Haar, J.M., S une, A., Russo, M. & OllierMalaterre, A. (2019), “A Cross-National Study on the Antecedents of Work–Life Balance from the Fit and Balance Perspective”, Social Indicator Research, 142 (9):142-26
  • Hammer, L.B., Kossek, E.E., Yragui, N.L., Bodner, T.E. & Hanson, G.C. (2009), “Development and Validation of Multidimensional Measure of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB)”, Journal of Management, 35 (4): 837-56.
  • Harshada, M. (2014), “An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting Work Life Balance among Information Technology Employees in Mumbai”, Abhinav National Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Commerce & Management, 3(11): 1-7
  • Hayman, J. R., (2009), “Flexible Work Arrangements: Exploring the Linkages Between Perceived Usability of Flexible Work Schedules and Work/life Balance”, Community, Work and Family, 12 (3): 327-38.
  • Heymann, S. J., Earle, A.& Hayes, J. (2007), “The Work, Family and Equity Index: How Does the United States Measure Up”? Retrieved from The Project on Global Wording Families, Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University.
  • Hobfoll, S. (1989), “Conservation of Resources: A New Attempt to Conceptualizing Stress” American Psychologist, 44 (3): 513-24.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001), “The Influence of Culture, Community, and the Nested Self in the Stress Process: Advancing Conservation of Resources Theory”, Applied Psychology, An International Review, 50 (3): 337-70
  • Kalliath, T. & Brough, P. (2008), “Work–life Balance: A Review of the Meaning of the Balance Construct”, Journal of Management & Organization, 14 (4):323-27
  • Kinnunen, U., Mauno, S., Geurts, S. & Dikkers, J. (2005), “Work-family Culture in Organizations: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches”, in S.A.Y Polemans (Ed.), Work and Family: An International Perspective, Mahwah: Lawrence
  • Earlbaum Kossek, E. E., Lewis, S, & Hammer, L. B. (2010), “Work–life Initiatives and Organizational Change: Overcoming Mixed Messages to Move From t he Margin to the Mainstream”, Human Relations, 63 (1): 3-19.
  • Kossek, E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T. & Hammer, L., (2011), “Workplace Social Support and Work-family Conflict: A Meta-analysis Clarifying the Influence of General and Work-family-specific Supervisor and Organizational Support”, Personnel Psychology, 64 (2): 289-313.
  • Lewis, D. (2010), Non- governmental Organizations: Definitions and History, The London School of Economics and Political Science, Research Gate Marks, S. R. (1977), “Multiple Roles and Role Strain: Some Notes on Human Energy, Time, and Commitment, American Sociological Review, 42 (6): 921–36.
  • Mengistu, A. B, & Worku, M. M. (2020), “Effect of Work-life Balance on Organizational Commitment in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia”, Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 9 (1): 17-29
  • Mengistu, A. B, Hoobler, J. M. & Tadesse, W. M. (2015), Developing and Testing a Model of Work-family Bal-ance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Implications for Job Satisfaction, Turnover Intentions and Actual Turnover, Dissertation, Addis Ababa University.
  • Michel, J. S., & Clark, M. A. (2009), “Has It Been Affecting All Along? A Test of Worktofamily and Family-to-work Models of Conflict, Enrichment, and Satisfaction”, Personality and Individual Differences, 47 (3): 163-68.
  • Michel, J.S., Kotrba, L.M., Mitchelson, J.K., Clark, M.A. & Baltes, B.B. (2011), “Antecedents of Work-family Conflict: A Metaanalytic Review”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32 (5): 689-725.
  • Mwangi, L., Boinett, C. C., Tumwet, E., & Bowen, D. (2017), “Effects of Work-life Balance on Employees Performance in Institutions of Higher Learning. A Case Study of Kabarak University”, Kabarak Journal of Research & Innovation, 4 (2): 60-69, Retrieved from http://ojs.kabarak.ac.ke/ index.php/journal1/article/view/90
  • Nunnaly, J.C. (1967), Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill series in Psychology, New York, NY, McGraw-Hill.
  • O’Driscoll, M., Brough, P. & Kalliath, T. (2006), “Work-family Conflict and Facilitation”, in F. Ones R.Burke & M. Westman (Eds.), Managing the Work-home Interface, Hove.
  • Sussex. UK: Psychology Press Omar, K.M., Mohd, I.H. & Ariffin, M.S. (2015), “Workload, Role Conflict and Work-life Balance among Employees of An Enforcement Agency in Malaysia”, International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 8: 52-57
  • Pihie, Z. A. L. (2009), “Precipitation Variability on the Massif Forest of Mahouna (North Eastern-Algeria) from 1986 to 2010,” International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 5(3):21-28
  • Pocock, B. (2005), “Work/Care Regimes: Institutions, Culture and Behavior and the Australian Case”, Gender, Work and Organization, 12(1): 32-49.
  • Rincy, V. Mathew & Panchanatham, N (2011), “An Exploratory Study on the Work Life Balance of Women Entrepreneurs in South India”, Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16:77- 105.
  • Robbins, S.P. & T.A. (2013), Organizational Behavior, 15th ed., Pearson, Boston.
  • Russo, M., Shteigman, A. & Carmeli, A. (2016), “Workplace and Family Support and Worklife Balance: Implications for Individual Psychological Availability and Energy at Work”, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(2): 173-88.
  • Shaikh, P. & Dange, U. (2017), “Antecedents of Work Life Balance: A Study of Healthcare Sector”, IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 8(1): 1-7.
  • doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v8.n1.p1
  • Skinner, N., & Pocock, B. (2008), “Work-life Conflict: Is Work Time or Work Overload More Important”? Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 46 (3): 303–15.
  • Stephanie M. Mazerolle, Jennifer E. Bruening & Douglas J. Casa (2008), “Work-family Conflict, Part I: Antecedents of Work-Family Conflict in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I-A Certified Athletic Trainers”, Journal of Athletic Training, 43 (5): 505-12.
  • Teka , E. (2006), An Assessment of the Contributions Made by NGOs in the Promotion of Quality and Gender Equity in Primary Education in BGRS, Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Addis Ababa University
  • Thomas, L. T.& Ganster, D. C. (1995), “Impact of Family-supportive Work Variables on Work-family Conflict and Strain: A Control Perspective”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 80 (1): 6–15
  • Thompson, C.A. & Prottas, D.J. (2006), “Relationship Among Organizational Family Support, Job Autonomy, Perceived Control, and Employee Well-being”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,11(1): 100-18
  • Valcour, M. (2007), “Work-based Resources as Moderators of the Relationship between Work Hours and Satisfaction with Work–family Balance”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92 (6): 1512–23.
  • Voydanoff, P. (2005), “Toward a Conceptualization of Perceived Work Family Fit and Balance: a Demand and Resources Approach”, Journal of Marital status and Family , 67 (4): 822-36.

Abstract Views: 126

PDF Views: 0




  • Predictors of Work-life Balance in Select Nongovernment Organizations in Ethiopia

Abstract Views: 126  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Abeba Beyene Mengistu
Head, School of Commerce, College of Business and Economics, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
Mahlet Adugna Bedada
HR Coordinator of FH Ethiopia, Ethiopia

Abstract


This paper investigates factors that predict the work-life balance of employees in NGOs in Ethiopia using quantitative research approach and explanatory research design. Data was collected from 163 managerial and professional employees using a structured questionnaire and responses were analyzed. Results revealed low levels of perceived Work Overload, Family Role Overload, and Work-family Balance and moderate levels of perceived Work-life Balance Policies, and high levels of perceived Workplace Support. Work Overload, Family Role Overload, Social Support, and Work-life Balance Policies predicted the Work-life Balance. To improve the situation, in addition to the existing work-life balance policies, the management should introduce need-based family friendly workplace policies such as f l exi bl e work i ng arrangement s, leave arrangements and child care benefits.

References