Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Fruits and Vegetables:Nature's Gift to Obtain better Health through Antioxidants


Affiliations
1 Department of Home Science and Food Technology, Surajmal Agarwal Pvt. Kanya Mahavidyalaya (Kumaun University), Nainital (Uttarakhand), India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Fruits and vegetables contain different nutrients and other components which help in maintaining healthy body. These components possess antioxidant activity. In recent times natural antioxidants have raised considerable interest among nutritionists, food manufacturers and consumers because of their presumed safety and potential therapeutic value. Dietary antioxidants, such as water-soluble vitamin C and phenolic compounds, as well as lipid-soluble vitamin E and carotenoids, present in vegetables contribute both to the first and second defence lines against oxidative stress. As a result, they protect cells against oxidative damage, and may therefore prevent chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Naturally occurring antioxidants are capable of inhibiting the ill effects of free radical damage to human body system, but their consumption also boost the body's endogenous antioxidant mechanism to combat oxidative stress. Natural ingredients in food are considered safer option than synthetic additives. This review paper presents different natural antioxidants present in fruits and vegetables.

Keywords

Fruits, Vegetables, Antioxidants.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Aherne, S.A. and O’Brien, N.M. (2002). Dietary flavonols: Chemistry, food content, and metabolism. Nutrition., 18 : 75–81.
  • Beckman, K.B. and Ames, B.N. (1998). The free radical theory of aging matures. Physiol. Rev., 78 : 547- 581.
  • Block, G., Jensen, C., Dietrich, M., Norkus, E.P., Hudes, M. and Packer, L. (2004). Plasma C-reactive protein concentrations in active and passive smokers: Influence of antioxidant supplementation.J. American College Nutr., 23 (2) : 141–147.
  • Boekholdt, S.M., Meuwese, M.C., Day, N.E., Luben, R., Welch, A. and Wareham, N.J. (2006). Plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid and C-reactive protein, and risk of future coronary artery disease, in apparently healthy men and women: The EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. British J. Nutr., 96 (3) : 516–522.
  • Dauchet, L., Amouyel, P., Hercberg, S. and Dallongeville, J. (2006). Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. J. Nutr., 136 (10) : 2588–2593.
  • Davey, M.W., Montagu, M.V., Inze, D., Sanmartin, M., Kanellis, A. and Smirnoff, N. (2000). Plant L-ascorbic acid: Chemistry, function, metabolism, bioavailability and effects of processing. J. Sci. Food & Agric., 80: 825–860.
  • Dyrby, M., Westergaard, N. and Stapelfeldt, H. (2001). Light and heat sensitivity of red cabbage extract in soft drink model systems. Food Chem., 72: 431–437.
  • Ellingsen, I., Hjerkinn, E.M., Seljeflot, I., Arnesen, H. and Tonstad, S. (2008). Consumption of fruit and berriesis inversely associated with carotid atherosclerosis in elderly men. British J. Nutr., 99 (3) : 674–681.
  • Franke, A.A., Custer, L.J., Arakaki, C. and Murphy, S.P. (2004). Vitamin C and flavonoid levels of fruits and vegetables consumed in Hawaii. J. Food Comp. & Anal., 17 : 1–35.
  • Gann, P.H., Ma, J., Giovannucci, E., Willett, W., Sacks, F.M. and Hennekens, C.H. (1999). Lower prostate cancer risk in men with elevated plasma lycopene levels: Results of a prospective analysis. Cancer Res., 59 (6) : 1225–1230.
  • Gosslau, A. and Chen, K.Y. (2004). Nutraceuticals, apoptosis, and disease prevention. Nutrition, 20 : 95–102.
  • Howard, L.A., Wong, A.D., Perry, A.K. and Klein, B.P. (1999). β-carotene and ascorbic acid retention in fresh and processed vegetables. J. Food Sci., 64 (5) : 929–936.
  • Krinsky, N.I. (2001). Carotenoids as antioxidants. Nutrition, 17 : 815–817.
  • Kurilich, A.C., Tsau, G.J., Brown, A., Howard, L., Klein, B.P. and Jeffery, E.H. (1999). Carotene, tocopherol and ascorbate contents in subspecies of Brassica oleracea. J. Agric. & Food Chem., 47 : 1576–1581.
  • Lampi, A.M., Kamal-Eldin, A. and Piironen, V. (2002). Tocopherols and tocotrienols from oil and cereal grains. In: J. Shi, G. Mazza, M. LeMaguer, (Eds.), Functional food—Biochemical and processing aspects. FL: CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton.
  • Maneesub, Y., Sanvarinda, Y. and Govitrapong, P. (1993). Partial restoration of choline acetyltransferase activities in aging and AF64A-lesioned rat brains by vitamin E. Neurochemistry Internat., 22 (5) : 487–491.
  • Michaud, D.S., Spiegelman, D., Clinton, S.K., Rimm, E.B., Willett, W.C. and Giovannucci E.L. (1999). Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of bladder cancer in a male prospective cohort. J. National Cancer Institute, 91 (7) : 605–613.
  • Pavia, M., Pileggi, C., Nobile, C.G. and Angelillo, I.F. (2006). Association between fruit and vegetable consumption and oral cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies. American J. Clinic. Nutr., 83 (5) : 1126–1134.
  • Piironen, V., Syvaoja, E.L., Varo, P., Salminen, K. and Koivistoinen, P. (1986). Tocopherols and tocotrienols in Finnish foods: Vegetables, fruits, and berries.J . Agric. & Food Chem., 34 : 742–746.
  • Rao, A.V., Fleshner, N. and Agarwal, S. (1999). Serum and tissue lycopene and biomarkers of oxidation in prostate cancer patients: A case–control study. Nutr. & Cancer, 33 (2) : 159–164.
  • Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M. and Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biol. & Med., 26 (9&10;) : 1231–1237.
  • Rice-Evans, C.A., Sampson, J., Bramley, P.M. and Holloway, D.E. (1997). Why do we expect carotenoids to be antioxidants in vivo. Free Radical Res., 26 (4) : 381–398.
  • Salonen, R.M., Nyyssonen, K., Kaikkonen, J., PorkkalaSarataho, E., Voutilainen, S. and Rissanen, T.H. (2003). Six-year effect of combined vitamin C and E supplementation on atherosclerotic progression: The Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) study.Circulation, 107 (7) : 947–953.
  • Sauvaget, C., Nagano, J., Hayashi, M., Spencer, E., Shimizu, Y. and Allen, N. (2003). Vegetables and fruit intake and cancer mortality in the Hiroshima Nagasaki Life Span Study. British J. Cancer, 88 (5) : 689–694.
  • Singh, M., Arseneault, M., Sanderson, T., Murthy, V. and Ramassamy, C. (2008). Challenges for research on polyphenols from foods in Alzheimer’s disease: Bioavailability, metabolism, and cellular and molecular mechanisms. J. Agric. & Food Chem., 56 (13) : 4855-4873.
  • Singh, Vimmi and Kumari, Mamta (2015). Affects of Ascorbic acid on health. Internat. J. Appl. Home Sci., 2 (9&10;) : 289-297.
  • Stampfer, M.J. and Rimm, E.B. (1995). Epidemiologic evidence for vitamin E in prevention ofcardio-vascular disease. American J. Clinic. Nutr., 62 :1365–1369.
  • Stephens, N.G., Parsons, A., Schofield, P.M., Kelly, F., Cheeseman, K. and Mitchinson, M.J. (1996). Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Lancet, 347: 781–786.
  • Vallejo, F., Tomas-Barberan, F.A. and Garcia-Viguera, C. (2002). Potential bioactive compounds in health promotion from broccoli cultivars grown in Spain. J. Sci. Food & Agric., 82:1293–1297.
  • Wang, H., Cao, G. and Prior, R.L. (1997). Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of anthocyanins. J. Agric. & Food Chem., 45 :304–309.
  • Wootton –Bread, P.C. and Ryan, L. (2011). Improving public health: The role of antioxidant-rich fruit and vegetable beverages. Review paper. Food Res. Internat., 44 (10) : 3135 - 3148.
  • Xu, Y., Zhang, J.J., Xiong, L., Zhang, L., Sun, D. and Liu, H. (2010). Green tea polyphenols inhibit cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoper fusion via modulating oxidative stress. J. Nutr. Biochem., 21 (8) : 741–748.
  • Yuan, J.M., Stram, D.O., Arakawa, K., Lee, H.P. and Yu, M.C. (2003). Dietary cryptoxanthin and reduced risk of lung cancer: The Singapore Chinese Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers & Prevention, 12 (9) : 890–898.
  • ht tp: / /www. sc ienc edirec t . com/science /art ic le /pi i / S0963996911005461 - ref_bb0650 Singh et al., 2008

Abstract Views: 252

PDF Views: 0




  • Fruits and Vegetables:Nature's Gift to Obtain better Health through Antioxidants

Abstract Views: 252  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Dashrath Bhati
Department of Home Science and Food Technology, Surajmal Agarwal Pvt. Kanya Mahavidyalaya (Kumaun University), Nainital (Uttarakhand), India

Abstract


Fruits and vegetables contain different nutrients and other components which help in maintaining healthy body. These components possess antioxidant activity. In recent times natural antioxidants have raised considerable interest among nutritionists, food manufacturers and consumers because of their presumed safety and potential therapeutic value. Dietary antioxidants, such as water-soluble vitamin C and phenolic compounds, as well as lipid-soluble vitamin E and carotenoids, present in vegetables contribute both to the first and second defence lines against oxidative stress. As a result, they protect cells against oxidative damage, and may therefore prevent chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Naturally occurring antioxidants are capable of inhibiting the ill effects of free radical damage to human body system, but their consumption also boost the body's endogenous antioxidant mechanism to combat oxidative stress. Natural ingredients in food are considered safer option than synthetic additives. This review paper presents different natural antioxidants present in fruits and vegetables.

Keywords


Fruits, Vegetables, Antioxidants.

References