The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Anthropometry and Twin Epidemic of Malnutrition among Urban Population of Varanasi


Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


As life expectancies increase the major causes of death shift to the chronic and non communicable diseases, Indian population is increasingly facing modern risks due to overweight and obesity and other diet-related factors. As a result, people are facing a growing burden from the modern risks to health, while still fighting an unfinished battle with the traditional risks that results in dual burden of risks and diseases. This study aims at estimating the prevalence of under nutrition and over nutrition based on anthropometric indices. A community based cross-sectional study with multi-stage sampling design was conducted among urban population of Varanasi aged 25-64 years living in the selected area. A pre designed and pre tested proforma was used to collect the basic characteristics of 640 study subjects. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference) were recorded by following standard procedures. WHO International and Asia pacific guidelines for BMI were used to define Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), overweight and obesity. Waist circumference and WHR for identifying abdominal obesity were defined by Indian guidelines. Mean height and weight of male subjects (n=301) were 167.5 ± 7.5 cm and 66.8 ± 12.5 kg, respectively and height and weight of female subjects (n=339) were 153.5 ± 6.01 cm and 57.6 ± 10.2 kg, respectively. Mean BMI was higher among female (24.4 ± 3.92 kg/m2) than male subjects (23.8 ± 3.95 kg/m2). The prevalence of CED, overweight and obesity were 8.6, 22.8 and 38.3% respectively by Asian classification and 8.6, 29.1 and 9.3% respectively by Global classification. The prevalence of thinness was higher among males, whereas prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among females. Prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher among females as compared to their male counterparts.

Keywords

Malnutrition, Anthropometry, Urban, Varanasi, Obesity, Under Nutrition.
User
Notifications

  • Global Status Report on Non-Communicable Diseases2010. www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report2010/en/

  • Shukla, H.C., Gupta, P.C., Mehta, H.C. and Hebert, J.R. Descriptive epidemiology of body mass index of an urban adult population in western India. J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health. 2002, 56(11), 876-880.

  • Hussain, M.A., Mishra, C.P., Bista, D.R. and Kaushik, A. Associates of Body Mass Index of an urban adult population of Varanasi. Ind. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 2008, 39(3-4), 103-109.

  • Sidhu, S. and Kumari, K. Incidence of overweight and obesity among urban and rural males of Amritsar. J.Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 2006, 2, 79-83.

  • International Institute for Population Sciences. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. National family Health Survey (NFHS-3) 2005-06, India. V. 1. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences, 2007, 540 p.

  • Srivastava, S. and Chakravarty, A. Correlation between anthropometric measurements and nutrient intake of different weight status of women. Asian J. Home Sci., 2010, 5(1), 145-148.

  • Bose, K., Chakraborty, F., Bisai, S., Khatun, A., Bauri, H. Body mass index and nutritional status of adult Savar tribals of Keonjhar District, Orissa, India. Asia. Pac. J. Public Health. 2006, 18(3), 3-7.

  • Gorstein, J. and Akré, J. The use of anthropometry to assess nutritional status. World Health Stat Q., 1988, 41(2), 48-58.

  • Kaur, S. and Walia, I. Body Mass Index, waist circumference and waist hip ratio among nursing students. Nursing and Midwifery Res. J., 2007, 3(2), 84-90.

  • Ho, S.C., Chen, Y.M., Woo, J.L., Leung, S.S., Lam, T.H. and Janus, E.D. Association between simple anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors. Int. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 2001, 25, 1689-1697.

  • WHO (World Health Organization) 1998. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. WHO Technical Report Series 894. World Health Organization, Geneva.

  • WHO (World Health Organization), The Asia-Pacific perspective redefining obesity and its treatment. International Diabetes Institute. Health Communications Australia Pty. Ltd., Geneva, 2000.

  • Park, K. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine. 22nd Edition, Jabalpur, Bhanot, 2013, 370.

  • Mangal, A., Kumar, V., Panesar, S., Talwar, R., Raut, D. and Singh, S. Updated BG Prasad socioeconomic classification, 2014: A commentary. Ind. J. Pub. Health, 2015, 59, 42-44.

  • Krishnan, A. et al. Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease in a rural area of Faridabad district of Haryana. Ind. J. Pub. Health, 2008, 52(3), 117-124.

  • Thankappan, K.R. et al. Risk factor profile for chronic non-communicable diseases: Results of a community-based study in Kerala, India. Ind. J. Med. Res., 2010, 131, 53-63.

  • Pradeepa, R. et al. Prevalence of generalized & abdominal obesity in urban & rural India-the ICMR-INDIAB STUDY (Phase-I) [ICMR-INDIAB-3]. Ind. J. Med. Res., 2015, 142, 139-150.

  • Bhagyalaxmi, A., Trivedi, A. and Jain, S. Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in a district of Gujarat, India. J. Health, Population and Nutr., 2013, 31(1), 78-85.

  • WHO (World Health Organisation). Turning the tide of malnutrition responding to the challenge of the 21st century. Nutrition for Health and Development (NHD). 2000. Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE). World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland.

  • Wikipedia. Available on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutrition_in_India.


Abstract Views: 333

PDF Views: 2




  • Anthropometry and Twin Epidemic of Malnutrition among Urban Population of Varanasi

Abstract Views: 333  |  PDF Views: 2

Authors

Shikha Singh
Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, India
Ravi Shankar
Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, India

Abstract


As life expectancies increase the major causes of death shift to the chronic and non communicable diseases, Indian population is increasingly facing modern risks due to overweight and obesity and other diet-related factors. As a result, people are facing a growing burden from the modern risks to health, while still fighting an unfinished battle with the traditional risks that results in dual burden of risks and diseases. This study aims at estimating the prevalence of under nutrition and over nutrition based on anthropometric indices. A community based cross-sectional study with multi-stage sampling design was conducted among urban population of Varanasi aged 25-64 years living in the selected area. A pre designed and pre tested proforma was used to collect the basic characteristics of 640 study subjects. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference) were recorded by following standard procedures. WHO International and Asia pacific guidelines for BMI were used to define Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), overweight and obesity. Waist circumference and WHR for identifying abdominal obesity were defined by Indian guidelines. Mean height and weight of male subjects (n=301) were 167.5 ± 7.5 cm and 66.8 ± 12.5 kg, respectively and height and weight of female subjects (n=339) were 153.5 ± 6.01 cm and 57.6 ± 10.2 kg, respectively. Mean BMI was higher among female (24.4 ± 3.92 kg/m2) than male subjects (23.8 ± 3.95 kg/m2). The prevalence of CED, overweight and obesity were 8.6, 22.8 and 38.3% respectively by Asian classification and 8.6, 29.1 and 9.3% respectively by Global classification. The prevalence of thinness was higher among males, whereas prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among females. Prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher among females as compared to their male counterparts.

Keywords


Malnutrition, Anthropometry, Urban, Varanasi, Obesity, Under Nutrition.

References