Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Significance of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics as Health Potentiators
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Worldwide, the demand of synbiotic foods is growing rapidly due to the increased awareness of the consumers for their health. Synbiotic describes synergism or synergistic relationship. It is a supplement that contains both a prebiotic and probiotic component working together to improve the 'friendly flora' of the human intestine. Fermented milk products e.g. yoghurt and kefir are considered to be synbiotic products since they supply the live bacteria and the food for live bacteria to survive. However, evidently not all fermented products promote symbiosis. The best synbiotic combinations currently available include bifidobacteria and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), Lactobacillus GG and inulins, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli with FOS or inulins and Lactowise - Lactobacillus sporogenes and Fenumannan. For many of the potential benefits of probiotics, research is limited and only preliminary results are available.
Keywords
Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Health Benefits.
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Abott, A. (2004). Microbiology: gut reaction.Nature, 427:284286
- Aggett, P.J., Antoine, J.M., Asp, N.G., Bellisle, F., Contor, L., Cummings, J.H., Howlett Müller, D.J.G., Persin, C., Pijls, L.T.J., Rechkemmer, G., Tuitelaars, S. and Verhagen, H. (2005). PASSCLAIM process for the assessment of scientific support for claims on foods. consensus on criteria. J. Nutr., 44 : 1-30.
- Amin,T.,Thakur, M. and Jain, S.C. (2013). Microencapsulation – the future of probiotics cultures. Internat. J. Microbiol., Biotechnol. & Food Sci., 3(1): 35-43.
- Boyle, R.J., Bath-Hextall, F.J., Leonardi-Bee, J., Murrell, D.F. and Tang, M.L. (2008). Probiotics for treating eczema. Cochrane. Database. Syst. Rev., 4 : CD006135.
- Braat, H., Van Den, B., Van Tol, J., Hommes, E., Peppelenbosch, D. and Van Deventer, M. (2004).Lactobacillus rhamnosus induces peripheral hypo responsiveness in stimulated CD4+ T cells via modulation of dendritic cell function. Amer. J. Cli. Nutr., 80 : 1618 – 1625.
- Brady, L.J., Gallaher, D.D. and Busta, F.F. (2000). The role of probiotic cultures in the prevention of colon cancer. J Nutr., 130 : 410 – 414.
- Catanzaro, J. and Green, L. (1997). Microbial ecology and probiotics in human medicine. Altern. Med. Rev., 2 : 296-305 .
- Cremonini, F., Di Caro, S., Covino, M., Armuzzi, A., Gabrielli, M., Santarelli, L., Nista, E.C. and Cammarota, G. (2002). Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Ali. Pharmacol Ther., 16 : 1461 – 1467.
- Diplock, A.T., Aggett, P.J., Ashwell, M., Bornet, F., Fern, E.B. and Roberfroid, M.B. (1999). Scientific concepts of functional foods in Europe: consensus document. British J. Nutr., 81 : 1 – 27.
- Doron, S.I., Hibberd, P.L. and Gorbach, S.L. (2008). Probiotics for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhe. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 42 (2): 58–63.
- D’Souza, A.L., Rajkumar, C., Cooke, J. and Bulpitt, C.J. (2002). Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. BMJ, 324 : 1361.
- Eduardo, J.S. and Anne, D.H. (2003). Probiotic bacteria and enteric infections: Cytoprotection by probiotic bacteria, Chapter IX Microbiota, Probiotics and Natural Immunity of the Gut, Springer, pp. 189-206.
- Famularo, G., Perluigi, M., Pieluigi, M., Coccia, R., Mastroiacovo, P. and De Simone, C. (2001).
- Microecology, bacterial vaginosis and probiotics: perspectives for bacteriotherapy. Med. Hypoth., 56 (4) : 421–430.
- Friend, B.A. and Shahani, K.M. (1984). Nutritional and therapeutic aspects of lactobacilli. J. App. Nutr., 36 : 125-53.
- Fuller, R. (1989). Probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bateriol., 66 : 365-378.
- Gallaher, D.D., Stallings, W.H. and Blessing, L.L. (1996). Probiotics, cecal microflora and aberrant crypts in the rat colon. J. Nutr., 126:1362.
- Gibson, G.R., Probert, H.M., Van Loo, J., Rastall, R.A. and Roberfroid, M. (2004). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutr. Res. Rev., 17:259-275.
- Gibson, G.R. and Roberfroid, M.B. (1995). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microflora: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr., 125 : 1401–1412.
- Guyonnet, D., Chassany, O., Ducrotte, P., Picard, C., Mouret, M., Mercier, M.H. and Matuchansky, C. (2007). Effect of fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN173 010 on the health-related quality of life and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome in adults in primary care: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 26 : 475–486.
- Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T. (2003). The role of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection. Internat. J. Antimicrob Agents, 22 : 360-366.
- Hatakka, A. (2001). Biodegradation of lignin. In: Hofrichter M, Steinb_chel A (eds) Biopolymers: biology, chemistry, biotechnology, applications, Lignin, humic substances and coal,Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 1 : 129–180.
- Heller, K. (2001). Probiotic bacteria in fermented foods: Product characteristics and starter organisms. American J. Clin. Nutr., 73 : 374 - 379.
- Holzapfel, W.H. and Schillinger, U. (2002). Introduction to pre- and probiotics. Food Res. Internat., 35 : 109-116.
- Hord, N.G. (2008). Eukaryotic microbiotic crosstalk: Potential mechanism for the health benefits of prebiotics and probiotics. Ann. Rev. Nutr., 28: 215-231.
- Kirjavainen, P.V., Salminen, S.J. and Isolauri, E. (2003). Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability. J. Ped. Gastr. Nutr., 36: 223–227
- Macfarlane, G.T., Steed, H. and Macfarlane, S. (2008). Bacterial metabolism and health-related effects of galactooligosaccharides and other prebiotics. J. Appl. Microbiol. 104 : 305-344.
- Mcfarland, L.V. (2006). Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of clostridium difficile disease. American J. Gastroenterol., 101: 812–822.
- Metchinkoff, E. (1907). Essais optimistes. Paris. The prolongation of life. Optimistic studies. Translated and edited by P. Chalmers Mitchell. Heinemann, LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM.
- Nase, L., Hatakka, K., Savilahti, E., Saxelin, M., Ponka, A., Poussa, T., Korpela, R. and Meurman, J.H. (2001). Effect of long-term consumption of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental caries and caries risk in children. Caries Res., 35: 412-420.
- Niedzielin, K., Kordecki, H. and Birkenfeld, B. (2001). A controlled, double blind, randomized study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 299V in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. European J. Gastroenterol. & Hepatol., 13 (10) : 1143-1147.
- Ouwehand, A.C., Kirjavainen, P.V., Shortt, C. and Salminen, S. (1999). Probiotics: mechanisms and established effects. Internat. Dairy J., 9 : 43-52.
- Ouwehand, A.C., Salminen, S. and Isolauri, E. (2002). Probiotics: an overview of beneficial effects. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 82 : 279-289.
- Perdigon, G., Maldonado Galdeano, C., Valdez, J.C. and Medici, M. (2002). Interaction of lactic acid bacteria with the gut immune system. European J. Clinic. Nutr., 56 : 21-26.
- Reid, G. (2001). Probiotic agents to protect the urogenital tract against infection. American J. Clin. Nutr., 73: 437-443.
- Reid, G., Jass, J., Sebulsky, M.T. and McCormick, J.K. (2003). Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. Clinic. Microbiol. Rev., 16 : 658-672.
- Saavedra, J.M. and Bauman, N.A. (1994). Feeding Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus to infants in hospital for prevention of diarrhoea and shedding of rotavirus. Lancet, 344 : 1046-1049.
- Sanders, M.E. (2000). Considerations for use of probiotic bacteria to modulate human health. J. Nutr., 130 : 384-390.
- Sazawal, S., Hiremath, G., Dhingra, U., Malik, P., Deb, S. and Black, R.E. (2006). Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: a meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis., 6 : 374-382 .
- Shahani, K.M. and Chandan, R.C. (1979). Nutritional and healthful aspects of cultured and culture-containing dairy foods. J. Dairy Sci., 62 : 1685-1694.
- Surawicz, C.M. (2008). Role of probiotics in antibioticassociated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 42 : 64-70.
- Suvarna, V.C. and Boby, V.U. (2005). Probiotic in human health: a current assessment. Curr. Sci., 88: 1744-1748.
- Szajewska,H. and Mrukowicz, J. (2005). Meta-analysis: nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Alimentary Pharmacol. & Therapeutics, 22(5): 365-372.
- Szajewska, H., Setty, M., Mrukowicz and Guandalini, S. (2006). Probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases in children: Hard andnot-so-hard evidence of efficacy. JPGN, 42 : 454-475.
- Tannock, G.W. (1999). Probiotics: A critical review. Horizon Scientific Press, 15-22pp. NEWYORK, U.S.A.
- Whorwell, P.J., Altringer, L., Morel, J., Bond, Y., Charbonneau, D., O’Mahony, L., Kiely, B., Shanahan, F. and Quigley, E.M.M. (2006). Efficacy of an encapsulated probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in women with irritable bowel syndrome. American J. Gastroenterol., 101 : 1581-1590.
- Wollowski, I., Rechkemmer, G. and Pool-Zobel, B.L. (2001). Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer. American J. Cli. Nutr., 73: 451-455.
- Zubillaga, M., Weil, R., Postaire, E., Goldman, C., Caro, R. and Boccio, J. (2001). Effect of probiotics and functional foods and their use in different diseases. Nutr. Res., 21 : 569-579.
- FAO (2001) Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with lactic acid bacteria. h t tp : / /www.wh o . in t / f o o d sa f t e y / p u b l i ca t io n / fsmanagement/ probiotics/en/index.html.
- FAO (2007) FAO Technical Meetings on PREBIOTICS, Rome, Italy. Retrieved from the website: http://www.fao.org/ag/ agn/agns/index en.stm.
- Hitti, M. (2006). Probiotics May Help Stressed Gut. WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/content/article/121/114283.htm. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
- Hobbs, C. (2000). Pro-life therapy with probiotics. Health World Online TM at http://www.healthy.net/asp/ templates/article.
- Science Daily (2010). Good bacteria keep immune system primed to fight future infections. http://
- www. s c i e n c e d a i l y. c om/ r e l e a s e s / 2 0 1 0 / 0 1 / 100127095945.htm.
Abstract Views: 234
PDF Views: 0