The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics

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Shifting Dietary Patterns Contribute to the Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Among Urban Affluent Men in India


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1 Biometry and Nutrition Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune-411004, India
     

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The pertinent role of diet in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) is evident among studies from developed countries, however scarce data is available from India that has a culturally unique diet pattern. Data on socio-economic background, dietary patterns, BMI, body fat, circumferences, skin folds and blood pressure were recorded on 302 affluent men (30-60 years) in a cross-sectional study in Pune, India. Fasting blood estimations were performed for glucose, insulin and lipids. The subjects were predominantly (70%) vegetarians with daily butter consumption at 50%, high consumption (>4 times/week) of milk at 60.5% and >2 times/week for milk products (36%), home-made fried snacks (35%), outside snacks (25.5%) and outside meals (32.2%). High consumption of home-made fried and sweet snacks, outside snacks and milk products showed significantly higher (p<0.05) means, prevalence and odds ratio for overall and abdominal obesity. High consumption of fried foods increased abdominal obesity by 2-4 times. Significant associations were also observed between consumption patterns, dyslipidemia and MS. Prevalence of dyslipidemia significantly (p<0.05) increased from 42% to 48% to 55% across tertiles of outside snack consumption, with a significant risk observed in the middle tertile (OR: 1.94, p<0.05). Food groups that had displayed risk for abdominal obesity continued to demonstrate a positive association with MS viz. milk products (OR:2.23, p<0.05), home-made fried snacks (OR: 4.45, p<0.01) and outside snacks (OR:3.45, p<0.05). Odds ratio for fried and outside snacks continued to be significant even after adjusting for BMI. In contrast, the risk for MS was lowest (OR: 0.15, p=0.068) among subjects consuming fish (>once/week) as compared to consumption of once or less per month, even after adjusting for BMI. It was thus evident that consuming foods high in unhealthy fats and sugar (>2 times/week) increased the risk for both abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Keywords

Obesity, Abdominal Obesity, BMI, Waist Circumference, Metabolic Syndrome, Dyslipidemia, Diet, Fried Foods, Outside Snacks.
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  • Shifting Dietary Patterns Contribute to the Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Among Urban Affluent Men in India

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Authors

Prajakta Parab-Waingankar
Biometry and Nutrition Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune-411004, India
Shobha Rao
Biometry and Nutrition Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune-411004, India

Abstract


The pertinent role of diet in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) is evident among studies from developed countries, however scarce data is available from India that has a culturally unique diet pattern. Data on socio-economic background, dietary patterns, BMI, body fat, circumferences, skin folds and blood pressure were recorded on 302 affluent men (30-60 years) in a cross-sectional study in Pune, India. Fasting blood estimations were performed for glucose, insulin and lipids. The subjects were predominantly (70%) vegetarians with daily butter consumption at 50%, high consumption (>4 times/week) of milk at 60.5% and >2 times/week for milk products (36%), home-made fried snacks (35%), outside snacks (25.5%) and outside meals (32.2%). High consumption of home-made fried and sweet snacks, outside snacks and milk products showed significantly higher (p<0.05) means, prevalence and odds ratio for overall and abdominal obesity. High consumption of fried foods increased abdominal obesity by 2-4 times. Significant associations were also observed between consumption patterns, dyslipidemia and MS. Prevalence of dyslipidemia significantly (p<0.05) increased from 42% to 48% to 55% across tertiles of outside snack consumption, with a significant risk observed in the middle tertile (OR: 1.94, p<0.05). Food groups that had displayed risk for abdominal obesity continued to demonstrate a positive association with MS viz. milk products (OR:2.23, p<0.05), home-made fried snacks (OR: 4.45, p<0.01) and outside snacks (OR:3.45, p<0.05). Odds ratio for fried and outside snacks continued to be significant even after adjusting for BMI. In contrast, the risk for MS was lowest (OR: 0.15, p=0.068) among subjects consuming fish (>once/week) as compared to consumption of once or less per month, even after adjusting for BMI. It was thus evident that consuming foods high in unhealthy fats and sugar (>2 times/week) increased the risk for both abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Keywords


Obesity, Abdominal Obesity, BMI, Waist Circumference, Metabolic Syndrome, Dyslipidemia, Diet, Fried Foods, Outside Snacks.

References