The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Obesity in Relation to Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases among Women from Low, Middle and High Income Groups


Affiliations
1 Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab - 141 004, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


A study was conducted to assess the prevalence of obesity and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in women from low, middle and high income group. A total of 150 women in the age group of 40-50 years, belonging to low (LIG), middle (MIG) and high (HIG) income group were selected from sub-mountainous region of Hoshiarpur city. The Body Mass Index (BMI) criterion was used for the assessment of obesity. Twenty five normal (BMI 20-22.9 kg/m2) and 25 obese (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2) women from each income group i.e. LIG, MIG and HIG were selected to study the relationship of obesity with CVD. The data on anthropometric measurements and blood lipid profile was collected. The obese subjects belonging to MIG and HIG were found to have higher risk factors of CVD such as total cholesterol, triglycerides was LDL as compared to subjects in LIG.

Keywords

Obesity, Income Groups, Body Mass Index, Lipid Profile, Anthropometric Measurements, CVD.
User
Notifications

  • National Institute of Health, Consensus development panel on the health implications of obesity. Ann. Int. Med., 1985, 103, 981-1073.

  • Rathi, M. and Palekar, T. A study of weight and birth variations during pregnancy and post partum in normal, underweight and overweight women. Ind. J. Physiothe. Occupation.Therapy, 2012, 6, 178-181.

  • Takami, R., Takeda, N., Hayashi, M., Sasaki, A., Kawachi, S. and Yoshino, K. Body fatness and fat distribution as predictors of metabolic abnormalities and early carotid atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care, 2001, 24, 1248–1252.

  • Caprio, S., Tamborlane, W.V., Silver, D., Robinson, C., Leibel, R. and McCarthy, S. Hyperleptinemia: an early sign of juvenile obesity: Relations to body fat depots and insulin concentrations. Am. J. Physio., 1996, 271, 626–630.

  • http://www.nfhsindia.org/nfhs3.html.

  • WHO expert consultant. Appropriate body mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet, 2004, 363, 157-163.

  • Trinder, P. Determination of blood glucose using 4-amino phenazone as oxygen acceptor, J. Clin. Pathol., 1969, 22, 246.

  • Allian, C.C., Poon, L.S., Chan, C.S., Richmond, W. and Fu, P.C. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol, Clini. Chem., 1974, 20, 470-475.

  • Eggstein, M. and Kuhlmann, E. Triglycerides and glycerol in methods of enzymatic analysis. Academic Press New York, 1974, 4, 1825-1831.

  • Lopes-Virella, M.F., Stone, P., Ellis, S. and Colwell, J.A. Cholesterol determination in high-density lipoproteins separated by three different methods, Clin. Chem., 1977, 23, 882-884.

  • Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I. and Fredrickson, D.S. Estimation of the concentration of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge, Clin. Chem., 1972, 18, 499-502.

  • Richmond, W. Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum, Clin. Chem., 1973, 19, 1350-1356.

  • Fossati, P. and Principle, L. Quantitative determination of triglycerides in serum or plasma by enzymetic DHBC colorimetric method, Clin. Chem., 1982, 28, 2077.

  • Jelliffe, D.B. The assessment of the nutrition status of the community, World health Organization Monograph Series No.53, Geneva, 1966, 50-84.

  • Maclead, J. Davidsons Principles and Practice of Medicine.14th Edition Edinburgh ELBS/ Churchill, 1984.

  • Durnin and Womersley. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skin fold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 Years. Br. J. Nutr., 1974, 32, 77-97.

  • ICMR .Nutritional Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians. National Institute of Nutrtion, Hyderabad, 1990.

  • Sharan, S. and Puttaraj, S. Prevalence of upper body obesity as determinant by waist hip ratio and risk factors associated with it. Ind. J. Nutr. Dietet., 2006, 43, 378-384.

  • Schutz, Y., Kyle, U.U.G. and Pichard, C. Fat-free mass index and fat mass index percentiles in Caucasians aged 18-98 years. Ind. J. Obes., 2002, 26, 953-960.

  • Pasco, J.A., Brennan, S.L. and Kotowicz, M.A. Morbid obesity in women on the rise: An observational population-based study. BMC Public Health, 2013, 13, 290.

  • Zhu, S.K., Wong, Z.M., Heshka, S., Heo, M., Faith, M.S. and Heymsfield, S.B. Waist circumference and obesity associated risk factors among white in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey : Clinical action thresholds. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2002, 76, 743-749.

  • Rao, S.G. and Puttaraj, S. Nutrient intake and energy balance of adult women. Stud. Home Comm Sci., 2007, 31-37.

  • Nande, P., Hussain, M. and Vali, S. Influence of obesity on the body measurements and composition in adult women belonging to minority community. Ind. J. Nutr. Dietet., 2009, 47, 137-151.

  • Appel, L.J. Role of nutrition in reducing hypertension. N. Eng. J. Med, 1997, 336, 11171124.

  • Hauterman, S., Verschuren, W.M., Hofman, A. and Witterman, J.C. Serum cholesterol is a risk factor for myocardial infarction in elderly men and women: The Rotterdam Study. J. Int. Med., 1997, 24, 25-33.

  • Sinha, M. Nutrition intake and other lifestyle pattern in relation to coronary heart disease. Ph.D. Dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 1995.

  • Ghafoorunissa and Krishnamurthy. Fatty acid composition and food items. Diet and Heart Diseases: National Institute of Hyderabad, 2000, 32-34.

  • Berglund, L., Oliver, E.H., Fontanez, N., Holleran, S., Mathews, K., Roheim, P.S., Ginsberg, H.N., Rama krishnaa, R. and Lefevre, M. HDL-sub population patterns in response to reductions in dietary total and saturated fat intake in healthy subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1999, 70, 992-1000.

  • Siedall, J.C., Perusser, L., Despres, J.P. and Bouchard, C. Waist and hip ratio have independent and opposite effect on cardiovascular disease risk factor. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2001, 74, 315-321.

  • Monro, J.A. Glycemic glucose equivalent, combining carbohydrate control, quality and glycemic index of foods for precision in glycemic management (original) not seen. Cited from CAB (Abstrt), 2002.

  • Arora, P., Jain, B., Kohli, G.K., Sehgal, M. and Goyal, R.K. Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ind. Med. Gazatte, 2002, 258-263.


Abstract Views: 308

PDF Views: 2




  • Obesity in Relation to Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases among Women from Low, Middle and High Income Groups

Abstract Views: 308  |  PDF Views: 2

Authors

Shagun Aggarwal
Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab - 141 004, India
Neerja Singla
Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab - 141 004, India

Abstract


A study was conducted to assess the prevalence of obesity and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in women from low, middle and high income group. A total of 150 women in the age group of 40-50 years, belonging to low (LIG), middle (MIG) and high (HIG) income group were selected from sub-mountainous region of Hoshiarpur city. The Body Mass Index (BMI) criterion was used for the assessment of obesity. Twenty five normal (BMI 20-22.9 kg/m2) and 25 obese (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2) women from each income group i.e. LIG, MIG and HIG were selected to study the relationship of obesity with CVD. The data on anthropometric measurements and blood lipid profile was collected. The obese subjects belonging to MIG and HIG were found to have higher risk factors of CVD such as total cholesterol, triglycerides was LDL as compared to subjects in LIG.

Keywords


Obesity, Income Groups, Body Mass Index, Lipid Profile, Anthropometric Measurements, CVD.

References