The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

A Raw Food Based Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Long-Term Dietary-Intake Among Urban Adults of South India:Relative Validity and Reproducibility


Affiliations
1 Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
2 Department of Statistics, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
3 Department of Community Studies, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is a commonly used tool for the measurement of food intake of a large population. However, FFQ could be influenced by the cultures, seasons and food habits. Thus FFQ should be validated against a known or standard tool like a multiple 24-hour dietary recalls (24h) and also needs to be tested for its reproducibility. Hence, in this study, the reproducibility of a Raw food based quantitative FFQ (RFFQ) was assessed and validated against the standard multiple 24h method. A community-based longitudinal study was conducted among 106 urban adult subjects in Hyderabad Metropolitan city of South India. The reproducibility of RFFQ was assessed at two reference periods of a year and seasonal variation was investigated across three seasons. Further, RFFQ was validated against 24h across three seasons of the year. The median and Inter Quartile Range (IQR) of food and nutrient intakes have shown that the RFFQ was comparable to 24h of four months duration and also between baseline and final RFFQs. No significant seasonal difference in food and nutrient intake was observed by the RFFQs (p>0.05). Bland-Altman analysis showed an agreement between the RFFQ and 24h indicating relative validity of the RFFQ in the study population. The reproducibility of the RFFQs was found to be good as observed by Intra class Correlation Coefficients (ICC). The RFFQ of one year duration is thus a valid tool to elicit long-term habitual dietary intake pattern of urban adult subjects in South India. As the RFFQ used in this study is raw food based it could be adopted to other parts of the country.

Keywords

Diet Survey, 24-Hour Dietary Recall, Raw Food Based Quantitative FFQ, Validity, Reproducibility.
User
Notifications

  • Ibiebele, T.I., Parekh, S., Mallitt, K.A., Hughes, M.C., O’Rourke, P.K. and Webb, P.M. Reproducibility of food and nutrient intake estimates using a semi-quantitative FFQ in Australian adults. Publ. Health Nutr., 2009, 12(12), 2359-2365. Epub 2009/03/05.

  • Radhika, G., Sathya, R.M., Ganesan, A., Saroja, R., Vijayalakshmi, P., Sudha, V. et al. Dietary profile of urban adult population in South India in the context of chronic disease epidemiology (CURES-68). Publ. Health Nutr., 2011, 14(4), 591-598. Epub 2010/08/13.

  • Gupte, M.D., Ramachandran, V. and Mutatkar, R.K. Epidemiological profile of India: historical and contemporary perspectives. J. Biosci., 2001, 26(4 Suppl):437-464. Epub 2002/01/10.

  • Jayawardena, R., Swaminathan, S., Byrne, N.M., Soares, M.J., Katulanda, P. and Hills, A.P. Development of a food frequency questionnaire for Sri Lankan adults. Nutr. J., 2012, 11, 63. Epub 2012/09/04.

  • Bowen, L., Bharathi, A.V., Kinra, S., Destavola, B., Ness, A. and Ebrahim, S. Development and evaluation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use in urban and rural India. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2012, 21(3), 355-360. Epub 2012/06/19.

  • Dehghan, M., Ilow, R., Zatonska, K., Szuba, A., Zhang, X., Mente, A. et al. Development, reproducibility and validity of the food frequency questionnaire in the Poland arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study. J. Hum. Nutr. Dietet., 2012, 25(3), 225-232. Epub 2012/03/07.

  • Streppel, M.T., de Vries, J.H., Meijboom, S., Beekman, M., de Craen, A.J., Slagboom, P.E. et al. Relative validity of the food frequency questionnaire used to assess dietary intake in the Leiden Longevity Study. Nutr. J., 2013, 12, 75. Epub 2013/06/14.

  • Willet, W. Nutritional Epidemiology. Oxford University Press. 1990; New York: 396.

  • Dehghan, M., del Cerro, S., Zhang, X., Cuneo, J.M., Linetzky, B., Diaz, R. et al. Validation of a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Argentinean adults. PloS one, 2012, 7(5), e37958. Epub 2012/06/05.

  • Hebert, J.R., Gupta, P.C., Bhonsle, R.B., Sinor, P.N., Mehta, H. and Mehta, F.S. Development and testing of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use in Gujarat, India. Publ. Health Nutr., 1999, 2(1), 39-50. Epub 1999/08/19.

  • Hebert, J.R., Gupta, P.C., Bhonsle, R.B., Murti, P.R., Mehta, H., Verghese, F. et al. Development and testing of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use in Kerala, India. Publ. Health Nutr., 1998, 1(2), 123-130. Epub 2000/08/10.

  • Willett, W. and Lenart, E. Reproducibility and Validity of Food-Frequency Questionnaire. Nutritional Epidemiology, 2nd Edition. 1998, Oxford University Press, New York, 69-91, 101-147.

  • Zhang, C.X. and Ho, S.C. Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency Questionnaire among Chinese women in Guangdong province. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2009, 18(2), 240-250. Epub 2009/08/29.

  • Cassidy, C.M. Walk a mile in my shoes: culturally sensitive food-habit research. Am .J .Clin. Nutr., 1994, 59(1 Suppl):190S-197S. Epub 1994/01/01.

  • Barrat, E., Aubineau, N., Maillot, M., Derbord, E., Barthes, P., Lescuyer, J.F. et al. Repeatability and relative validity of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire among French adults. Fd. Nutr. Res., 2012, 56. Epub 2012/11/03.

  • Marques-Vidal, P., Ross, A., Wynn, E., Rezzi, S., Paccaud, F. and Decarli, B. Reproducibility and relative validity of a food-frequency questionnaire for French-speaking Swiss adults. Fd. Nutr. Res., 2011, 55. Epub 2011/05/13.

  • Hernandez-Avila, M., Romieu, I., Parra, S., Hernandez-Avila, J., Madrigal, H. and Willett, W. Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake of women living in Mexico City. Salud Publ. Mex., 1998, 40(2), 133-140. Epub 1998/06/09.

  • de la Fuente-Arrillaga, C., Ruiz, Z.V., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Sampson, L. and Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. Reproducibility of an FFQ validated in Spain. Publ. Health Nutr., 2010, 13(9), 1364-1372. Epub 2010/01/29.

  • Bharathi, A.V., Kurpad, A.V., Thomas, T., Yusuf, S., Saraswathi, G. and Vaz, M. Development of food frequency questionnaires and a nutrient database for the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) pilot study in South India: methodological issues. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2008, 17(1), 178-185. Epub 2008/03/28.

  • Shahar, D.R., Yerushalmi, N., Lubin, F., Froom, P., Shahar, A. and Kristal-Boneh E. Seasonal variations in dietary intake affect the consistency of dietary assessment. Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2001, 17(2), 129-133. Epub 2001/10/16.

  • Jose, S.S.R.M., Balakrishna, N., Brahmam, G.N.V. and Reddy, G.B. Development of a raw food based quantitative food frequency questionnaire for its reproducibility and validity in urban individuals of Hyderabad, India. Int. J. Fd. Nutr. Sci., 2014, 180-187.

  • Gopalan, C., Narsinga Rao, B., Deosthale, T. and Pant, K. Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad. 1990.

  • NNMB. Diet and nutritional status of rural population, Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes among adults and infants and young child feeding practices National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau technical report No:26 National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India. 2012.

  • Pasricha, S. Count what you eat. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India. 2004.

  • Bland, J.M. and Altman, D.G. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet, 1986, 1(8476), 307-310. Epub 1986/02/08.

  • Sudha, V., Radhika, G., Sathya, R.M., Ganesan, A. and Mohan, V. Reproducibility and validity of an interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake of urban adults in southern India. Int. J. Fd. Sci. Nutr., 2006, 57(7-8), 481-493. Epub 2006/12/13.

  • Vaz, M. Food frequency questionnaire-based estimates of compliance to ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Programme) Recommended diets in a middle-class adult population of Bangalore city. J. Assoc. Phys. India, 2009, 57, 443.

  • Mahajan, R., Malik, M., Bharathi, A.V., Lakshmi, P.V., Patro, B.K., Rana, S.K, et al. Reproducibility and validity of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire in an urban and rural area of northern India. Nat. Med. J. India, 2013, 26(5), 266-272. Epub 2014/07/16.

  • Iqbal, R., Ajayan, K., Bharathi, A.V., Zhang, X., Islam, S., Soman, C.R. et al. Refinement and validation of an FFQ developed to estimate macro- and micronutrient intakes in a south Indian population. Publ. Health Nutr., 2009, 12(1), 12-18. Epub 2008/03/08.

  • Kapil, U. Reproducibility and validity of the food frequency questionnaire methodology in an urban middle income group community of Delhi, India. Pak. J. Nutr., 2003, (2).

  • Nurul-Fadhilah, A., Teo, P.S. and Foo, L.H. Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary assessment in Malay adolescents in Malaysia. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2012, 21(1), 97-103. Epub 2012/03/01.

  • Cade, J.E., Burley, V.J., Warm, D.L., Thompson, R.L. and Margetts, B.M. Food-frequency questionnaires: a review of their design, validation and utilisation. Nutr. Res. Rev., 2004, 17(1), 5-22. Epub 2004/06/01.

  • Lazarus, R., Wilson, A., Gliksman, M. and Aiken, J. Repeatability of nutrient intakes estimated by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire in elderly subjects. Ann. Epidemiol., 1995, 5(1), 65-68. Epub 1995/01/01.

  • Betsy, A.A.R., Rao, V.V.M., Rao, V.S. and Polasa, K. Validation of a food frequency interview schedule to assess the dietary intake of the population in Hyderabad city - A cross-sectional study. Mal. J. Nutr., 2014, 20(2), 133-144.

  • Reddy, G.B., Sivaprasad, M., Shalini, T., Satyanarayana, A., Seshacharyulu, M., Balakrishna, N. et al. Plasma vitamin D status in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without retinopathy. Nutri., 2015, 31(7-8), 959-963. Epub 2015/06/11.

  • Satyanarayana, A., Balakrishna, N., Pitla, S., Reddy, P.Y., Mudili, S., Lopamudra, P. et al. Status of B-vitamins and homocysteine in diabetic retinopathy: association with vitamin-B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia. PloS One. 2011, 6(11), e26747. Epub 2011/11/10.

  • Sivaprasad, M., Shalini, T., Balakrishna, N., Sudarshan, M., Lopamudra, P., Suryanarayana, P. et al. Status of Vitamin B12 and Folate among the Urban Adult Population in South India. Ann. Nutri. Metab., 2016, 68(2), 94-102. Epub 2015/12/17.

  • Saraswat, M., Reddy, P.Y., Muthenna, P. and Reddy, G.B. Prevention of non-enzymic glycation of proteins by dietary agents: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications. Br. J. Nutr., 2009, 101(11), 1714-1721. Epub 2008/11/07.

  • Saraswat, M., Muthenna, P., Suryanarayana, P., Petrash, J.M. and Reddy, G.B. Dietary sources of aldose reductase inhibitors: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2008, 17(4), 558-565. Epub 2008/12/31.


Abstract Views: 390

PDF Views: 2




  • A Raw Food Based Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Long-Term Dietary-Intake Among Urban Adults of South India:Relative Validity and Reproducibility

Abstract Views: 390  |  PDF Views: 2

Authors

Sarin S. Jose
Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
T. Shalini
Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
N. Balakrishna
Department of Statistics, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
M. S. Radhika
Department of Community Studies, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
G. N. V. Brahmam
Department of Community Studies, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India
G. Bhanuprakash Reddy
Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India

Abstract


Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is a commonly used tool for the measurement of food intake of a large population. However, FFQ could be influenced by the cultures, seasons and food habits. Thus FFQ should be validated against a known or standard tool like a multiple 24-hour dietary recalls (24h) and also needs to be tested for its reproducibility. Hence, in this study, the reproducibility of a Raw food based quantitative FFQ (RFFQ) was assessed and validated against the standard multiple 24h method. A community-based longitudinal study was conducted among 106 urban adult subjects in Hyderabad Metropolitan city of South India. The reproducibility of RFFQ was assessed at two reference periods of a year and seasonal variation was investigated across three seasons. Further, RFFQ was validated against 24h across three seasons of the year. The median and Inter Quartile Range (IQR) of food and nutrient intakes have shown that the RFFQ was comparable to 24h of four months duration and also between baseline and final RFFQs. No significant seasonal difference in food and nutrient intake was observed by the RFFQs (p>0.05). Bland-Altman analysis showed an agreement between the RFFQ and 24h indicating relative validity of the RFFQ in the study population. The reproducibility of the RFFQs was found to be good as observed by Intra class Correlation Coefficients (ICC). The RFFQ of one year duration is thus a valid tool to elicit long-term habitual dietary intake pattern of urban adult subjects in South India. As the RFFQ used in this study is raw food based it could be adopted to other parts of the country.

Keywords


Diet Survey, 24-Hour Dietary Recall, Raw Food Based Quantitative FFQ, Validity, Reproducibility.

References