The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Obesity and Overweight Associated Blood Lipid, Haemoglobin and Blood Pressure Dynamics in School Children: A Cross Sectional Study from Kerala, India


Affiliations
1 Department of Community Sciences, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala-680 656, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The study was carried out to determine the change in bio chemical parameters with the incidence of obesity among school children aged 7 to 12 years. Sample size consisted of 200 children, with 100 each respectively from obese and normal weight children. Childhood obesity was related with lipid levels which in turn is associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The mean values of haemoglobin and blood pressure increased with body weight for both boys and girls. A positive correlation between biochemical parameters such as serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, HDL, haemoglobin, blood pressure and obesity was observed. The study also made an attempt to derive at regression equations by determining the correlation between blood lipid profile vs obesity and blood pressure vs obesity. The predictive index for childhood obesity was formulated for both boys and girls based on the biochemical parameters. For boys it is y = 10.4 + 0.169x1 + 0.90x2 + 0.278x3 – 0.015x4 + 0.2x5 – 0.831x6 – 4.18x7 and for girls it was derived as is y = – 20.0 + 0.006x1 + 0.149x2 – 0.06x3 + 0.067x4 + 0.133x5 – 0.001x6 , Where, x1 – Serum cholesterol, x2 - Serum TG, x3 - HDL, x4 – LDL, x5 – Systolic BP, x6 – Diastolic BP and x7 – VLDL.

Keywords

Obesity, School Children, Lipid Profile, Cholesterol, Systolic BP, Diastolic BP.
User
Notifications

  • Nyberg, S.T., Batty, G.D., Pentti, J., Virtanen, M., Alfredsson, L., Fransson, E.I., Goldberg, M., Heikkilä, K., Jokela, M., Knutsson, A., Koskenvuo, M., Lallukka, T., Leineweber, C., Lindbohm, J.V., Madsen, I.E.H., Hanson, L.L., Nordin, M., Oksanen, T., Pietiläinen, O. and Rahkonen, O. Obesity and loss of disease-free years owing to major non-communicable diseases: A multi-cohort study. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2017, 18, 2005-2010.

  • Bharati, D.R., Deshmukh, P.R. and Garg, B.S. Correlates of overweight and obesity among scholl going children of Wardha city, Central India. Ind. J. Med. Res., 2008, 127, 539-543.

  • Nethan, S., Sinha, D. and Mehrotra, R. Non communicable disease risk factors and their trends in India. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev., 2017, 18, 2005-2010.

  • Abate, N. Obesity and cardiovascular disease, Pathogenetic role of the metabolic syndrome and therapeutic implications. J. Diabet. Complicat., 2000, 14, 154-174.

  • Sharma, A.K., Metzger, D.L. and Rodd, C.J. Prevalence and severity of high blood pressure among children based on the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. JAMA Pediat., 2018, 172, 557-565.

  • Allian, C.C. Clinical Chemistry, William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd. London, 1995, p. 470.

  • Werner, M., Gabreelson, D.G. and Eastman, G. Clinical Chemistry, William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd., London, 1981, pp. 268.

  • NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Programme, Expert panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. Circula., 2002, 106, 3143-3421.

  • Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I. and Federickson, D. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultra centrifugation. Clin. Chem., 1972, 18, 499-502.

  • NIN, National Institute of Nutrition, A Manual of Laboratory Techniques (Eds.), Raghuramalu, N., Nair, K.M. and Kalyansundaram, S., Hyderabad, India, 1983, pp. 180-184.

  • Hickman, T.B., Brefel, R.R., Margaret, D. and Johnson, P.S.H. Distribution and trends of serum lipid levels among children and adolescents ages 4-19 years. Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys. 2002, p.132.

  • Chu, N.F., Rimm, E.B., Wang, D.J., Liou, H.S. and Shieh, S.M. Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among obese school children: the Taipei children heart study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1998, 67, 1141-1146.

  • Hajri, T., Johnson, B., Talishinskiy, T., Mazpule, G., Ewing, D. and Eld, S. Obesity is associated with increased expression of very low density lipoprotein receptor in adipose tissue: A possible link to increased VLDL catabolism and adiposity, FACEB J., 2017, 31, 1.

  • Garce´s, C., Gutierrez-guisado, J., Benavente, M., Cano, B., Viturro, E., Ortega, H. and Manuel, D.O. Obesity in Spanish school children: relationship with lipid profile and insulin resistance. Obesity Res., 2005, 13, 959-963.

  • Raj, M. Obesity and cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. Ind. J. Endocrinol. Metab., 2012, 16, 13-19.

  • Sinha, R., Fisch, G. and Teague, B. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. New Engl. J. Med., 2002, 346, 802-810.

  • Freedman, D.S., Khan, L.K., Dietz, W.H., Srinivasan, S.R. and Berenson, G.S. Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediat., 2001, 108, 712- 718.

  • Brady, T. M. Obesity-related hypertension in children. Front. Pediat., 2017, 25, 197.

  • Sinaiko, A.R., Jacobs, D.R. Jr. and Steinberger, J. Insulin resistance syndrome in childhood: associations of the glycemic insulin clamp and fasting insulin with fatness and other risk factors. J. Pediat., 2001, 139, 700-707.

  • Young-Hyman, D., Schlundt, D.G., De Luca, F. and Counts, D. Evaluation of the insulin resistance syndrome in 5- to 10-year old overweight/obese African-American children. Diabet. Care, 2001, 24, 1359-1364.

  • Raj, M., Sundaram, K.R., Paul, M., Deepa, A.S. and Krishnakumar, R. Obesity in Indian children: Time, trends and relationship with hypertension. Nat. Med. J. India, 2007, 20, 288-293.

  • Srinivasan, S.R., Bao, W., Wattigney, W.A. and Berenson, G.S. Adolescent overweight is associated with adult overweight and related multiple cardiovascular risk factors: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Metabol., 1996, 45, 235-240.

  • Field, A.E., Nancy, R.C., and Matthew, W.G. Weight status in childhood as a predictor of becoming overweight or hypertensive in early adulthood. Obesity Res., 2005, 13, 163-169.

  • Gillman, M.W. and Cook, N.R. Blood pressure measurement in childhood epidemiological studies. Circulat., 1995, 92, 1049-1057.

  • Wang, Y. and Lobstein, T. Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. Int. J. Pediat. Obesity, 2006, 1, 11-25.

  • Ming, L., Dibley, M.J., Sibbritt, D. and Yan, H. An assessment of adolescent overweight and obesity in Xi’ an City China. Int. J. Pediat. Obesity, 2009, 1, 50-58.

  • Berns, M.A., deVries, J.H. and Katan, M.B. Increase in body fatness as a major determinant of changes in serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in young men over a 10-year period. Am. J. Epidemiol., 1989, 130, 1109-1122.

  • Daniels, S.R., Morrison, J.A., Sprecher, D.L., Khoury P. and Kimball, T.R. Association of body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. Circulat., 1999, 99, 541-545.

  • Haarbo, J., Hassager, C., Schlemer, A. and Christiansen, C. Influence of smoking, body fat distribution and alcohol consumption on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in early postmenopausal women. Atheroscler., 1990, 84, 239-244.

  • Haarbo, J., Hassager, C., Riis, B.J. and Christensen, C. Relation of body fat distribution to serum lipids and lipoproteins in elderly women. Atheroscler., 1989, 80, 57-62.

  • Lauer, R.M. and Clarke, W.R. Childhood risk factors for high adult blood pressure: The Muscatine Study. Pediat., 1989, 84, 633-41.

  • Srinivasan, S.R., Bao, W., Wattigney, W.A. and Berenson, G.S. Adolescent overweight is associated with adult overweight and related multiple cardiovascular risk factors: The Bogalusa heart study. Metabol., 1996, 45, 235-240.

  • Higgins, P.B., Gower, B.A., Hunter, G.R. and Goran, M.I. Defining health-related obesity in pre-pubertal children. Obesity Res., 2001, 9, 233-240.

  • Garce´s, C., Benavente, M. and Ortega, H. Influence of birth weight on the Apo E genetic determinants of plasma lipid levels in children. Pediat. Res., 2002, 52, 873-878.

  • Wattigney, W.A., Harsha, D.W., Srinivasan, S.R., Webber, L.S. and Berenson, G.S. Increasing impact of obesity on serum lipids and lipoproteins in young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. Arch. Int. Med., 1991, 151, 2017-2022.

  • Ronnemaa, T., Knip, M., and Lautala, P. Serum insulin and other cardiovascular risk indicators in children, adolescents and young adults. Ann. Inter. Med., 1991, 23, 67-72.

  • Matthews, D.R., Hosker, J.P., Rudenski, A.S., Naylor, B.A., Treacher, D.F. and Turner, R.C., Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetol., 1985, 28, 412-419.

  • WHO, World Health Organisation, 1987, Nutrition Monitoring and Assessment, Eds., Gopaldas, T. and Seshadri, S., Oxford University press, pp. 105.

  • National High Blood Pressure Education Programme Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediat., 2004, 114, 555-576.


Abstract Views: 265

PDF Views: 1




  • Obesity and Overweight Associated Blood Lipid, Haemoglobin and Blood Pressure Dynamics in School Children: A Cross Sectional Study from Kerala, India

Abstract Views: 265  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Seeja Thomachan Panjikkaran
Department of Community Sciences, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala-680 656, India

Abstract


The study was carried out to determine the change in bio chemical parameters with the incidence of obesity among school children aged 7 to 12 years. Sample size consisted of 200 children, with 100 each respectively from obese and normal weight children. Childhood obesity was related with lipid levels which in turn is associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The mean values of haemoglobin and blood pressure increased with body weight for both boys and girls. A positive correlation between biochemical parameters such as serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, HDL, haemoglobin, blood pressure and obesity was observed. The study also made an attempt to derive at regression equations by determining the correlation between blood lipid profile vs obesity and blood pressure vs obesity. The predictive index for childhood obesity was formulated for both boys and girls based on the biochemical parameters. For boys it is y = 10.4 + 0.169x1 + 0.90x2 + 0.278x3 – 0.015x4 + 0.2x5 – 0.831x6 – 4.18x7 and for girls it was derived as is y = – 20.0 + 0.006x1 + 0.149x2 – 0.06x3 + 0.067x4 + 0.133x5 – 0.001x6 , Where, x1 – Serum cholesterol, x2 - Serum TG, x3 - HDL, x4 – LDL, x5 – Systolic BP, x6 – Diastolic BP and x7 – VLDL.

Keywords


Obesity, School Children, Lipid Profile, Cholesterol, Systolic BP, Diastolic BP.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2020.57.3.25123