Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Gender & Education Determinants of Individualism–Collectivism: A Study of Future Managers
Subscribe/Renew Journal
This paper aims to explore current positions in the individualism- collectivism dimension of male and female students in undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The study was based on primary data and the respondents were selected from undergraduate and post graduate students perusing management courses. The findings of the study ran counter to those of previous studies concerning individualism- collectivism in that the female students in undergraduate and postgraduate courses had high collectivist behaviour while their male counterparts showed low collectivist behaviour. This reflects that group behaviour in females is effective and if channelized properly, this inherent trait of group conformity can help female managers to effectively handle the teams along with sound peer relationship.
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Cox, T, Lobel, S. & McLeod, P. L. (1991), “Effects of Ethnic Group Cultural Differences on Cooperative and Competitive behaviour on a Group Task”, Academy of Management Journal, 34: 827-47
- Cropanzano, R., James, K. & Citera M. (1992), “A Goal Hierarchy Model of Personality, Motivation, and Leadership”, Research in Organizational Behaviour, 15: 267-22.
- Earley, P. G. (1989), “Social Loafing and Collectivism: a Comparison of the United States and the People’s Republic of China”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 34: 565-81.
- Earley, P. G. (1993), “East Meets West Meets Mideast: Further Explorations of Collectivistic and Individualistic Work Groups”, Academy of Management Journal, 36: 319
- Earley, P.G. (1994),” Self or Group? Cultural Effects of Training on Self-efficacy and Performance”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(1):89–117.
- Etzioni, A. (1968), The Active Society, New York. NY: Free Press.
- Fagenson, E.A. (1990), “Perceived Masculine and Feminine Attributes Examined as a Func tion of Individual’s Sex and Level in the Organizational Power Hierarchy: A Test of Four Theoretical Perspectives”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 75:204-12.
- Hofstede, G. (1980), Culture’s Consequences, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
- Hofstede, G. (1991), Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw- Hill.
- Hofstede, G. (1992), “Cultural Constraints in Management Theories”, paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Hofstede, G. (1980), “Culture’s Consequences. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications
- Jewell, E. J. & Abate, F. (Eds.) (2001), The New Oxford American Dictionary, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Kagitcibasi, C. (1997), “Individualism and Collectivism”, in J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, & C. Kagitcibasi (Eds.), Handbook of Cross- Cultural Psychology: Vol. 3., Social Behaviour and Applications , Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Konrad, M.A., J.Edgar Ritchie, Jr., Pamela Lieb & Elizabeth Corrigall (2000), “Sex Differences and Similarities in Job Attribute Preferences: A Meta Analysis”, Psychological Bulletin, 126 (4): 593-641.
- Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991), “Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion and Motivation”, Psychological Review, 98: 224–53.
- Markus, H. & Wurf, E. (1987), “The Dynamic Self-Concept: a Social Psychological Perspective”, Annual Review of Psychology, 38: 299-337.
- Meindl, J. R., Hunt, R. G. & Lee, W. (1989), “Individualism-Collectivism and Work Values: Data from the United States, China, and Taiwan, Korea, and Hong Kong”. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, suppl. 1: 59—77.
- Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M.& Kemmelmeier, M. (2002), “Rethinking Individualism and Collectivism: Evaluation of Theoretical Assumptions and Meta-analyses”, Psychological Bulletin, 128: 3-72.
- Schwartz, S. H. (1992), “Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries”, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25: 1-65.
- Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D. & Gelfand, M. J. (1995), “Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions of Individualism and Collectivism: A Theoretical and Measurement Refinement”, Cross-Cultural Research, 29: 240-75.
- Triandis, H. (1994a), “Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Collectivism and Individualism”, in Kim, U., Triandis, H., Kagitcibasi, G., Ghoi, S. and Yoon, G. (Eds), Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications, Thousand Oaks: Sage: 41-51.
- Triandis, H. C. (1994b), “Cross-Cultural Industrial and Organizational Psychology”,in Triandis,H. G., Dunnette, M. D. and Hough, L. M. (Eds), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., 103-72.
- Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview.
- Triandis, H., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M., Asai, M. & Lucca, N. (1988), “Individualism and Collectivism: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Self- In Group Relationships”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54: 323-38.
- Wagner, J.A. (1995), “Studies of Individualism- Collectivism Effects on Cooperation in Groups”, Academy of Management Journal, 38(1):152–72.
- Wood Wendy & Eagly H. Alice (2002), “A Cross- Cultural Analysis of the Behaviour of Women and Men: Implications for the Origins of Sex Differences”, Psychological Bulletin, 128 (5): 699-727.
Abstract Views: 286
PDF Views: 0