The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Manifestation of Non Communicable Disease Risks among Overtly Undernourished Young (<30 Yrs) Rural Adults in India-Pune Rural Cohort


Affiliations
1 Biometry and Nutrition Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune - 411 004, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Rural population, where widespread under nutrition with obesity meagre is prevalent, is relatively less studied for prevalence of NCDs and the associated risk factors. Young rural adults (<30 yrs) (males 449 and females 267) were examined for anthropometry and blood pressure. Subjects were underweight (45.3±7.9 kg females; 56.4±9.1 kg males), short (153.0±5.5 cm females; 166.3±6.2 cm males) and thin (BMI 19.4±2.8 kg/m2 females; 20.3±2.9 kg/m2 males) as adults. The prevalence of overweight (BMI±25Kg/m2) was low (4.1% females; 6.5% males) while obesity was negligible but under nutrition (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) was evident (43.4% females; 29% males). Prevalence of hypertension (HTN) was significantly higher in males than in females (16.3% vs 6.4%; p<0.000) but was not true for dyslipidemia or high sugar. The prevalence of HTN and dyslipidemia increased significantly from lower tertile to higher tertile for all the indicators (BMI, waist-WC, waist-hip ratio-WHR, body fat-BF, abdominal circumference-AC), only among males. Moreover, the significant risk was observed at much lower level of BMI (>18.9 kg/m2) compared to conventional cut off (>23 kg/m2). Within the narrow range of BMI, central obesity increased with BMI, but was not responsible for high prevalence of HTN while short adult height (<166.1 cm) was, indicating early origins of HTN. These observations underscore the need for improving hypertension screening and treatment in primary health centres of rural areas as undernourished individuals exposed to nutritional transition are believed to experience much higher risk of hypertension compared to urban populations.

Keywords

Under Nutrition, Hypertension, Young Rural Adults.
User
Notifications

  • Lim, S.S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A.D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet, 2012, 380, 2224-2260.

  • Srinath Reddy, K., Shah, B., Varghese, C. and Ramadoss, A. Responding to the threat of chronic diseases in India. Lancet, 2005, 366, 1744-1749.

  • Gupta, R. Trends in hypertension epidemiology in India. J. Hum. Hyper., 2004, 18, 73-78.

  • World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of a WHO consultation. WHO Technical Report Series no. 894, WHO, Geneva. 2000, 1-142.

  • Shanthirani, C.S., Pradeepa. R., Deepa, R., Premalatha, G., Saroja, R. and Mohan, V. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in selected South Indian population - the Chennai urban population study. J. Assoc. Physicians. 2003, 51, 20-27.

  • Gupta, R. and Mehrishi, S. Waist-hip ratio and blood pressure correlation in an urban Indian population. J. Ind. Med. Assoc., 1997, 95, 412-415.

  • Bhardwaj, S.D., Shewte, M.K., Bhatkule, P.R. and Khadse, J.R. Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease in a rural area of Nagpur district, Maharashtra – A WHO STEP wise approach. Int. J. Biol. Med. Res., 2012, 3, 1413-1418.

  • Agarwal, V.K., Basannar, D.R., Sing, R.P., Dutt, M., Abraham, D. and Mustafa, M.S. Coronary risk factors in a rural community. Ind. J. Pub. Health., 2006, 50, 19-23.

  • Krishnan, A., Shah, B., Lal, V., Shukla, D.K., Paul, E. and Kapoor, S.K. Prevalence of risk factors for non communicable disease in a rural area of Faridabad district of Haryana. Ind. J. Pub. Health., 2008, 52, 117-124.

  • Anchala, R., Kannuri, N.K., Pant, H., Khan, H., Franco, O.H., DiAngelantonio, E. and Prabhakaran, D. Hypertension in India – A systematic review and meta analysis of prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension. J. Hyper., 2014, 32, DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000146

  • Kaur, P., Ramachandra Rao, S., Radhakrishnan, E., Rajsekhar, D. and Gupte, M.D. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors for hypertension in a rural population in South India. Int. J. Pub. Health., 2012, 57, 87-94.

  • Deshmukh, P.R., Gupta, S.S., Dongre, A.R., Bharambe, M.S., Maliye, C., Kaur, E. and Garg, B.S. Relationship of anthropometric indicators with blood pressure levels in rural Wardha. Ind. J. Med. Res., 2006, 657-664.

  • Arabshahi, S., Busingye, D., Subsinghe, A.K., Evans, R.G., Riddell, M.A. and Thrift, A.G. Adiposity has a greater impact on hypertension in lean than not lean populations: A systematic review and meta analysis. Euro. J. Epide., DOI 10.1007/s10654-014-9911-6

  • Lean, M.E., Han, T.S. and Morrison, L.E. Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. Brit. Med. J., 1995, 311, 158-161.

  • Chobanian, A.V., Bakris, G.L., Black, H.R., et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 2003, 289, 2560-2572.

  • NCEP-ATP3 Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP): Expert panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel 3). J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 2001, 285, 2486-2497.

  • International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. IDF 2006, Belgium, 10.

  • World Health Organization Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of a WHO consultation. WHO Technical Report Series no. 894, WHO, Geneva, 2000,1-142.

  • Lohman, T.G., Houtkooper, L. and Going, S.B. Body fat measurements goes high tech. (Not all are created equal). ACSM Health Fitness J., 1997, 1, 30-35.

  • World Health Organization. Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010. WHO, Geneva. 2011, p.vii.

  • Chadha, S.L., Gopinath, N. and Shekhawat, S. Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in Delhi. Bull. World Health Organ., 1997, 75, 31-38.

  • Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Dharmaraj, D. and Vishwanathan, M. Prevalence of glucose intolerance in Asian Indians: urban-rural difference and significance of upper body adiposity. Diabetes Care, 1992, 15, 1348-1355.

  • Gupta, M., Patil, R., Khan, M.I. and Gupta, S.K. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension in Urban Tamilnadu. J. Clin. Diag. Res., 2011, 5, 586-588.

  • Iyer, U., Elayath, N. and Desai. Comparative prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the adult population of Vadodara and Godhra in Gujarat and determinants of diabetes mellitus in the population. Int. J. App. Bio. Pharma. Tech., 2011, 2, 346-352.

  • Reddy, K.S.N., Reddy, K.K. and Sudha, G. Overall and abdominal adiposity on blood pressure: consistency and evaluation of their association in an adult Indian population. J. Life Sci., 2010, 2, 117-125.

  • Deurenberg-Yap, M., Yian, T.B., Kai, C.S., Deurenberg, P. and van Staveren, W.A. Manifestation of cardiovascular risk factors at low levels of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in Singaporean Chinese. Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr., 1999, 8, 177–183.

  • Rao Shobha, Gaigaware Pooja and Mankar Amol P. Adverse anthropometric profile and blood pressure among young (<40 y) urban adult males from Pune, India. DOI:10.21048/ijnd.2016.53.2.2367

  • Todkar, S.S., Gujarathi, V.V. and Tapare, V.S. Period prevalence and socio demographic factors of hypertension in rural Maharashtra- A cross sectional study. Ind. J. Comm. Med. 2009, 34, 183-187.

  • Rao, S. and Apte, P. Social class related gradient in the association of skeletal growth with blood pressure among adolescent boys in India. Pub. Heal. Nutr., 2009, 12, 2256-2262.

  • Vikram, N.K., Pandey, R.M., Misra, A., Sharma, R., Devi, J.R., et al. Non obese (body mass index <25Kg/m2) Asian Indians with normal waist circumference have high cardiovascular risk. Nutr., 2003, 19, 503-509.

  • Leeson, C.P.M., Kattenhorn, M., Deanfield, J.E. and Lucas, A. Duration of breast feeding and arterial distensibility in early adult life: population based study. Brit. Med. J., 2001, 322, 643-647.


Abstract Views: 432

PDF Views: 1




  • Manifestation of Non Communicable Disease Risks among Overtly Undernourished Young (<30 Yrs) Rural Adults in India-Pune Rural Cohort

Abstract Views: 432  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Shobha Rao
Biometry and Nutrition Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune - 411 004, India

Abstract


Rural population, where widespread under nutrition with obesity meagre is prevalent, is relatively less studied for prevalence of NCDs and the associated risk factors. Young rural adults (<30 yrs) (males 449 and females 267) were examined for anthropometry and blood pressure. Subjects were underweight (45.3±7.9 kg females; 56.4±9.1 kg males), short (153.0±5.5 cm females; 166.3±6.2 cm males) and thin (BMI 19.4±2.8 kg/m2 females; 20.3±2.9 kg/m2 males) as adults. The prevalence of overweight (BMI±25Kg/m2) was low (4.1% females; 6.5% males) while obesity was negligible but under nutrition (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) was evident (43.4% females; 29% males). Prevalence of hypertension (HTN) was significantly higher in males than in females (16.3% vs 6.4%; p<0.000) but was not true for dyslipidemia or high sugar. The prevalence of HTN and dyslipidemia increased significantly from lower tertile to higher tertile for all the indicators (BMI, waist-WC, waist-hip ratio-WHR, body fat-BF, abdominal circumference-AC), only among males. Moreover, the significant risk was observed at much lower level of BMI (>18.9 kg/m2) compared to conventional cut off (>23 kg/m2). Within the narrow range of BMI, central obesity increased with BMI, but was not responsible for high prevalence of HTN while short adult height (<166.1 cm) was, indicating early origins of HTN. These observations underscore the need for improving hypertension screening and treatment in primary health centres of rural areas as undernourished individuals exposed to nutritional transition are believed to experience much higher risk of hypertension compared to urban populations.

Keywords


Under Nutrition, Hypertension, Young Rural Adults.

References